液相色谱-串联质谱测定面条和米粉中的硫脲

建立了米面制品中硫脲的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定方法.实验优化了样品提取方法、液相色谱条件和质谱参数.样品用80%乙醇超声波提取,离子交换色谱分离,色谱柱为NUCLEOSIL 100-5SA 阳离子交换柱,流动相为乙腈-(1%乙酸+0.2%乙酸铵)水溶液(30: 70),流速0.5mL/min.采用电喷雾质谱正离子模式电离,多反应选择离子检测,检测离子对为m/z 77/60和m/z 77/43,其中m/z 77/60为定量离子对.结果表明: 本方法简便快速、准确可靠,相对标准偏差＜4.0%;回收率为83%～90%;检出限为0.5 mg/kg;定量下限为 5 mg/kg.     

液相色谱-质谱法同时测定塑料制品中的双酚A和四溴双酚A

建立了高效液相色谱-质谱同时测定塑料制品中的双酚A(BPA)和四溴双酚A(TBBP-A)的方法。采用超声波萃取技术萃取样品。系统地考察了前处理条件、色谱条件和质谱参数。实验表明,在50 ℃条件下,加入20 mL二氯甲烷对塑料样品中的BPA和TBBP-A超声提取60 min可获得较好的提取效果。以甲醇和水为流动相,采用液相色谱-质谱联用分离和检测BPA和TBBP-A。该方法的线性范围为0.1～2.0 mg/L; BPA和TBBP-A检出限分别为0.01 mg/kg和0.02 mg/kg;回收率为85.4%～97.6%。该方法分离时间短,操作简便,实用性强,灵敏度高,适用于塑料制品中双酚A和四溴双酚A的残留分析。     

粮谷中双苯唑菌醇残留量的液相色谱-质谱/质谱检测

建立了糙米、玉米、大麦、小麦、荞麦、大米、高粱、燕麦中双苯唑菌醇残留量的液相色谱-质谱/质谱测定方法.样品经乙腈提取,氨基(NH2)固相萃取柱净化,液相色谱-质谱/质谱仪测定,外标法定量.方法的定量下限为0.025 mg/kg,粮谷样品在0.025、0.050、0.500 mg/kg添加水平的平均回收率为 79% ～92%,相对标准偏差为4.8% ～10.8%,可以满足进出口谷物中双苯唑菌醇残留量的检测需要.     

气相色谱法测定食品包装材料中微量甲醛

建立了食品包装材料中微量甲醛的气相色谱检测方法.样品浸泡液经2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)衍生,正己烷萃取衍生反应物后,气相色谱-电子捕获检测器法测定.采用乙腈多次重结晶法提纯衍生剂(DNPH),以降低DNPH中含有的甲醛衍生产物,避免影响测定;探讨了衍生化反应的条件以及色谱条件.甲醛的残留在0.05～50 mg/L的范围内线性关系良好,检出限为0.05 mg/kg,相对标准偏差为2.7%～5.0%,回收率范围在88.6%～98.0%之间.     

免疫亲和柱净化-液相色谱质谱法对粮谷中T-2与HT-2毒素的测定

建立了免疫亲和柱净化-液相色谱质谱法同时检测粮谷中T-2和HT-2毒素的方法.样品经乙腈-水(体积比80∶20)混合溶剂提取,免疫亲和柱(Bond ElutMycotoxin)净化后,采用液相色谱质谱(HPLC-MS)测定.T-2和HT-2毒素在0.005～0.5 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999 0;在0.01、0.05、0.10、0.2 mg/kg的加标水平下,2种毒素的平均回收率为76%～90%,相对标准偏差为2.8%～7.6%;T-2和HT-2毒素的检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.001、0.002 mg/kg.     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法快速检测烤鳗虾中硝基呋喃代谢物残留新技术

采用高检测灵敏度超高效液相色谱串联质谱开发了烤鳗虾中硝基呋喃代谢物残留量快速检测新技术.该技术包括2-氯苯甲醛为衍生剂,试剂盒方法快速样品制备,高检测灵敏度超高效液相色谱串联质谱快速测定.设计了4个添加水平(0.2、0.5、1.0、2.0 μg/kg)、8次重复的试验.结果表明,方法线性范围0～5.0 μg/kg;检测限均为0.2μg/kg;AOZ回收率89.2%～100.6%,RSD2.2%～12.6%;AMOZ回收率91.3%～107.4%,RSD 4.3%～8.7%;SEM回收率79.9%～118.0%,RSD 2.4%～12.3%和A皿回收率78.9%～105.0%,RSD3.7%～12.1%.该快速检测方法小批量(20个样品)检测周期少于5.5h.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中三聚氰胺残留量

建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)快速测定水产品中三聚氰胺残留的方法.采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH HILIC色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm),流动相为乙腈-0.5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(0.1%甲酸),流速为0.3 mL/min.采用电喷雾质谱检测,以正离子模式5 min完成质谱分析.实验结果表明,三聚氰胺在水产品中的检测限为0.05 mg/kg,在0.05～0.50 mg/kg添加水平时的加标回收率为63%～90%,测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于7.2%(n=6).     

