Mesoporous inorganic salts with crystal defects: unusual catalysts and catalyst supports

We proposed a strategy to synthesize mesoporous inorganic salt particles using the special properties of ionic liquid (IL) mixtures, and hollow mesoporous LaF₃, NdF₃, and YF₃ particles were synthesized and characterized using different techniques. The size of the mesopores in the salt particles was about 4 nm, and the materials were full of crystal defects. The LaF₃, NdF₃ and YF₃ particles were used as the catalysts for the cyanosilylation reaction of benzaldehyde using trimethylsilyl cyanide, and Ru/LaF₃ and Ru/NdF₃, in which Ru nanocatalysts were supported on the LaF₃ and NdF₃ particles with mesopores, were used to catalyze hydrogenations of benzene to cyclohexane and levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). It was discovered that the activities of these catalysts were unprecedentedly high for these reactions. Detailed study showed that both the crystal defects and the mesopores in the salt particles played crucial roles for the extremely high catalytic activity.     

约束优化的一个改进的强次可行SQP算法及数值试验

本文对约束优化一个强次可行SQP算法进行改进,使之产生的迭代点在有限次迭代后全落入可行域;并对算法数值效果进行了大量的比较试验.     

水浴加热密闭溶样石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定化探样品中的痕量金

以王水、氟化钾、Fe3+溶液为溶剂,对化探样品进行水浴加热分解1.5 h,经泡沫塑料吸附后,于90℃以上硫脲溶液中解吸20 min,然后采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪测定其中的金含量。对仪器分析条件进行了优化。金的质量分数在0.1~100.0 ng/g范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性,线性相关系数r2=0.999 3,检出限为0.100 ng/g。该方法对金标准物质测定结果的相对标准偏差为5.96%~9.25%(n=12),对国家一级标准物质进行分析,测定结果与标准值相符合。该方法满足1∶50 000化探样品中痕量金的分析要求。     

氘核削裂反应理论研究及其进展

氘核削裂反应作为单核子转移反应的一种,在原子核的单粒子结构研究中一直起着重要的作用。同时,作为典型的三体核反应,它也是直接核反应理论研究的一个重要研究对象。本文简述了氘核削裂反应的研究历史,侧重介绍其反应理论的演进,以及平面波玻恩近似(Plane Wave Born Approximation,PWBA)、扭曲波玻恩近似(Distorted Wave Born Approximation,DWBA)、连续态离散化耦合道理论(Continuum Discretized Coupled Channels,CDCC)、绝热波近似理论(Adiabatic Wave Approximation,ADWA)和法捷耶夫方程组(Faddeev equations)方法之间的差别与联系。本文讨论了当前及未来氘核削裂反应理论研究的若干热点问题,包括中高能条件下的氘核削裂反应、转移到剩余核连续态的理论、色散光学势以及非定域光学势在氘核削裂反应中的应用等。本文展示了我们对中高能条件下的氘核削裂反应理论计算的一些初步成果。     

流动注射双安培法测定多巴胺

通过偶合多巴胺在铂电极上的氧化和高锰酸钾在铂电极上的还原,建立了一个不施加电压的条件下的流动注射双安培法直接测定多巴胺的新方法。以0.05 mol/L硫酸为载液,多巴胺的氧化峰电流与其浓度在0.8~160 mg/L范围内呈线性关系,线性回归方程为i(nA)=652.9C-239.2(r=0.9998,n=10),检出限为0.2 mg/L;RSD为2.86%(N=80 mg/L,n=14);进样频率为80次/h。本方法具有很高的选择性和灵敏度,样品处理方法简单快速,适于连续自动测定。用于实际样品的测定,结果满意。     

用水热法在铁铬铝合金片上原位合成MCM-22沸石膜

 采用水热法在铁铬铝合金片载体上原位合成了MCM-22沸石膜,并采用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对沸石膜进行了表征,探讨了成膜的影响因素. 结果表明,载体预处理条件对合成沸石膜的品质有较大的影响. 载体仅经碱处理后合成的沸石膜稀疏而不连续; 载体先经碱处理再经酸处理后可得到连续致密的沸石膜,且晶片取向均一; 载体预先涂覆Al2O3胶过渡层后制得的MCM-22沸石膜经超声波清洗后不会脱落,表明沸石膜与载体间的结合力增强. 此外,增大晶化母液量有利于沸石膜的生长.     

Compressed-CO2-assisted patterning of polymers

We report a facile route to pattern polymer surfaces with the aid of compressed CO(2), termed the compressed-CO(2)-assisted imprint method. In this method, compressed CO(2) serves as a plasticizer for polymers (such as poly(methyl methylate) and polystyrene), which leads to a tremendous reduction in the glass transition temperature and viscosity of the polymers. Nylon fabrics and anode aluminum oxide porous membranes are used as molds, respectively, to pattern the softened polymers at relatively low temperatures, resulting in patterns at the scale of micrometers and nanometers on the surface of polymer films. The patterned structures can be tuned by changing CO(2) pressure and temperature in the imprinting process. This method is simple and environmentally benign. It also can be operated at low temperatures, for instance, ambient temperature.     

Water‐in‐Supercritical CO2 Microemulsion Stabilized by a Metal Complex

Herein we propose for the first time the utilization of a metal complex for forming water‐in‐supercritical CO₂ (scCO₂) microemulsions. The water solubility in the metal‐complex‐stabilized microemulsion is significantly improved compared with the conventional water‐in‐scCO₂ microemulsions stabilized by hydrocarbons. Such a microemulsion provides a promising route for the in situ CO₂ reduction catalyzed by a metal complex at the water/scCO₂ interface.     

Photonic bandgap properties of 8-fold symmetric photonic quasicrystals

The bandgap properties of 2D 8-fold symmetric photonic quasicrystals (PQCs) composed of a set of rods are numerically investigated for various fill factors, dielectric constants and propagation angles using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. Some interesting properties are found besides the known results: (i) the central frequency of the bandgap shifts to low frequency as r/a increases; (ii) an optimum fill factor to obtain the largest gap width exists, which decreases with increasing dielectric constant; (iii) compared with the behavior for a given fill factor, the variation of bandgap width for the optimum fill factor increases much more significantly with the dielectric constant. Selection guidelines for 8-fold symmetric PQC designs are provided for optimum fill factors and variation of the relative bandgap width at different dielectric constants.