离心沉淀气相色谱法测定面粉中过氧化苯甲酰含量的研究

建立了离心沉淀,气相色谱氢火焰离子化检测器测定面粉中过氧化苯甲酰含量的方法。考察了不同提取时间和采用不同工作曲线对过氧化苯甲酰测定的影响。试样在石油醚中被冰乙酸还原成苯甲酸,经HP-5（30m×0．25mm×0．25μm）毛细管气相色谱柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器测定。方法的线性范围为0．005～0．08g／L（r=0．9992）,检出限（S／N=3）为2mg／kg。在添标水平为0．06、0．18和0．30g／kg时的平均回收率为82．70％～89．46％,相对标准偏差为3．77％～6．93％。该方法仪器设备简单,测定结果灵敏、准确,适合面粉中过氧化苯甲酰的测定。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定小麦粉中的过氧化苯甲酰

在国标GB／T18415—2001的基础上,以OV-1701石英毛细管柱为分析柱、氢火焰离子化检测器为检测器,采用气相色谱法测定小麦粉中的过氧化苯甲酰。小麦粉中过氧化苯甲酰测量结果的相对标准偏差小于1.1％,加标回收率为96．5％～101．0％,检出限为10μg／mL,样品分析时间约为20min。与国标方法相比,该法不仅缩短了检测时间,而且提高了检测灵敏度。     

高效液相法测定面粉中的过氧化苯甲酰

 报道了测定面粉中过氧化苯甲酰含量的一种改进方法。面粉直接以石油醚萃取 ,采用Shim PackVP ODS柱 (0 46cmi d × 1 5cm ,5μm～ 6μm) ,以乙腈 体积分数为 0 3 %的磷酸水溶液 (体积比为 4∶1 )为流动相 ,流速1 0mL/min ,检测波长 2 36nm。在此条件下 ,过氧化苯甲酰和苯甲酸的质量浓度分别和其峰面积呈良好的线性关系 ,过氧化苯甲酰的线性范围为 0 0 0 2 g/L～ 0 0 1 2 g/L(r =0 9995) ,最小检测量为 0 0 0 5g/kg;苯甲酸的线性范围为 0 0 0 2g/L～ 0 0 1 2g/L (r =0 9993) ,最小检测量为 0 0 1g/kg。     

二阶导数紫外分光光度法测定面粉中的过氧化苯甲酰

用铁粉与盐酸反应产生的原子态氢将面粉中的过氧化苯甲酰还原成苯甲酸,用乙醚提取,采用二阶导数紫外分光光度法测定其含量,过氧化苯甲酰的检出限是1．0μg/mL,回收率为94％～106％,其测量精密度优于国家标准GB／T5009—1996色谱法,与校正曲线法相当。     

双波长K系数法同时测定食品中山梨酸和苯甲酸

本文采用双波长K系数法同时测定食品中山梨酸和苯甲酸。山梨酸和苯甲酸的线性范围分别为0～10mg／L、0～40mg／L；样品测定的精密度分别为1．3％～3．7％和1．4％～4．4％；样品加标回收率分别为96．3％～98．7％和96％～102．2％。本法快速、简便、可靠。     

流动注射在线预富集-高效液相色谱法测定四种硝基类化合物

建立了以香烟过滤嘴纤维作吸附剂,在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱（SPE—HPLC）测定水中邻硝基苯甲酸、对硝基苯胺、邻硝基苯酚、3-氯硝基苯四种硝基类化合物的方法。邻硝基苯甲酸、对硝基苯胺、邻硝基苯酚、3-氯硝基苯分别在0．006～4．80、0．003～2．40、0．002～1．60、0．002～1．60mg／L范围内峰面积与浓度呈线性关系,相关系数分别为0．9994、0．9996、0．9997和0．9996;检出限（S／N=3）分别为1．0、0．8、0．6,0．6μg／L;富集倍数分别为28．2、176．6、172．1、153．3。该法用于河水中四种硝基类化合物的测定,回收率为85．41％～116．44％,相对标准偏差在1．1％～5．4％范围内。     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾三级四极杆质谱测定鸡肉组织中氯霉素残留的研究

建立了鸡肉组织中氯霉素残留的液相色谱-电喷雾质谱联用(LC—ESI—MS—MS)测定法。采用微量化前处理方法,省去固相萃取步骤,以m／z321．0为母离子,m／z152．1、257．0和194．1为子离子,采用多反应监测(MRM)负离子模式对鸡肉组织中的氯霉素残留进行检测、方法的检出限为0．010μg／kg(S／N≥3),定量下限为0．10μg／kg,线性范围为0．100～1．00μg／L,加标回收率为74．3％～84．0％,相对标准偏差(n=6)为7．9％～12．7％。该法具有操作简便、有机试剂消耗量少、测定周期短等优点。     

柱后光化学反应荧光检测高效液相色谱法测定茶叶中的五种菊酯类农药残留

建立了柱后光化学反应荧光检测高效液相色谱法测定茶叶中菊酯类农药残留的方法。采用Hypersil ODS色谱柱，以乙腈／水为流动相、梯度洗脱进行分离。用自制的光化学反应器作为荧光衍生装置，优化了柱后光化学反应的实验条件，并用于茶叶样品中菊酯类农药残留的测定。方法的检出限为0．012～0．048μg／g(干重)；线性范围0．040～8．0μg／g，相对标准偏差3．4％～6．4％(0．1mg／L，n=8)。     

30％毒死蜱微乳剂在甘蓝及土壤中的残留动态研究

利用气相色谱（配FPD检测器）分析测定了30％毒死蜱微乳剂在甘蓝和土壤中的残留消解动态和最终残留量。毒死蜱色谱峰面积与质量浓度在0．01～0．5mg／L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数,为0．9992。甘蓝和土壤中毒死蜱的最低检出浓度均为0．005mg／kg,在0．01,0．02,0．1mg／kg3个添加水平下,甘蓝及土壤中毒死蜱的平均回收率分别为80．1％～96．4％和82．1％-98．7％,变异系数分别为1．2％～5．0％和2．5％-3-3％（n=10）。残留消解动态的结果表明：毒死蜱在甘蓝中的半衰期为5．8～10．5d,在土壤中的半衰期为8．0～10．5d。毒死蜱在收获期甘蓝及土壤中最终残留量均低于我国规定的限量值（1．0mg／kg）。     

阻抑速差催化光度法测定痕量色氨酸和酪氨酸

研究了色氨酸、酪氨酸在硫酸环境中抑制碘对亚砷酸与硫酸铈氧化还原反应的催化作用及动力学条件。在0．001mol／L Ce(SO4)2,0．00125mol／L As2O3,0．013mg／L KI,0．025g／L和0．25g／L NaCl溶液中测定色氨酸和酪氨酸,其线性范围分别为0．0～0．65mg／L,0．0～4．0mg／L和0．0～1．3mg／L。0．10～4．0mg／L,用联立方程分别求出各自含量。用此法对醇溶蛋白质和混合氨基酸溶液中色氨酸和酪氨酸进行测定,混合氨基酸的色氨酸、酪氨酸测量值为0．8037g／L,3．591g/L;蛋白质的色氨酸、酪氨酸测量值为1．8g/kg、3．43g/kg;回收率在88％～109％;色氨酸和酪氨酸的RSD分别为4．8％和5．2％,结果满意。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。