气相色谱法测定茶叶及土壤中的高效氯氟氰菊酯残留量

建立了气相色谱测定茶叶及土壤中高效氯氟氰菊酯残留量的分析方法。茶叶和土壤样品用正己烷提取,毛细管柱分离,气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)检测。结果表明: 在高效氯氟氰菊酯添加量为0.02～2.00 mg/kg范围内,高效氯氟氰菊酯在鲜茶叶和土壤中的平均添加回收率分别为89.0%～94.1%和89.8%～94.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=5)分别为3.0%～4.9%和2.5%～4.2%,方法的最低检出限(S/N=3)为0.002 mg/kg。采用该方法测定2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂在湖南长沙茶叶及土壤中的消解动态,其符合一级动力学消解模式,消解方程分别为y=3.1996e-0.3394x和y=0.1224e-0.1036x,相关系数分别为0.9956和0.9247。在茶叶中的半衰期为2.04 d,在土壤中的半衰期为6.69 d。该方法为湖南长沙地区茶叶种植科学合理地使用杀虫剂高效氯氟氰菊酯提供了依据。     

精恶唑禾草灵酶联免疫吸附分析方法研究

建立了测定精恶唑禾草灵的间接竞争酶联免疫吸附分析方法(ic-ELISA),合成了精恶唑禾草灵的半抗原精恶唑禾草酸(hapten).通过碳二亚胺法将精恶唑禾草酸交联于牛血清蛋白(BSA)作为免疫抗原,通过活泼酯法将精恶唑禾草酸交联于卵清蛋白(OVA)作为包被抗原,Hapten-BSA为免疫原制备了精恶唑禾草灵的兔抗血清,间接非竞争酶联免疫吸附分析方法测得其效价达1.024×105.确定了0.3 mol/L Na+强度的磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.5)和10%的甲醇为精恶唑禾草灵间接竞争酶联免疫吸附分析方法的最佳工作条件.本方法的IC50为(0.084±0.012)mg/L,检出限(IC10)为(0.0064±0.002)mg/L.对大部分芳氧苯氧基丙酸酯类除草剂,如精喹禾灵、氰氟草酯、高效吡氟甲禾灵没有明显的交叉反应,对于恶唑酰草胺有一定的交叉反应,这与两者的结构有关.     

精吡氟禾草灵酶联免疫吸附分析方法研究

建立了定量测定精吡氟禾草灵的间接竞争酶联免疫吸附分析方法(ic-ELISA)。将精吡氟禾草灵在碱性条件下水解制得半抗原,再将半抗原与蛋白质偶联形成抗原后免疫新西兰大白兔,获得多克隆抗体。对其进行条件优化后,得到了精吡氟禾草灵的ic-ELISA方法的标准曲线。该方法的Ic50为0.553mg/L。检出限为0.0062mg/L。方法对其他芳氧苯氧基丙酸酯类除草剂没有明显交叉反应。精吡氟禾草灵在样品中的回收率为86.80%～103.41%,变异系数为3.96%～12.32%。表明本研究建立的精吡氟禾草灵的ELISA方法符合农药残留分析的要求。     

分散固相萃取-液相色谱质谱法测定多种基质中的氰氟草酯和氰氟草酸

建立了田水、土壤、水稻植株、水稻稻壳和糙米中氰氟草酯及代谢产物氰氟草酸的残留分析方法。前处理方法利用乙腈为提取剂,N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)、石墨化碳黑(GCB)和C18为分散净化剂的QuEChERS方法,并利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)在多反应离子监测模式(MRN)下进行检测,外标法定量。结果表明:氰氟草酯和氰氟草酸在0. 01～1. 0 mg·L~(-1)浓度范围内均具有良好的线性关系(R~2≥0. 997);在0. 05～1. 00 mg·kg~(-1)添加水平范围内平均回收率为70. 6%～105. 8%;相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为0. 3%～7. 9%;氰氟草酯和氰氟草酸的方法检出限(LOD)为0. 11和0. 16μg·kg~(-1);定量限为0. 37和0. 54μg·kg~(-1)。该方法分析速度快、灵敏度高、重现性好,适用于多种基质上氰氟草酯和氰氟草酸的快速检测和确证。     

烤鳗中6种农药残留量的液相色谱-质谱/质谱法同时测定

建立了烤鳗中苯胺灵、嘧菌酯、氨苯乙酯、氟酮唑草、丙蝇驱、唑螨酯6种农药残留的同时检测方法.烤鳗样品采用乙腈、中性氧化铝超声基体分散吸附、涡旋混合提取,Florisil固相萃取小柱净化、浓缩,以乙腈-乙酸铵缓冲液为流动相进行色谱分离,串联质谱检测.结果表明,6种化合物在0.5 ～1 000 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,方法的检出限为0.03 ～2.3 μg/kg,定量下限为0.09 ～7.7 μg/kg,平均加标回收率为75% ～104%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.6% ～15%,满足当前进出口残留控制要求.     

