气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定食品中18种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了凝胶色谱(GPC)净化、气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)多反应监测模式同时测定油脂食品中18种邻苯二甲酸酯的方法.优化了前处理和分析条件,样品加标浓度在2 mg/kg时的回收率在80％～120％之间,相对标准偏差均小于10％,检出限为5 μg/kg,定量限为20 μg/kg,在20～1 000 μg/mL范围内,具有良好的线性关系,能够满足大量样品快速准确分析的需要.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定香水中的甲基丁香酚

建立了气相色谱-质谱法测定香水中甲基丁香酚的分析方法。该方法在0.01～1.00 mg/L范围内线性关系良好。香水样品平均加标回收率为100.1%～102.9%,相对标准偏差为0.08%～1.7%,方法检出限为0.50 mg/kg。     

高效阴离子交换-脉冲安培法测定化妆品中葡萄糖酸锌含量

建立了高效阴离子交换-脉冲安培法测定化妆品中葡萄糖酸锌的含量.样品用水超声提取后,离心取上清液过On Guard Ⅱ RP柱除去疏水性化合物,再经CarboPac PA1和CarboPacPA20保护柱分离,脉冲安培检测,葡萄糖酸锌在0.1～5.0mg/L范围内线性关系良好(r2=0.9999),加标回收率在98.9～107.7％之间,方法检出限为0.042mg/L,对应样品中检出限为4.2mg/kg,方法简单,灵敏度高.     

固相萃取-抑制电导离子色谱法测定水产品中有机酸

建立了梯度淋洗-抑制型电导离子色谱法检测水产品中有机酸的方法。在2～3个数量级范围内,该方法对目标化合物的检测线性良好。酒石酸的线性范围为15～500 ng/mL,检测限为0.05 mg/kg;柠檬酸线性范围为8～500 ng/mL,检测限为0.03 mg/kg。以大黄鱼、中华绒螯蟹、南美白对虾、文蛤为空白样品,加入酒石酸和柠檬酸质量分数分别为0.05,0.07和0.10 mg/kg,酒石酸的加标回收率介于84.4%～89.2%,RSD<6.5%,柠檬酸的加标回收率介于87.5%～93.8%,RSD<5.9%。     

HPLC-ELSD法测定食品中γ-氨基丁酸含量

建立了食品中γ-氨基丁酸的液相色谱蒸发光散射检测仪测定方法.该方法用水或10％甲醇提取样品,正己烷去油脂净化,然后用液相色谱/蒸发光散射检测仪测定.γ-氨基丁酸的浓度在0.01～0.5 mg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.9998.食品中γ-氨基丁酸的检出限为0.01 g/kg,加标回收率在90％以上.该方法快速、灵敏、准确.     

微波消解-ICP-MS测定电镀污泥中的重金属

采用微波消解系统对某电镀污泥进行消解,利用ICP-MS对污泥中的重金属进行测定。称取制备后样品,置于消解罐中充分反应后,赶酸、定容后利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行测定。电镀污泥中的铬为18845.2mg/kg、镉为10.3mg/kg、镍为5200.0mg/kg、铅为189.7mg/kg、铜为3271.7mg/kg、锌为49632.6mg/kg。测定结果表明所检测项目工作曲线线性关系好,相关系数r均大于0.999。铬加标回收率在91.6～97.7%之间、镉加标回收率在92.0～97.0%之间、镍加标回收率在95.1～98.0%之间、铅加标回收率在94.3～95.2%之间、铜加标回收率在97.1～102%之间、锌加标回收率在96.3～98.7%之间,均满足相关测定要求。计算的潜在生态危害系数、潜在生态危害指数结果表明,电镀污泥中的铬、镉、铅、铜、锌为轻微生态危害,镍为强生态危害;潜在生态危害指数RI计算值为216.69,属于中等生态危害。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定茶叶中的25种有机氯农药残留

利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术建立了茶叶中25种有机氯农药残留同时测定的方法。茶叶样品中有机氯农药残留通过正己烷-丙酮(体积比为2∶1)溶液提取,浓缩后过弗罗里硅土柱净化,采用正己烷-乙酸乙酯(体积比为9∶1)溶液淋洗,GC-MS选择离子监测模式(SIM)检测。方法的线性范围为0.010～0.500 mg/L。在茶叶样品中0.01～0.20 mg/kg加标水平下有机氯混标的加标回收率为70.8%～105.5%,相对标准偏差为1.6%～12.7%。除硫丹Ⅰ和硫丹Ⅱ的定量限为0.02 mg/kg以外,其余23种有机氯农药的定量限均为0.01 mg/kg。     