MSPD-RRLC-UV/MS法同时检测果蔬中9种三嗪类除草剂残留量

基于基质固相分散萃取(MSPD)-快速高分离液相色谱紫外和质谱检测法, 测定了果蔬中9种三嗪类除草剂的残留量. 以浓度与色谱峰面积之间的线性关系定量, 保留时间结合质谱信息进行定性. 9种待测物在0.02～4.0 mg/kg范围内峰面积与浓度具有良好的线性关系, 相关系数(r2)在0.9996～0.9998之间; 方法的最低检出限(LOD)为0.002 mg/kg; 低、中和高3个浓度点的加标回收率介于75.2%～95.6%之间, 相对标准偏差(RSD)小于11%.     

对甲基苯磺酰氯柱前衍生法测定水中哌嗪

建立了一种高效液相柱前衍生化测定水中哌嗪含量的方法。选取对甲基苯磺酰氯(p-TSC)为衍生试剂对哌嗪进行衍生化,衍生产物利用液质联用(LC-MS)技术定性,高效液相色谱定量分析。方法采用Ultimate XB-C18色谱柱,以甲醇-水(体积比60:40)为流动相,流速为0.8 mL/min,检测波长为240 nm,室温下检测。实验结果表明,哌嗪的衍生化产物与过量衍生化试剂分离良好,在10～100 mg/L的范围内,哌嗪的浓度与其衍生产物峰面积呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数r>0.999。方法的检出限为0.09 mg/L,定量限为0.30 mg/L。回收率范围为88.2%～99.2%,相对标准偏差为2.5%～5.3%。通过正交反应试验确定了最佳衍生化条件:衍生温度为55℃,缓冲液pH为10.0,衍生时间10 min。     

柱前衍生化-气相色谱-质谱法定量测定食品中丙烯酰胺的含量

建立了气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)定量测定食品中丙烯酰胺含量的分析方法。选择13C3-丙烯酰胺作为内标物。通过超纯水提取食品中的丙烯酰胺,经正己烷脱脂两次后,在酸性条件下选用溴化钾/溴酸钾为衍生剂进行衍生化反应,再采用乙酸乙酯进行液-液萃取两次,最后用三乙胺将丙烯酰胺转化为更稳定的产物2-溴丙烯酰胺,利用质谱检测器在选择离子扫描模式下测定2-溴丙烯酰胺。该方法在0.05～2.00 mg/kg范围具有良好的线性(r2=0.9995);检出限和定量限分别达到3 μg/kg和7 μg/kg;回收率范围为62.7%～65.5%。通过与前期建立的液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)方法进行对比,该法在薯片和面包样品中丙烯酰胺的检测结果略偏高,是一种可以用于常见食品中丙烯酰胺含量测定的分析方法。     

Determination of memantine in plasma and vitreous humour by HPLC with precolumn derivatization and fluorescence detection

A new HPLC procedure with precolumn derivatization and rimantadine as the internal standard for determining memantine, a candidate agent for the treatment of glaucoma in plasma and vitreous humour, has been developed and validated. Precolumn derivatization was performed with 9-fluorenylmethyl-chloroformate-chloride (FMOC-Cl) as the derivatization reagent and followed by a liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane. Optimal conditions for derivatization were an FMOC-Cl concentration of 1.5 mM, a reaction time of 20 min, the temperature at 30°C, the borate buffer pH 8.5, and a borate buffer-acetonitrile ratio of 1:1. The derivatives were analyzed by isocratic HPLC with the fluorescence detector λex 260 nm λem 315 nm on a Novapack C(18) reversed-phase column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (73:27, v/v), 40°C, and a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The linear range was 10-1000 ng/mL with a quantification limit of ～ 10 ng/mL for both types of samples. This analytical method may be suitable for using in ocular availability studies.     