气相色谱法同时测定糙米中6种取代苯类及酰胺类农药残留

建立了气相色谱法同时测定糙米中二甲戊灵、丙草胺等6种农药残留量的方法。采用BP225大口径毛细管柱和氮磷检测器,外标法定量。样品加标回收率为80.4%～103.0%,相对标准偏差为2.9%～10.2%。各种农药的最低检出限分别为:戊草丹、二甲戊灵0.01 mg/kg ;丙草胺、氟酰胺、灭锈胺与苯噻酰草胺0.02 mg/kg 。该方法操作简便、快速、灵敏、准确,适于批量样品的测定。     

蛋壳膜固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定R-精噁唑禾草灵

采用蛋壳膜固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定除草剂R-精噁唑禾草灵的含量。优化的试验条件如下:①固相萃取时间为80min;②洗脱剂甲醇的用量为1mL;③样品溶液的酸度为pH 7;④样品溶液的体积为25~100mL。以C18色谱柱为分离柱,以甲醇-水(80+20)混合液为流动相,在检测波长236nm处进行测定。R-精噁唑禾草灵质量浓度在5.00~50.0μg·L-1范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,方法检出限(3S/N)为1.2μg·L-1。方法用于水样和小麦粉样品分析,加标回收率在75.4%~95.2%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在3.7%~5.8%之间。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定大豆和大米中的磺酰脲类和二苯醚类除草剂残留

建立了大豆和大米中磺酰脲类和二苯醚类除草剂多残留同时检测的高效液相色谱分析方法。样品经乙腈提取,正己烷液-液分配,C18固相萃取小柱净化后,采用高效液相色谱方法分离,以乙腈-三乙胺盐酸溶液作流动相,梯度洗脱,紫外检测器检测。对样品前处理和色谱分析条件进行了优化,8种除草剂(甲磺隆、氯磺隆、苄嘧磺隆、吡嘧磺隆、三氟羧草醚、精恶唑禾草灵、乙氧氟草醚、乙羧氟草醚)在0.05~2.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好。方法的定量限(S/N=10)为0.01~0.02 mg/kg,能达到国家有关上述除草剂残留限量的要求。大豆和大米样品的平均加标回收率分别为91.6%~116.1%和76.6%~110.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.0%~12.2%。所建立的方法在30 min内可完成一次检测,具有简便快速、灵敏可靠的特点,适用于大豆和大米中除草剂多残留的测定。     

韭菜中吡虫啉和啶虫脒残留的微波处理-逆固相分散法净化及液相色谱检测

建立了韭菜中两种烟碱类农药吡虫啉和啶虫脒残留的快速检测方法.韭菜样本用微波炉加热处理,使酶钝化消除含硫基质干扰,然后用乙腈提取、逆固相分散净化,用反相高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器检测.在0.05～2.0 mg/kg添加水平范围内,吡虫啉的平均添加回收率在95.2%～105.3%之间;相对标准偏差在0.8%～7.8%之间;啶虫脒的平均添加回收率在97.4%～108.8%之间;相对标准偏差在1.3%～8.3%之间.本方法对吡虫啉的检出限(LOD)为0.0078 mg/kg,定量检出限(LOQ)为0.026 mg/kg;对啶虫脒的检出限为0.0075 mg/kg,定量检出限为0.025 mg/kg.     

