碱式氯化镁5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·3H2O的制备与表征

以氨水和盐湖盛产的水氯镁石为原料经过两步反应制备碱式氯化镁.第一步,水氯镁石和氨水反应制备氢氧化镁;第二步,利用氢氧化镁和水氯镁石,通过水热反应得到了具有纤维形貌、结晶较好的碱式氯化镁.应用化学分析、XRD、SEM和FIIR等手段对产物进行测试与表征.化学分析结果表明产物组成为5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·3H2O.将得到的5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·3H2O和碱式氯化镁系列标准XRD图对照,未有较好的匹配,且结合化学分析和已报道碱式硫酸镁具有5Mg(OH)2·MgSO4·3H2O物相,因而推测其为新物相;SEM图中5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·3H2O纤维直径约为0.4μm,平均长度大于24 μm,长径比大于60;FTIR图谱中3419 cm-1附近出现了氢键的O-H伸缩振动吸收峰,1635 cm-1附近出现了游离水中H-O-H的弯曲振动吸收峰.水热合成的5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·3H2O和常压下的产物相比直径较小,晶形更完整,强度更高.     

X射线内标法测定氯氧镁水泥中的相含量

1引言 氯氧镁水泥(以下简称镁水泥),又称索瑞尔水泥(Sorel)[1],是由活性MgO、MgCl2和水形成的气硬性材料.镁水泥初期的相主要是相5(5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O)和相3(3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O).这两种相均不很稳定,受大气中CO2的作用而碳化为新相2(2MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·6H2O)[2].中期的镁水泥样品中会出现相2.在室外的镁水泥样品会受到CO2和水的双重作用.CO2的碳化和水的溶解浸蚀协同作用会使相2继续发生转化,最终会生成稳定相4(4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·4H2O),即水菱镁矿[3],也可能有MgCO3生成(相1).所以后期的镁水泥室外样品是含有相4和相1这两种稳定相的.     

NH4+-Mg2+-pO3-4-H+-H2O体系的优势区相图

通过优势区相图的构建对NH4+-Mg2+-PO43-H+-H2O体系的热力学平衡关系进行了研究.在不同镁、磷物质的量比和离子强度的条件下绘制了lgCT,Mg-lgC,T,P和lgCT,p-pH相图,确定了MgNH4PO4·6H2O、Mg3(PO4)2· 8H2O、MgHPO4· 3H2O和Mg(OH)2的热力学稳定区.结果表明,在相当广的pH范围内,MgNH4PO4·6H2O和Mg3(PO4)2·8H2O都是主要存在的固相;在较低pH和较高磷浓度的条件下,MgNH4PO4·6H2O和MgHPO4· 3H2O可以共存;而MgNH4PO4·6H2O和Mg(OH)2在碱性条件下更为稳定.当MgNH4PO4·6H2O、Mg3(PO4)2· 8H2O与液相共存、pH=9.08～9.52时,溶液总氮浓度达到最低值.lgCT,Mg-lgCT,P和lgCT,P-pH相图可以用于指导磷酸铵镁的沉淀-溶解平衡过程,有利于废水中氨氮的脱除和回收.     

298.16K时Na~ ,Mg~(2 )//Cl~-,SO_4~(2-),NO_3~-,H_2O体系中NaCl饱和区域相平衡

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了五元体系Na ,Mg2 //Cl-,SO42-,NO3-,H2O在298.16K下氯化钠饱和平衡体系的溶解度,获得了相应的投影干盐图、氯图和水图.研究结果表明,在298·16K下氯化钠饱和时,该五元体系投影干盐图由8个二盐共饱和的双变面、13条三盐共饱的单变线和6个四盐共饱的零变点构成,存在两种复盐,8个二盐共饱双变面分别对应于NaCl NaNO3,NaCl Na2SO4,NaCl MgCl2·6H2O,NaCl MgSO4·Na2SO4·4H2O,NaCl Mg(NO3)2·6H2O,NaCl NaNO3·Na2SO4·2H2O,NaCl MgSO4·7H2O和NaCl MgSO4·(1~6)H2O.讨论了该相图在新疆硝酸盐矿开发利用过程中的应用.     

298.16K下K+,Mg2+//Cl-,NO-3-H2O体系液固相平衡

采用等温溶解平衡法研究298.16K时四元体系K+,Mg2+//Cl-,NO-3-H2O的液固相平衡关系,测定了溶解度数据,并绘制出平衡相图.研究表明,在298.16K时,该体系相图有5个单盐结晶区、6条单变量溶解度曲线和3个零变量点.5个单盐结晶区分别对应于KNO3、KCl、Mg(NO3)2·6H2O、MgCl2O和复盐KCI·MgCl2·6H2O,其中KNO3的结晶区最大,MgCl2·6H2O的结晶区最小.     