气相色谱-质谱联用快速检测毛豆中103种农药多残留

建立了固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法快速检测毛豆中103种农药多残留的分析方法.样品用乙腈-水溶液均质提取,经盐析除水液液分配,Envi-18和PSA串联柱净化后用气相色谱-质谱仪(GC-MS)分析.采用选择离子扫描方式,外标法定量.方法的检出限(S/N=3)为0.001～0.021 mg/kg,在加标水平为0.2 mg/kg时,方法回收率为74%～123%,相对标准偏差为3.1%～13%.     

吹扫捕集气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中54种挥发性有机物

建立了土壤中54种挥发性有机物的吹扫捕集气相色谱质谱分析方法.54种挥发性有机物检测限在0.20 ～0.72μg/kg之间,平均加标回收率为92.5％～112.1％,各组分相对标准偏差为1.4％～8.8％.本方法适用于批量样品的分析.     

银离子固相萃取-程序升温大体积进样-气相色谱法定量分析市售巧克力中的饱和烷烃矿物油

建立了银渍硅胶固相萃取柱离线(Ag-SPE)净化,程序升温进样-气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测器(PTV-GC-FID)定量分析巧克力中饱和烷烃矿物油(MOSH)的方法.以正己烷浸泡提取巧克力中的MOSH,离心后取1 mL上清液,过0.3％ Ag渍硅胶SPE柱净化,氮吹浓缩,定容至0.2 mL,注入GC分析; GC的进样口程序升温过程:初始温度45℃,保持1 min(分流比200∶1),以250℃/min升温至360℃(分流阀关闭2 min),并保持27 min(分流比100∶1); 进样量40 μL; 柱温箱升温程序为:35℃保持3 min,以25℃/min升温至350℃,以5℃/min升温至370℃,保持10 min,载气为高纯氮气,流速1.3 mL/min(压力60 kPa); FID温度为380℃.结果表明,本方法的MOSH定量限为0.5 mg/kg,加标回收率为84.9％～108.6％,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.2％～1.5％.运用本方法对25个市售巧克力样品中的MOSH含量进行了测定,3个样品未检出,其余22个样品中MOSH含量为1.09～8.15 mg/kg(其中C16～C35 的含量为0.56～4.43 mg/kg),有3个样品含量高于5.00 mg/kg,为严重污染样品.本方法操作简便,检出限低,适用于巧克力中MOSH的定量测定.     

玩具中苯酚和双酚A的高效液相色谱-荧光检测方法研究

采用高效液相色谱分离,荧光检测器检测,建立了三种不同类型的玩具中苯酚和双酚A的测定方法.用超声提取的方式处理样品,对提取溶剂和提取时间进行选择,确定以甲醇-水(65:35,V/V)作为提取溶液,超声提取20 min.苯酚和双酚A分别在0.012～1.0 mg/L、0.03～2.5 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数均达到0.9999,检出限分别为0.6 mg/kg和1.5 mg/kg,不同加标水平的回收率为90.5%～104.3%,其相对标准偏差为0.4%～3.8%.该方法操作简便,灵敏度高、重现性好,能有效提取和测定三类玩具中的苯酚和双酚A.     

超声萃取-高效液相色谱法检测塑料玩具中双酚A及其类似物

建立了超声萃取-高效液相色谱法(HPLC)同时测定玩具中7种双酚A及其类似化合物的方法. 利用四氢呋喃超声提取塑料玩具中双酚A及其类似物30 min,经甲醇沉淀分离塑料基质. 提取液经浓缩、氮吹,加甲醇定容,采用HPLC外标法进行定量检测. 结果表明,7种双酚A类化合物线性范围为0.1~5.0 mg/L,相关系数均大于0.998 8,方法检出限为0.24~0.72 mg/kg,平均回收率为92.7%~108.7%,相对标准偏差为1.9%~7.1%. 方法简单、快速、准确,可用于塑料玩具中双酚A类化合物的检测.     

