精恶唑禾草灵酶联免疫吸附分析方法研究

建立了测定精恶唑禾草灵的间接竞争酶联免疫吸附分析方法(ic-ELISA),合成了精恶唑禾草灵的半抗原精恶唑禾草酸(hapten).通过碳二亚胺法将精恶唑禾草酸交联于牛血清蛋白(BSA)作为免疫抗原,通过活泼酯法将精恶唑禾草酸交联于卵清蛋白(OVA)作为包被抗原,Hapten-BSA为免疫原制备了精恶唑禾草灵的兔抗血清,间接非竞争酶联免疫吸附分析方法测得其效价达1.024×105.确定了0.3 mol/L Na+强度的磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.5)和10%的甲醇为精恶唑禾草灵间接竞争酶联免疫吸附分析方法的最佳工作条件.本方法的IC50为(0.084±0.012)mg/L,检出限(IC10)为(0.0064±0.002)mg/L.对大部分芳氧苯氧基丙酸酯类除草剂,如精喹禾灵、氰氟草酯、高效吡氟甲禾灵没有明显的交叉反应,对于恶唑酰草胺有一定的交叉反应,这与两者的结构有关.     

GC/MS法测定大米中精噁唑禾草灵和氰氟草酯残留量

采用乙腈提取,NH2固相萃取柱净化,GC/MS测定,建立了大米中精噁唑禾草灵和氰氟草酯残留量的测定方法。添加精噁唑禾草灵质量分数为0.02,0.2,0.5mg/kg,平均回收率分别为82.3%,88.8%和90.7%,相对标准偏差分别为6.8%,8.2%和3.7%,检出限为0.02 mg/kg;添加氰氟草酯质量分数为0.02,0.2,0.5mg/kg,平均回收率分别为87.7%,94.2%和92.3%,相对标准偏差分别为8.6%,5.6%和7.3%,检出限为0.02mg/kg。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用测定葱属蔬菜中二甲嘧菌胺和吡氟禾草灵残留量

在固相萃取基础上通过极性区间排列净化前处理,建立了固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法检测青葱、大葱、洋葱中的二甲嘧菌胺与吡氟禾草灵残留的分析方法。 样品用乙腈提取,加入氯化钠继续均质,离心分层后取部分乙腈层过Envi-18柱和Florisil柱净化后上机测试。 采用选择离子扫描方式,外标法定量。 分析方法简便、快速。 通过优化前处理和上机条件,在最优条件下进行测试,二甲嘧菌胺与吡氟禾草灵的定量下限(S/N=10)均小于0.01 mg/kg,在加标水平0.01～0.2 mg/kg范围内,回收率分别为81.4％～94.6％、107％～129％,相对标准偏差分别为3.3％～11％、4.0％～9.7％。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定大豆和大米中的磺酰脲类和二苯醚类除草剂残留

建立了大豆和大米中磺酰脲类和二苯醚类除草剂多残留同时检测的高效液相色谱分析方法。样品经乙腈提取,正己烷液-液分配,C18固相萃取小柱净化后,采用高效液相色谱方法分离,以乙腈-三乙胺盐酸溶液作流动相,梯度洗脱,紫外检测器检测。对样品前处理和色谱分析条件进行了优化,8种除草剂(甲磺隆、氯磺隆、苄嘧磺隆、吡嘧磺隆、三氟羧草醚、精恶唑禾草灵、乙氧氟草醚、乙羧氟草醚)在0.05~2.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好。方法的定量限(S/N=10)为0.01~0.02 mg/kg,能达到国家有关上述除草剂残留限量的要求。大豆和大米样品的平均加标回收率分别为91.6%~116.1%和76.6%~110.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.0%~12.2%。所建立的方法在30 min内可完成一次检测,具有简便快速、灵敏可靠的特点,适用于大豆和大米中除草剂多残留的测定。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜中20种酸性除草剂残留

采用改良的QuEChERS法,结合液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS),建立了蔬菜中2,4-滴、二氯吡啶酸、精吡氟禾草灵等20种酸性除草剂的残留分析方法。样品用0.5%甲酸乙腈提取,以900 mg MgSO_4+50 mg石墨化炭黑(GCB)作为基质提取液的净化剂。实验结果表明,20种酸性除草剂在一定范围内线性关系良好,其相关系数(r~2)在0.9939～0.9998之间。方法的平均回收率和相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)分别为70.3%～107%和0.2%～8.3%。该方法快速、灵敏,适用于各种蔬菜基质中酸性除草剂的残留分析。     