FORMATION MECHANISM ON PHASE 5 AND PHASE 3

From the viewpoint of crystallography and thermodynamics the formation and phase-transformation reaction of phase 5[Mg,(OH)5Cl·4H2O] and phase 3[Mg2(OH)3Cl·4H2O] as a major resultant for the hardening reaction of magnesium oxychloride cement have been systematically investigated. It is recognized that the formation of phase 5 and phase 3 is mainly controlled by the molar ratio of MgO, MgCl2, and H2O in the initial reaction mixture. Phase 5 and phase 3 are formed by the reaction between MgO or Mg2+ dissolved out from MgO and the aqueous solution of MgCl2. In the system of MgO-MgCl2-H2O both phase 5 and phase 3 are metastable phases, and under given conditions phase 5 may transform into phase 3 and the latter also into Mg(OH)2.     

Chemistry of borate in salt lake brine (XXXIV) ——Phase diagram of thermodynamic nonequilibrium state of MgO-B_2O_3-18%MgCl_2-H_2O system at 20℃

The crystallization processes of hydrated Mg-borates, boric, magnesium hydroxide and Mg-oxychloride from MgO-B2O3-18%MgCl2-H2O supersaturated solution at 20℃ have been studied by kinetic method. The crystallization solid phases were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, IR spectra, thermal analysis and chemical analysis. The liquid-solid phase diagram of ther-modynamic nonequilibrium state has been given. In this phase diagram, there exist eight crystallization fields, boric acid(H3BO3), trigomagneborite(MgO · 3B2O3 · 7.5H2O, MgO · 3B2O3 · 7H2O), hungchaoite(MgO ·2B2O3 ·9H2O), inderite(2MgO ·3B2O3 · 15H2O), chloropinnoite(2MgO ·2B2O3 · MgCl2 · 14H2O), magnesium hydroxide(Mg(OH)2) and magnesium oxychloride (5Mg(OH)2 · MgCl2·8H2O).     

MgO-B_2O_3-28%MgCl_2-H_2O体系0℃热力学非平衡态相图

采用结晶动力学方法对MgO-B2O3-28%MgCl2-H2O体系0℃时过饱和溶液的结晶过程进行了研究,结晶析出固相通过化学分析确定了组成,并用X-射线粉末衍射和红外光谱等对其进行了表征。给出了该体系0℃时的热力学非平衡态相图。该相图有4个相区,分别与H3BO3、MgO·3B2O3·7.5H2O、2MgO·2B2O3·MgCl2·14H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O相对应。     

Synthesis via Precursor Method and Shape Evolution of Basic Magnesium Carbonate

Basic magnesium carbonate(4 MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·4 H2 O) with spherical-like structure was synthesized through precursors thermal decomposition. The precursor of magnesium carbonate trihydrates(MgCO3·3 H2 O) was synthesized by brine and ammonium bicarbonate, and the thermal decomposition conditions were investigated in detail. The obtained particulate was characterized using SEM, XRD and laser particle analyzer. The result showed that it was easy to obtain spherical-like 4 MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·4 H2 O by precursor thermal decomposition at 80~100 ℃ with thermal decomposition time 90 min, stirring time 15 min and the liquid initial concentration 0.1 mol/L, while rod-like 4 MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·4 H2 O with a surface of "house of card" structure was more likely to be obtained at low temperature(55 ℃), and rosette-like products were obtained at a little higher temperature(80 ℃) by direct synthesis.     

Mg2+,K+//Cl-,B4O2-7-H2O四元体系288 K固液相平衡

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了288 K时Mg2+,K+//Cl-,B4O2-7-H2O四元体系的相平衡关系,测定该体系在288 K时平衡液相的溶解度和密度.依据实验测定的平衡溶解度数据及对应的平衡固相,绘制了该四元体系的平衡相图以及其密度-组成图.研究结果表明,四元体系Mg2+,K+//Cl-,B4O2-7-H2O 288 K时的固液相平衡实验中,有复盐KCI·MgCl2·6H2O生成,平衡相图中有3个共饱点,7条单变量曲线,5个结晶区,对应的平衡固相分别为MgB4O7·9H2O,K2B4O7·4H2O,KCl,MgCl2·6H2O,KCl·Mgcl2·6H2O.简要讨论了实验结果.     

库水硼镁石2MgO.3B2O3.15H2O的65-310K间的比热测定及其热力学性质的计算

用真空绝热量热计测定了库水硼镁石2MgO.3B2O3.15H2O在65-310K间的比热.根据Debye-Einsein函数组合式, 计算了0-65K间的比热, 其误差为0.4%.在65-310K范围内, 每隔5K, 计算了熵、焓和自由能函数.     

