稀土氧化物中微量钙的分光光度测定

关于微量钙的测定国内外亦有不少报导,特别是随着稀土金属的广泛应用对于稀土中微量钙的测定尤为重要。例如,日本对彩色电视机用氧化钇的成分,在1970年规定其氧化钇含量最低不少于99.9％,其主要杂质钙要求小于10ppm。而到1979年,则要求氧化钇含量不少于99.99％,钙要求小于7ppm。目前对稀土氧化物中微量钙的测定大多是采用原子吸收法和火焰光度法。利用化学分析法进行测定的主要加有乙二醛缩双法(GBHA法),但此法的稳定性较差。为此,通过试验我们拟定了稀土氧化物中微量钙的偶氮胂(Ⅰ)分光光度测定法。采用在pH=9-10时,用氨水和铜试剂沉淀     

凝胶过滤-原子吸收光谱法在研究照相明胶中的应用

照相明胶中的微量金属元素对卤化银乳剂的性能有多方面的影响,所以研究照相明胶中金属杂质的总量,以及它们的化学形态对改善乳剂质量和生产优质照相明胶具有重要意义。本文以明胶中钙的测定为例探讨了凝胶过滤─-火焰原子吸收法在研究照相明胶中金属形态的特点,并且提出了不经消化或水解而用火焰原子吸收法直接测定明胶中钙的方法。     

用钙离子选择电极测定矿物包体中微量钙

包体是矿物形成过程中被捕获的成矿介质。包体气、液相成份的分析对普查矿床以及成矿机理的研究有一定的指导意义。目前,定量分离和提取包体中液相组份多采用研磨-电渗析法和研磨-提取过滤法,用原子吸收法和光谱法测定钙,这两种方法均较繁琐。本文提出研磨-离子交换法定量分离提取石英包体中微量钙,随后在三乙醇胺-盐酸介质中用钙电极测定获得了满意的结果,可检测ppm级的钙。本法较为简便、快速、灵敏、准确,亦适于野外分析。所测结果与原子吸收法相符。     

空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收法测定钨酸铵中微量钙和镁

钨制品中微量钙和镁的测定多数采用发射光谱法,也有用原子吸收法测定钨精矿中钙和三氧化钨中镁,用分光光度法往往需要分离富集,操作繁琐。本文建立了用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收法测定钨酸铵中镁和钙的灵敏而简便的方法。研究了钨对钙的干扰机理及其消除方法,采用2mg/ml锶作为干扰抑制剂,消除共存离子的干扰,所拟定的方法用于样品分析获得满意结果。实验部分     

偶氮氯膦Ⅰ光度法测定铅钙锡铝合金中微量钙

铅钙锡铝合金广泛应用于全密封免维护铅蓄电池极板的生产.铅钙锡铝合金中微量钙的测定有汞分离EDTA容量法、氯化铅-铜试剂分离EDTA容量法等.本文研究了用偶氮氯膦Ⅰ(CPAⅠ)光度法测定铅钙锡铝合金中的微量钙,在测定条件下,合金元素锡、铅分别以β-偏锡酸和硫酸铅沉淀分离,共存元素用三乙醇胺、邻菲罗啉掩蔽.测定结果的准确度和精密度令人满意.     

悬浮进样阻抑火焰原子吸收光谱法测定甘薯粉条中的微量铝

本文利用铝对钙吸收的阻抑效应,建立了悬浮进样-火焰原子吸收光谱法快速测定甘薯粉条中微量铝的方法。结果表明,当底液中的钙为20.0μg/mL时,测定铝的线性范围是0.5~8.0μg/mL,检出限为0.25μg/mL。本法用于三种不同粉条中铝的测定,相对标准偏差为0.7%~1.9%,加标回收率为95%~104%。     

原子吸收光谱法同时测定铅钙锡铝合金中钙和锡

铅钙锡铝合金广泛用于全密封免维护铅蓄电池极板的生产。合金中微量钙的测定有汞分离ＥＤＴＡ容量法[1] ,氯化铅 铜试剂分离ＥＤＴＡ容量法[2 ] ,原子吸收光谱法[3 ] 。锡的测定通常采用邻苯二酚紫 十六烷基三甲基溴化铵吸光光度法[4 ] 。而用原子吸收光谱法测定铅钙锡铝合金中钙和锡的方法还未见报道。科研所研制生产的铅钙锡铝合金中含钙0 0 75 %～ 0 .12 % ,含锡 0 .4 %～ 0 .6 % ,含铝 0 .0 2 %～ 0 .0 3% ,余量为铅。本文用原子吸收光谱法同时测定其中的钙和锡 ,吸收波长分别为 4 2 2 .7和2 86 3ｎｍ。为了防止铅钙锡铝合金中锡水…     