分散型固相萃取-气相色谱法测定蔬菜及其制品中灭线磷、嘧酶胺、莠去津、氟硅唑、噻嗪酮、异丙威残留量

建立了蔬菜及其制品中灭线磷、嘧酶胺、莠去津、氟硅唑、噻嗪酮、异丙威残留量分散型固相萃取-气相色谱同时分析方法。在净化过程中加入C18、硅胶、PSA等吸附剂粉末进行净化,根据检测器进行溶剂转溶,采用DB-1701毛细管柱分离,FTD检测,添加浓度0.005~0.05mg/kg时,回收率(n=6)为80%~110%,相对标准偏差分别为1%~5%,该方法的检出限为灭线磷、嘧酶胺0.005mg/kg;氟硅唑、莠去津、噻嗪酮、异丙威0.01mg/kg。     

Detection of Aryloxyphenoxypropionate Herbicides by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In this study, we developed a general and broad class-selective indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) for detecting aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides. A multideterminant artificial antigen was prepared from haptens of two herbicides (fenoxaprop-p-ethyl and cyhalofop-butyl) conjugated to the carrier protein Bovine serum albumin (BSA). The polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) were obtained by immunizing New Zealand white rabbits. Characterization studies of the PAbs showed that they had high affinity and specificity for the two herbicides. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values for fenoxaprop-p-ethyl and cyhalofop-butyl were 0.185 mg L^?1 and 0.045 mg L^?1 with a limit of detection (LOD, IC₁₀) of 0.004 mg L^?1 and 0.002 mg L^?1, respectively. There were no obvious cross-reactivities with most of the aryloxyphenoxypropionates tested, except for metamifop (CR% = 55.56%). The recoveries of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, cyhalofop-butyl and metamifop in environmental and agricultural samples (tap water, paddy water, soil, rice and soybean) ranged from 86.86–114.52%, 82.07–119.11% and 82.51–114.46%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the established ELISA could be used as a tool for detecting aryloxyphenoxypropionate multiresidues.     

Simultaneous determination of sulfoxaflor and its metabolites,X11719474 and X11721061, in brown rice and rice straw after field application using LC-MS/MS

The present study was carried out to develop an analytical method for simultaneously detecting and quantifying sulfoxaflor and its metabolites (X11721061, X11719474) in brown rice and rice straw using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The parent compound and its metabolites were extracted and purified using original ‘QuEChERS’ method with modification. The matrix-matched calibration curve of sulfoxaflor and its metabolites in both matrices achieved good linearity with determination coefficients (R²) ≥0.9944. The overall recoveries of sulfoxaflor at two fortification levels (rice: 0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg; rice straw: 0.4 and 2.0 mg/kg) ranged from 97.37% to 107.71% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) <5%. On the other hand, the recoveries of both metabolites (X11721061 and X11719474) at 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg (rice) and 0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg (rice straw) were satisfactory with values ranging from 83.70 % to 112.60% with RSDs <8%. During storage at ?20°C, the analyte and its metabolites were stable for up to 87 days. The limits of quantification of 0.02 mg/kg were lower than the maximum residue limit (0.2 mg/kg) set by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety for brown rice. The method was successfully applied to paddy field treated with different programme schedules and a preharvest interval of 7 days was proposed based upon the current study. In sum, the developed method is accurate and reproducible for ensuring the reliable determination of sulfoxaflor (and its metabolites) in harvested rice grain and straw samples from the field. The residual level of parent compound does not seem to pose any hazardous effect and treated rice could be safely used for consumption.     

固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法检测化妆品中的双酚A残留

建立了化妆品中双酚A残留的高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱联用测定方法.样品经碱性乙腈提取,氨基固相小柱净化而后测定.方法在2.0～ 100.0μg/L范围内呈良好线性,相关系数为0.99998,方法的检出限为0.02 mg/kg.在0.10,1.0,10.0 mg/kg 3个加标水平下,加标回收率为92.4％ ～98.8％,相对标准偏差为6.0％～9.4％.     

Application of ion-exchange cartridge clean-up in food analysis III. Determination of benzylpenicillin, phenoxymethyl-penicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, nafcillin and dicloxacillin in bovine liver and kidney by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection

A multiresidue analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of benzylpenicillin (PCG), phenoxymethylpenicillin (PCV), oxacillin (MPIPC), cloxacillin (MCIPC), nafcillin (NFPC) and dicloxacillin (MDIPC) in bovine liver and kidney. The method involves the use of an ion-exchange cartridge for sample clean-up followed by ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The recoveries of PCG, PCV, MPIPC, MCIPC, NFPC and MDIPC from bovine liver spiked at levels of 0.5 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg were in the range of 73–91% and 83–96% with coefficients of variation of 1.4–4.2% and 3.4–8.7%, respectively. For bovine kidney spiked at levels of 0.5 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg, the recoveries of these compounds were 79–92% and 82–92% with RSDs of 1.8–5.9% and 2.7–7.8%, respectively. The detection limits for the six penicillins were 0.02–0.05 mg/kg in bovine liver and kidney.     