Li2SO4-K2SO4-MgSO4-H2O体系及次级体系298.15K时的热化学研究

用连续滴定量热法研究Li2SO4-K2SO4-MgSO4-H2O体系及次级体系Li2SO4-K2SO40H2O、Li2SO4-MgSO4-H2O和K2SO4-MgSO4-H2O 298.15K时在离子强度为15-0.1范围内的比热容和稀释热, 并结合Debye-Huckel焓极限公式研究离子强度在15-0.0001范围内的表观摩尔焓。     

盐卤硼酸盐化学XVII.MgO-B~2O~3-28%MgCl~2-H~2O体系20℃热力学非平衡态液固相关系研究

用动力学方法对MgO.nB~2O~3在28%MgCl~2-H~2O浓盐溶液中形成的过饱和溶液的结晶过程进行研究, 首次得到MgO-B~2O~3-MgCl~2-H~2O体系过饱和区内的液固相关系图, 即热力学非平衡态液固相关系图。该相图有六个相区: H~3BO~3,MgO.3B~2O~3.7.5H~2O, MgO.3B~2O~3.7H~2O, 2MgO.2B~2O~3.MgCl~2.14H~2O,3Mg(OH)~2.MgCl~2.8H~2O和5Mg(OH)~2.MgCl~2.8H~2O。拟合得到各结晶过程的动力学方程, 同时对结晶机制进行了探讨。     

2MgO·2B2O3·MgCl2·14H2O在60℃水中的溶解及相转化动力学研究

用动力学方法研究了２ＭｇＯ·２Ｂ２Ｏ３·ＭｇＣｌ２·１４Ｈ２Ｏ在６０℃水中的溶解及相转化过程．通过对不同时间取出液相的化学分析及不同阶段分离出固相所作鉴定结果表明：该复盐呈不同步溶解,中间产物是ＭｇＯ·Ｂ２Ｏ３·４Ｈ２Ｏ和Ｍｇ（ＯＨ）２,最终转化产物是柱硼镁石（ＭｇＯ·Ｂ２Ｏ３·３Ｈ２Ｏ）．提出了溶解及相转化机理,给出了溶解和转化结晶动力学方程     

盐卤硼酸盐化学XIII;2MgO.2B2O3. Mgcl2.14H2O结晶动力学研究

本发明对MgO-B2O-MgCl2-H2O浓盐溶液结晶析出氯柱硼镁石(αMgO,αB2O3MgCl.14H2O)的动力学过程进行了研究, 利用单纯形优化法配合Runge-Kutta微分方程组数值解法对实验数据进行处理, 给出了结晶动力学方程, 并对硼在溶液中的存在形式进行了讨论, 提出了结晶反应机理, 同时考察了温度和氯化镁浓度对结晶速率的影响。     

Mg2+, K+//Cl-, B4O2-7-H2O四元体系288 K固液相平衡

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了288 K时Mg2+, K+//Cl-, B4O2-7-H2O四元体系的相平衡关系, 测定该体系在288 K时平衡液相的溶解度和密度. 依据实验测定的平衡溶解度数据及对应的平衡固相, 绘制了该四元体系的平衡相图以及其密度-组成图. 研究结果表明, 四元体系Mg2+, K+//Cl-, B4O2-7-H2O 288 K时的固液相平衡实验中, 有复盐KCl·MgCl2·6H2O生成, 平衡相图中有3个共饱点, 7条单变量曲线, 5个结晶区, 对应的平衡固相分别为MgB4O7·9H2O, K2B4O7·4H2O, KCl, MgCl2·6H2O, KCl·MgCl2·6H2O. 简要讨论了实验结果.     

模拟合成盐卤与盐酸反应的热化学研究

青藏高原新类型盐湖卤水日晒蒸发过程中硼酸盐在浓缩卤水中富集L‘。，我们在前又问中曾报道天然浓缩盐卤中硼酸盐是以“四硼酸盐”的综合统计形式存在，当盐卤浓缩到氯化镁共饱和时，可视为MgO－BZO3－MgC12－HZO四元体系中的一个特定的膺三元体系MgO·2B2O3－MgC12－H。O．该四元体系20oC热力学非平衡态液固相图问与25oC热力学平衡态相图＊存在较大差别．由于聚合翻氧配阴离子的存在，使得对含棚浓缩盐卤的研究变得复杂而困难＊．李积才等“～SJ对合成盐卤的稀释热和表观摩尔热径进行过测定，李军间在对多种水合硼酸盐在盐酸中…     

H2 and Cl2 production in the radiolysis of calcium and magnesium chlorides and hydroxides

The production of H2 has been examined in the gamma-ray and 5 MeV He ion radiolysis of CaCl2.2H2O, CaCl2.6H2O, Ca(OH)2, MgCl2.2H2O, MgCl2.6H2O, and Mg(OH)2. The highest yield for the formation of H2 is observed in the gamma-radiolysis of MgCl2.2H2O (0.72 molecule/(100 eV), 75 nmol/J), but the yield decreases with dose due to the relative instability of the dihydrate. The H2 yields with the other compounds range from 0.04 to 0.2 molecule/(100 eV) (4.2-21 nmol/J), which is lower than that from pure water or 2 M chloride solutions. There appears to be no relationship between the results for H2 from waters of hydration with that from aqueous salt brines. No particular trend is observed in the radiation chemical yields of H2 with respect to the cation or the degree of hydration. The production of Cl2 is found only in the gamma-radiolysis of CaCl2 with a few weight percent of excess water. No Cl2 was found in the 5 MeV He ion radiolysis of identical systems. None of the other compounds examined here showed detectable amounts of Cl2 formation.