甘薯中微量钙铁的原子吸收分光光度法测定

研究了用原子吸收分光光度法测定甘薯中的微量钙、铁的含量；采用高温灰化法对样品进行处理，并对40多种不同品种和不同种植地区的甘薯进行了实样测定和含量差异比较；对9个样品进行钙和铁的加标回收试验，测定的回收率在91％－107％之间，相对标准偏差RSD（n=9)分别为4．6％、5．4％，结果令人满意。     

微量硼的测定方法研究进展

综述了测定微量、痕量硼的各种方法,如分光光度法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法等方法的特点,并说明了其测定微量硼的应用领域.并对微量硼的测定技术进行了展望.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定工业废水中铅锌镉

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定微量铅、锌、镉的报道较多,该法用于工业废水的测定,可实现连续分析,成本低、操作简单,能快速准确地得到测定结果,可及时有效地进行监控。经石灰、片碱处理后的工业废水中含高钠、钙等碱土金属、碱金属等离子,用火焰原子吸收光谱法直接测定此废水中铅、锌、镉的报道不多。     

Investigation of the sorption of water vapor on cation-substituted vermiculite. 2. Thermodynamic description of sorption equilibria

The changes in the thermodynamic functions of the sorbents were calculated for the first time from measurements of the deformations of vermiculite during the sorption of water vapor and adsorption-calorimetric data.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Institute of Colloid Chemistry and the Chemistry of Water, Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, 252180 Kiev. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1270–1275, June, 1992.     

Thermodynamics of ionization of water over wide ranges of temperature and pressure

We have summarized results of many experimental investigations of the thermodynamics of ionization of H₂O(liq.) from 0–300°C and from 1.0 atm to nearly 8000 atm. Results of these investigations (equilibrium constants, enthalpies of ionization, heat capacities, partial molal volumes, and compressibilities) have been used for a number of thermodynamic calculations. It is particularly noteworthy that it is possible to use thermal data from 0–145°C with an equilibrium constant for 25°C in calculating reasonably accurate equilibrium constants for temperatures as high as 300°C. Similarly, it is possible to use volumetric data that refer to 1.0 atm in calculating useful equilibrium constants that apply for pressures as high as 2000 atm.Much of the work reported here was done while the author was on leave at the University of Lethbridge.     

Thermodynamics of lonization of aqueous lodic acid,an “almost-strong” electrolyte

We have made calorimetric measurements of enthalpies of dilution of aqueous iodic acid and have used these results for evaluation of the standard enthalpy of ionization of HIO₃(aq.). We have also made calorimetric measurements of enthalpies of addition of perchloric acid solution to aqueous solutions of KIO₃, KNO₃, NaIO₃, and NaNO₃ and have used these results to obtain further values for the standard enthalpy of ionization of HIO₃(aq.). On the basis of all these results, we have selected H^o=–660±125 cal-mole^–1 as the best available standard enthalpy of ionization of HIO₃(aq.) at 298.15°K, compared to the previously accepted –2400 cal-mole^–1. Using the best available K=0.157 for ionization, we also obtain G^o=1097 cal-mole^–1 and S^o=–5.9 cal-^oK^–1-mole^–1 for ionization of HIO₃(aq) at 298.15°K.On study leave from Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia, to University of Lethbridge.On study leave from Department of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, N.S.W. 2500, Australia, to University of Lethbridge.     

Thermodynamics of vaporization of gallium trichloride

The unsaturated and saturated pressures of gallium trichloride vapor were measured by the static method with membrane-gauge manometers in wide pressure (0.2–760 Torr) and temperature (313–1071 K) intervals. Scanning calorimetry was used to determine the thermodynamic characteristics of GaCl₃ fusion. The thermodynamic characteristics were obtained for sublimation, fusion, vaporization, and association in the vapor of GaCl₃ molecules. The enthalpies of formation and the absolute entropies of GaCl₃ in the liquid and gaseous phases and Ga₂Cl₆ in the gaseous phase were calculated using literature data. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1266–1269, July, 2007.     