Application of matrix solid-phase dispersion and high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of sulfonamides in honey

A novel method for simultaneous determination of 8 sulfonamide residues (sulfathiazole, sulfapyridine, sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamonome-thoxine, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfadimethoxine) in honey samples by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed on the basis of precolumn derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl-chloroformate (FMOC-Cl). Sulfonamide residues in honey samples were extracted and purified by matrix solid-phase dispersion with C18 as the solid support. The residues were derivatized by FMOC-CI, and the FMOC-sulfonamide derivatives were further purified by solid-phase extraction with silica gel as the solid support prior to HPLC analysis. The average recoveries for most sulfonamide compounds at different spiking levels (from 10 to 250 microg/kg) were > 70% with relative standard deviations < 16%, and their limits of detection were 4.0 microg/kg. The established analytical method has high sensitivity and repeatability and can be applicable for determining the sulfonamide residues in various honey matrixes.     

柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定大鼠血浆中的奈替米星

建立了一种简便、灵敏的氯甲酸芴甲酯(FMOC-Cl)柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱-荧光检测血浆中奈替米星的新方法,同时研究了其药代动力学。对色谱条件进行了优化,采用ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C8柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈-水(体积比为85:15),流速为1.0 mL/min,荧光检测激发波长为265 nm,发射波长为315 nm,得到奈替米星的平均加标回收率为96.62%～100.84%(n=3),对奈替米星检测的线性范围为0.045～8.88 mg/L,相关系数为0.9993,方法的日内与日间精密度分别低于3%与3.5%,最低检出限(S/N=3)与定量限(以3倍检出限计)分别为0.01和0.03 mg/L。方法简便、快速、灵敏,样品用量少(30 μL奈替米星血浆溶液已能满足该药含量的测定以及药物代谢的研究),为大鼠体内奈替米星的药代动力学研究提供了可靠的分析手段。     

痕量氨基糖和中性单糖的高效毛细管电泳及液相色谱分析

由于糖缀合物具有较弱的紫外吸收,采用了一种与单糖有高反应活性的新型紫外、荧光衍生试剂芴甲氧羰基肼（ＦＭＯＣ－Ｈｙｄｒａｚｉｎｅ）和芴甲氧羰基氯（ＦＭＯＣ－ｃｌ）对单糖进行衍生。利用高效毛细管电泳（ＨＰｃＥ）和液相色谱技术对衍生产物进行了分析。结果表明：以上衍生试剂可用于ｆｍｏｌ级单糖的测定。对单糖的ＨＰＣＥ分离因素进行了详细讨论。     

High performance liquid chromatography for the determination of glucosamine sulfate in human plasma after derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate

In this study, we developed a simple, rapid, sensitive, and reliable method for the determination of glucosamine sulfate in human plasma, which was based on derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC-Cl) followed by reverse-phase HPLC-FLD. For the first time, FMOC-Cl was introduced into derivatization of glucosamine sulfate in human plasma. The amino groups of glucosamine sulfate and vertilmicin sulfate (the internal standard) were trapped with FMOC-Cl to form glucosamine-FMOC-Cl and vertilmicin-FMOC-Cl adducts, which can be very suitable for HPLC-FLD. Precipitation of plasma proteins by acetonitrile was followed by vortex mixing and centrifugation. Chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column (DIAMONSIL 150 x 4 mm id, 5 microm) with a mobile phase gradient consisting of acetonitrile and water at a flow-rate of 1 mL/min. The retention times of glucosamine-FMOC-Cl and vertilmicin-FMOC-Cl adducts were 8.9 and 21.2 min, respectively. This method was shown to be selective and sensitive for glucosamine sulfate. The limit of detection was 15 ng/mL for glucosamine sulfate in plasma and the linear range was 0.1-10 mg/mL in plasma with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9999. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of intra-day and inter-day assays were 5.2-8.1% and 6.1- 8.5%, respectively. Extraction recoveries of glucosamine sulfate in plasma were greater than 90%. The validated method was successfully applied to the determination of glucosamine sulfate in human plasma samples.     

Determination of sulphonamides in animal tissues by high performance liquid chromatography with pre-column derivatization of 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate

A novel approach for simultaneous determination of 12 sulphonamides (sulphadiazine, sulphamethazine, sulphathiazole, sulphadimethoxine, sulphamerazine, sulphapyridine, sulphamethoxazole, suphamethizole, sulphaquinoxaline, sulphameter, sulphamonomethoxine, and sulphachloropyridazine) in animal tissues (swine muscle and liver, chicken muscle, beef muscle) by HPLC with UV detection has been developed. A pre-column derivatization of the sulphonamide compounds with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC-Cl) has been proposed and the reaction conditions have been optimized. The FMOC-sulphonamide derivatives were purified by SPE with silica gel as solid support prior to HPLC separation. The limits of detection for the sulphonamide compounds were greatly improved after the derivatization and purification step for the derivatives. Sulphonamide residues in animal tissues were extracted by acetonitrile and purified by solid phase extraction with C(18) as the solid support. The method developed has high sensitivity and good repeatability, and the average recoveries for most of the sulphonamides at various spiking levels were above 70% with relative standard deviations below 13.7%. The limits of detection for most sulphonamides can reach 3-5 microg/kg.     

Matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction and determination by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection of residues of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in tomato fruit

A method based on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) is described for the quantitative extraction of glyphosate and its major metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) from tomato fruit. After application of 120 microL of HNO3 1M to the sample, the dispersion column was packed with 0.5 g of sample blended into 1 g of NH2-silica. Two aqueous fractions were obtained. First, AMPA was eluted from the column using deionized water (F1), and then a NaH2PO4 0.005 M solution was used for the elution of glyphosate (F2). Cleanup of F1 and F2 was made by ion exchange chromatography on a SAX anion exchange silica. Determination was done by HPLC with fluorescence detection after precolumn derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethylchloroformate (FMOC-Cl). Mean recoveries calculated at fortification levels of 0.5 microg/g for glyphosate and 0.4 microg/g for AMPA were 87% and 78%, respectively. The relative standard deviations (n=7) for the total procedure were 10% and 16%. Detection limits were 0.05 microg/g for glyphosate and 0.03 microg/g for AMPA.     

Influence of complexation phenomena with multivalent cations on the analysis of glyphosate and aminomethyl phosphonic acid in water

Experimental and theoretical influence of multivalent cations on the analysis of glyphosate and aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA) was studied in pure water and in one surface water. The procedure chosen, based on derivatization with FMOC-Cl, HPLC separation, and fluorescence detection, appears highly affected at cations concentrations current in natural waters. A detailed speciation study performed with the VMINTEQ software strongly suggests that the complexes formed between analytes and cations do not dissociate during the reaction and do not react with the derivatization agent, so that only the free forms are derivatized. These results point out the necessity of a pre-treatment to prevent these interferences, even in low salinity waters. The different ways conceivable are discussed in terms of kinetic and thermodynamic considerations.     

Ultratrace-level determination of glyphosate,aminomethylphosphonic acid and glufosinate in natural waters by solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: performance tuning of derivatization,enrichment and detection

A sensitive and robust analytical method for the quantification of glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) and glufosinate in natural water has been developed on the basis of a derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethylchloroformate (FMOC-Cl), solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography followed by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). In order to maximize sensitivity, the derivatization was optimized regarding organic solvent content, amount of FMOC-Cl and reaction time. At an acetonitrile content of 10% a derivatization yield of 100% was reached within two hours in groundwater and surface water samples. After a twofold dilution the low acetonitrile content allowed solid-phase extraction of a sample of originally 80 mL over 200 mg Strata-X cartridges. In order to decrease the load of the LC column and mass spectrometer with derivatization by-products (e.g., 9-fluorenylmethanol FMOC-OH), a rinsing step was performed for the SPE cartridge with dichloromethane. Acidification of the sample and addition of EDTA was used to minimize complexation of the target compounds with metal ions in environmental samples. Due to the large sample volume and the complete FMOC-OH removal, limits of quantification of 0.7 ng/L, 0.8 ng/L and 2.3 ng/L were achieved in surface water for glyphosate, AMPA and glufosinate, respectively. The limits of detection were as low as 0.2 ng/L, 0.2 ng/L and 0.6 ng/L for glyphosate, AMPA and glufosinate, respectively. Surface water and ground water samples spiked at 2 ng/L showed recoveries of 91–107%. Figure LC-MS/MS chromatogram of a water sample from a remote alpine region spiked at 1 ng/L     

Quantification of fudosteine in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry employing precolumn derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate

This paper describes a novel method for the sensitive and selective determination of fudosteine in human plasma. The method involves a derivatization step with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC-Cl) in borate buffer and detection based on high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/MS). After acetonitrile-induced protein precipitation of plasma samples, fudosteine was derivatized with FMOC-Cl, then extracted by ethyl acetate, evaporated, reconstituted and injected using an LC/ESI/MS instrument. Separation was achieved using an ODS column and isocratic elution. Excellent linearity was obtained for the entire calibration range from 0.05 to 20 microg/ml. Validation assays of the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) as well as for the intra- and inter-batch precision and accuracy met the international acceptance criteria for bioanalytical method validation. Using the developed analytical method, fudosteine could be detected for the first time in human plasma with a low limit of detection (LLOD) of 0.03 microg/ml. The proposed method has been successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetics of fudosteine in healthy Chinese volunteers after single and multiple oral administration.