衍生化气相色谱-质谱法测定玩具和食品接触材料中双酚A

建立了玩具和与食品接触的材料中双酚A的衍生化气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)检测方法。通过索氏萃取富集样品中的双酚A,与乙酸酐反应,终产物用GC-MS进行测定。优化了衍生化时间、衍生化试剂用量等衍生化条件。在最佳条件下,双酚A衍生物稳定且峰形良好,在0.05～50 mg/L范围内,相关系数(r2)在0.999以上。在0.05、1.00、10.00 mg/kg 3个添加水平下,双酚A的加标回收率为80%～93%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于3.7%;检出限(以信噪比(S/N)=3计)为10 μg/kg。该方法精密度好、回收率高,可用于玩具和食品接触材料中双酚A的定量检测。     

Determination of Trace Bisphenol A in Leachate by Solid Phase Microextraction Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

A rapid determination method for trace bisphenol A in leachate by solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed. The experimental condition of SPME, such as select operation, solid phase microextraction fibers, pH, extraction time, extraction temperature, desorption time, desorption solution, mode, and the analytical conditions of HPLC were optimized. As compared with the graph that was produced by HPLC alone, the graph by only HPLC couldn't analyze bisphenol A and compared to the results of three solid‐phase microextraction fibers. The linear range was between 0.0128 mg/L and 0.192 mg/L in this method, and the correlative coefficient was 0.9975. Limits of detection, repeatability, and reproducibility were also determined. The limit of detection of this method was 3.25 µg/L (3σ, n=11). The relative standard deviation (RSD, n=3) was 4.4%. The method was used for the determination of trace bisphenol A in leachate of Qingshan landfill and leachate of Liufang landfill. The recoveries were between 94.5% and 103.3%. This method is fast, convenient, sensitive, solvent free, and suitable for the determination of trace bisphenol A in leachate.     

Determination of daminozide in apples and apple leaves by liquid chromatography--mass spectrometry

A straightforward and efficient method was developed for the determination of intact daminozide in apples and apple leaves. After extraction with methanol and a clean-up step using a graphitized carbon cartridge, the extract was analysed by ion-trap liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) using atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation in the positive ion mode. Recoveries for apple were 98-102% with a R.S.D. < or = 11% (n = 6) and for leaves were 112-116% with a R.S.D. < or = 18% (n = 6). The limits of detection were 0.008 and 0.02 mg/kg for apples and leaves, respectively.     

Determination of beauvericin and four other enniatins in grain by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

A method is described using LC-MS-MS for the detection of five different enniatins in grain. The method involves extraction of the fungal secondary metabolites using acetonitrile-water and quantification using LC-MS-MS with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation, without further treatment of sample extracts. The selected ion reaction of [M + NH4]+ to [M + H]+ was utilised in the specific detection of the compounds. Mean recoveries (n = 5-12) of enniatins from spiked grain samples over a period of six months were 99-115%, 86-131%, 97-113%, 73-100% and 78-114% for beauvericin, enniatin A, A1, B and B1, respectively. The limits of detection were 3.0 microg/kg for beauvericin, enniatin A, B and B1 and 4.0 microg/kg for enniatin A1, which corresponds to on-column detection limits of 7.5 pg and 10 pg, respectively.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定肉类罐头中双酚-二缩水甘油醚

建立了同时测定肉类罐头中双酚A-二缩水甘油醚(BADGE)、双酚F-二缩水甘油醚(BFDGE)及其衍生物双酚A-(2,3-二羟丙基)甘油醚(BADGE•H2O)、双酚A-双(2,3-二羟丙基)醚(BADGE•2H2O)、双酚A-(3-氯-2-羟丙基)(2,3-二羟丙基)醚(BADGE•H2O•HCl)、双酚A-(3-氯-2-羟丙基)甘油醚(BADGE•HCl)、双酚A-双(3-氯-2-羟丙基)醚(BADGE•2HCl)、双酚F-双(2,3-二羟丙基)醚(BFDGE•2H2O)、双酚F-双(3-氯-2-羟丙基)醚(BFDGE•2HCl)9种环境激素的高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。样品经叔丁基甲醚提取,HLB固相萃取小柱净化,C18色谱柱分离,用5 mmol/L醋酸铵溶液(含0.1%甲酸)与甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱,质谱多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,基质标准校正,外标法定量。结果表明,这9种化合物在10.0～2000.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好;定量限(以信噪比≥10计)为10.0 μg/kg;在高、中、低3个加标水平下9种化合物的平均添加回收率为79.6%～100.9%,相对标准偏差为6.3%～12.1%。该方法具有较高的灵敏度和准确度,能满足法规要求的对肉类罐头中双酚A-二缩水甘油醚、双酚F-二缩水甘油醚及其衍生物残留量的快速检测及准确定量。     