锌在植物中的形态及生理作用机理研究进展

对锌在植物中的形态及锌在植物生理过程中的作用机理进行了综述和讨论,表明锌对碳水化合物代谢,蛋白质代谢,植物生长素代谢及细胞膜的功能和结构有很大影响。此外,锌与植物病害也有很大关系。     

Relation between characteristic adsorption energy and internal pressure in the theory of volume filling of micropores

An equation for the internal pressure acting on an adsorbate in micropores was obtained on the basis of the assumption that the chemical potential of an adsorbate in micropores is equal to that in an equilibrium gas phase and using the Dubinin-Radushkevich equation. The empirical relation between the characteristic adsorption energy and the half width of pores was expressed in terms of internal pressure and diameter of adsorbate molecules. The two-dimensional pressure was calculated for micropores with plane-parallel walls, where the width of a micropore coincides with the diameter of an adsorbate molecule. The results obtained were compared with the two-dimensional pressure of a monolayer on a free planar surface for an adsorbate and adsorbent of the same nature.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 1928–1930, October, 1995.     

Effect of specific adsorption of anions on the kinetics of the current relaxation after pulsed anodic activation of dissolution of hydrophilic metals

Based on the model of spatial separation of the dissolution and passivation of hydrophilic metals, the effect of strong specific adsorption of anions on the shape of curves for the relaxation of anodic current of metals in acid solutions after switching an anodic activation pulse off is considered by using iron as an example.     

Thermochemistry of aqueous solutions of alkylated nucleic acid bases. VIII. Enthalpies of hydration of 6-alkyluracils

Enthalpies of solution in water H _sol ^o and enthalpies of sublimation H _sub ^o were determined for a number of crystalline derivatives of uracil: 1,6-dimethyluracil (m ₂ ^1,6 Ura), 1,3,6-trimethyluracil (m ₃ ^1,3,6 Ura), 6-ethyl-1,3-dimethyluracil (e⁶m ₂ ^1,3 Ura), 6-propyl-1,3-dimethyluracil (pr⁶m ₂ ^1,3 Ura) and 6-butyl-1,3-dimethyluracil (but⁶m ₂ ^1,3 Ura). Standard enthalpies of hydration H _hydr ^o and standard enthalpies of interaction H _int ^o of the solutes with their hydration shells were calculated. The data obtained show that dependence of H _int ^o on the number of-CH₂- groups of n-alkyl chain added upon substitution of diketopyrimidine ring is nonlinear. This finding is discussed in connection with results of X-ray diffraction structure determinations for the crystalline compounds.     

Molecular Modelling of Thermodynamic and Related Properties of Mixtures

The results of recent developments on modelling of supramolecular ordering and physicochemical properties of molecular mixtures have been reviewed. The main attention is paid to the unified approach based on a generalized quasichemical model for a set of thermodynamic, dielectric and optical properties of mixtures, self-organized by specific bonding. Interrelations between thermodynamic, as well as dielectric, and optical properties of liquid mixtures, reflecting different molecular parameters, and the characteristics of quasichemical processes are presented. Applications for thermodynamic functions of mixing, permittivity, coefficients Rayleigh light scattering in molecular mixtures are considered. Data on thermodynamics of aggregation in mixtures have been obtained. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Thermochemistry of aqueous solutions of alkylated nucleic acid bases V. Enthalpies of hydration of N-methylated adenines

Enthalpies of solution in water, H _sol ^o , and of sublimation, H _subl ^o , were determined experimentally for a number of crystalline N-methyl adenines: m⁶Ade, m ₂ ^6,6 Ade, m⁹Ade, m ₂ ^6,9 Ade, and m ₃ ^6,6,9 Ade. Derived standard enthalpies of hydration H _hydr ^o , were corrected for the calculated cavity terms H _cav ^o to yield enthalpies of interaction H _int ^o of the solutes with their hydration shells. The increments of H _int ^o per unit area of the water-accessible molecular surface S _B , H _int ^o (CH₃)/S _B (CH₃), for the particular methyl groups: is considered to be the net effect of the gain in the energy resulting from van der Waals' interactions and of the loss in the energy due to polar interactions upon methyl substitution. It proved to vary somewhat numerically in agreement with the theoretically predicted hydration schemes of adenine. Comparison of H _int ^o /S _B value for adenine with those previously determined for uracil and thymine indicates that the aminopurine moiety is less hydrated than the diketopyrimidine ring.