气相色谱-负化学离子源质谱法检测食品中苯醚甲环唑的残留量

建立了一种用于各种食品中苯醚甲环唑残留量的气相色谱-负化学离子源质谱(GC-MS/NCI)检测方法。用乙酸乙酯对各类样品中的苯醚甲环唑进行提取,固相萃取(SPE)净化后由GC-MS/NCI在选择离子监测模式下进行测定。方法的准确度和精密度高,多数样品在0.01,0.04,0.10 mg/kg三个添加水平下苯醚甲环唑的回收率处于70%和120%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）不大于9.5%。方法在0.02～1.00 mg/L范围内有良好的线性关系,且灵敏度高,最低检测限达到0.0005 mg/kg;选择性好,抗干扰能力强,能消除复杂基质带来的干扰,适合各种食品中苯醚甲环唑残留量的确证分析。     

气相色谱法分析甘蓝及其土壤中的烯啶虫胺残留

建立了气相色谱测定甘蓝植株和土壤中烯啶虫胺残留量的分析方法。样品采用丙酮-水(4:1, v/v)进行提取,经弗罗里硅土柱净化,用电子捕获检测器进行测定。实验结果表明,添加水平为0.02～2.00 mg/kg时,烯啶虫胺在甘蓝植株和土壤中的平均回收率分别为88.73%～94.13%和90.82%～96.27%,相对标准偏差分别为3.09%～7.39%和2.01%～4.92%;方法的最低检出限为0.02 mg/kg。该方法快速简便、灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于环境系统中烯啶虫胺残留量的检测分析。     

低温分配固液萃取结合高效液相色谱-质谱法测定食用菌中6-苄基腺嘌呤

建立了低温分配固液萃取（SLE-LTP）技术结合高效液相色谱-质谱（HPLC-MS）测定食用菌中6-苄基腺嘌呤（6-BA）的方法。食用菌样品经乙腈提取和低温分配,采用Hitachi LaChrom C18色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）分离,以0.02 mol/L乙酸铵（含0.1%（v/v）冰乙酸）-甲醇（6∶4,v/v）溶液为流动相,等度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子模式下检测,外标法定量。结果表明,6-苄基腺嘌呤在0.05~2.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为1.0000;方法的检出限和定量限分别为0.006 mg/kg和0.02 mg/kg。加标回收率试验显示在0.1 mg/kg和0.5 mg/kg添加水平下6-苄基腺嘌呤的加标回收率为81.3%~93.7%,相对标准偏差为0.7%~2.4%。该法简单、准确、稳定,可用于食用菌中6-苄基腺嘌呤的检测。     

柱前衍生-高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定罐头食品中的尿素

建立了罐头食品中尿素残留检测的柱前衍生-高效液相色谱-荧光检测方法.取5.0 g样品,经20 mL 1%(v/v)乙酸溶液提取、定容,离心后取上清液过滤,吸取0.5 mL提取液用呫吨醇进行衍生,采用高效液相色谱-荧光检测器进行测定.尿素在0.1~500 mg/L内线性良好,相关系数大于0.9995.实验表明,在5种罐头食品中各添加0.001~30 g/kg尿素,其平均回收率为80.2%~109.7%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.05%~6.53%,检出限为0.5 mg/kg,定量限为1.0 mg/kg.利用本研究建立的方法对168个实际样品进行测定,在3个肉类罐头样品中检出尿素,含量分别为10.6、62.1和2.6 mg/kg.方法稳定、可靠、操作简单,适用于罐头食品中尿素的检测.     

高效液相色谱法测定乳制品中的双氰胺

建立了乳制品中双氰胺的高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测方法。样品经乙腈提取后采用HPLC测定。优化后的色谱条件:XBridge Amide柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 3.5 μm),流动相为乙腈和水(体积比为90:10,含0.2%甲酸),流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为218 nm。方法在0.5~50 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r²)为0.9999,回收率在96.7%~101.0%之间,RSD为4.5%~4.9%(n=6),检出限为0.2 mg/kg(S/N=3),定量限为0.5 mg/kg(S/N=10)。该方法简单、准确、灵敏度高,适用于各种乳制品中双氰胺的检测。