Analytical methodologies for determining the occurrence of endocrine disrupting chemicals in sewage treatment plants and natural waters

In this study, a method for assessing the occurrence of trace amounts of 12 representative estrogenic compounds in sewage and surface waters was developed. The selected substances were the phytoestrogens daidzein, genistein and biochanin A, the alkylphenols bisphenol A and 4-nonylphenol, the natural hormones 17β-estradiol, estrone, estriol and the synthetic hormone 17α-ethynylestradiol and the mycoestrogens zearalenone and two of its metabolites (α-zearalanol and β-zearalanol). The procedure consists in solid phase extraction (SPE) performed with OASIS cartridges followed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Recoveries were all above 80% for each analyzed aqueous matrices. The developed method was applied to verify the occurrence of endocrine disrupters in environmental samples of sewage influents and effluents of an Italian STP. Phytoestrogens were present in effluents at concentrations ranging from 3 to 83 ng/l, whereas the levels detected for alkylphenols were in the range 13-36 ng/l for bisphenol A and up to 1 μg/l for nonylphenol. Estrogens and zeranols were determined at levels below 30 ng/l. Analysis of a river (Tiber) receiving effluent waters revealed high quantities of bisphenol A (15-29 ng/l) and nonylphenol (up to 1.2 μg/l), whereas the presence of all the other compounds were at levels of few ng/l.     

Validation study on 660 pesticide residues in animal tissues by gel permeation chromatography cleanup/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A new method using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) cleanup followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) has been established for quantitative determination of 437 pesticide residues in animal tissues such as beef, mutton, pork, chicken, and rabbit. Based on an appraisal of the characteristics of both GC-MS and LC-MS-MS, validation experiments were conducted for 660 pesticides. In the method, 10 g animal samples were mixed with 20 g sodium sulfate and extracted with 35 mL of cyclohexane+ethyl acetate (1+1) twice by blender homogenization, centrifugation, and filtration. Evaporation was conducted and an equivalent of 5 g sample was injected into a 400 mm x 25 mm S-X3 GPC column, with cyclohexane+ethyl acetate (1+1) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 5 mL/min. The 22-40 min fraction was collected for subsequent analysis. For the 368 pesticides determined by GC-MS, the portions collected from GPC were concentrated to 0.5 mL and exchanged with 5 mL hexane twice. For the 69 pesticides by LC-MS-MS, the portions collected from GPC were dissolved with acetonitrile+water (60+40) after taking the extract to dryness with nitrogen gas. In the linear range of each pesticide, the correlation coefficient was r > or = 0.98, exceptions being dinobuton, linuron, and fenamiphos sulfoxide. At the low, medium and high three fortification levels of 0.2-4800 microg/kg, recoveries fell within 40-120%, among which 417 pesticides recoveries between 60% and 120%, accounting for 95%, 20 analytes between 40% and 60%, accounting for 5%. The relative standard deviation was below 28% for all 437 pesticides. The limits of detection for the method were 0.2-600 microg/kg, depending on each pesticide.     

Detection and quantification of traces of bisphenol A and bisphenol S in paper samples using analytical pyrolysis-GC/MS

In this paper a simplified method based on analytical pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) for the detection and quantification of bisphenol A and bisphenol S in paper samples is presented. The method enables a direct analysis of the samples without tedious sample preparation. As the analytes are thermally desorbed, a solvent extraction is not needed. The method is applicable to small samples of ~120 μg. The limits of detection are below 1 mg kg(-1) for bisphenol A and for bisphenol S. The limits of quantification are about 1.3 mg kg(-1). Several validation characteristics of the method developed like standard error of calibration, limit of determination, linearity, and accuracy are given. To prove the accuracy of the method, interferences and matrix dependencies were also investigated. The influence of the pyrolysis crucibles, a special effect of analytical pyrolysis, was additionally investigated. It was found that the impact of the crucibles on the results is significant and one cause for matrix effects.