噻呋酰胺人工抗原的合成及酶联免疫吸附分析方法的建立

以化合物2-甲基-4-三氟甲基-5-噻唑甲酸(MTCA)为噻呋酰胺的半抗原合成人工抗原,采用活泼酯法合成免疫原MTCA-BSA,分别采用活泼酯法、混合酸酐法和N,N'-羰基二咪唑/4-二甲氨基吡啶(CDI/DMAP)法合成3种包被原MTCA-OVA-1、MTCA-OVA-2和MTCA-OVA-3。免疫动物后,最终以包被原MTCAOVA-3筛选并获得了具有高特异性的噻呋酰胺多克隆抗体,建立了检测噻呋酰胺的间接竞争酶联免疫吸附(ic-ELISA)分析方法。本方法线性检测范围为0.08~10.00 mg/L,半数抑制浓度(IC_(50))为1.39 mg/L,检出限为0.08 mg/L,对自来水、湖水和小麦中的噻呋酰胺添加回收率在72.0%~128.3%之间,检测结果与HPLC法具有良好的相关性(R~2=0.9994)。本研究建立的ic-ELISA方法可用于环境水样与小麦等农产品中噻呋酰胺残留的快速检测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测柑橘样品中氟吡呋喃酮及其代谢物残留

采用超高液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)技术建立了同时检测柑橘全果、橘肉及橘皮中氟吡呋喃酮及其代谢物二氟乙酸(DFA)、6-氯烟酸(6-CNA)和二氟乙氨基呋喃酮(DFEAF)残留的分析方法。样品经乙腈提取,分散固相萃取(PSA)净化,采用电喷雾电离(ESI+/ESI-)快速正负切换模式,多反应监测模式(MRM)扫描,外标法定量。结果表明,氟吡呋喃酮及其代谢物在1～500μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0. 997 9～0. 999 6,检出限为0. 001 mg/L;在0. 05、0. 3、2 mg/kg加标水平下,柑橘全果、果肉中氟吡呋喃酮及其代谢物的回收率为71. 9%～106%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0. 8%～9. 1%;在0. 1、0. 3、3 mg/kg加标水平下,柑橘果皮的回收率为77. 9%～100%,RSD为1. 2%～6. 5%。氟吡呋喃酮及其代谢物在柑橘全果、橘肉和橘皮中的定量下限(LOQ)分别为0. 05、0. 05、0. 1 mg/kg。该方法操作简便、快速准确,适于柑橘基质中氟吡呋喃酮及其代谢物残留量的快速检测。     

离子色谱法测定盐酸吉西他滨药品中的氟

分别用过硫酸钾湿消解法、过硫酸钾加压湿消解法、双氧水加压湿消解法、干灰化法对盐酸吉西他滨进行氧化处理,将有机氟转化为无机氟,用离子色谱法测定氟离子含量,间接测得盐酸吉西他滨中的总氟量。实验考量了过硫酸钾、氢氧化钠和双氧水的用量。在选择的样品预处理方法和色谱条件下,后3种方法转化率达到88.9%～98.6%,回收率为89.4%～105%,在此基础上,建立了盐酸吉西他滨药品中总氟的定量测定方法,F-含量在0.1～10 mg/L的浓度范围内呈线性,线性回归系数为0.9996,相对标准偏差为2.4%,检测限为0.01 mg/L。     

QuEChERS/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源食品中氟啶虫胺腈和氟吡呋喃酮残留量

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定动物源食品中氟啶虫胺腈和氟吡呋喃酮残留量的方法。样品中的氟啶虫胺腈和氟吡呋喃酮经乙腈超声提取和分散固相萃取净化,净化后的样液经滤膜过滤后采用UPLC-MS/MS法测定。以乙腈和5 mmol/L乙酸铵-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,采用ACQUITY UPLC^? HSS T3色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)分离,电喷雾离子化、正离子扫描方式和多反应监测模式检测,外标法定量。结果表明,氟啶虫胺腈和氟吡呋喃酮在0.25～20.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r²)分别为0.999 3和0.999 1,方法检出限和定量下限分别为1.0μg/kg和5.0μg/kg。实际样品的平均加标回收率为90.1%～113%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.5%～7.8%。该方法快速简便、准确度和灵敏度高、重现性好,可满足动物源食品中氟啶虫胺腈和氟吡呋喃酮残留的检测要求。     

HPLC法拆分高效盖草能乳油中吡氟氯禾灵的光学异构体

建立了高效盖草能乳油中有效成分精吡氟氯禾灵的快速、准确的高效液相色谱分析方法;在流动相为正已烷-异丙醇（体积比70：30）,流速1.0mL/min,检测波长为280nm,柱温为25℃时,高效盖草能乳油中吡氟氯禾灵的光学异构体在Chiralcel OK柱得到很好分离;方法的标准偏差和相对标准偏差分别为0.46g/L和0.43%     

S,S-氰戊菊酯间接竞争酶联免疫吸附分析方法研究

合成了S,S-氰戊菊酯的半抗原S-2-(4-氯苯基)-3-甲基丁酸-α-S-(N-丁酸基)-甲酰氨-(3-苯氧基)苄酯(Efvb).半抗原通过混合酸酐法与卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联作为包被抗原,活泼酯法与牛血清蛋白(BSA)偶联作为免疫抗原.用免疫抗原免疫新西兰大白兔,得到抗S,S-氰戊菊酯多克隆抗体.通过异源分析及检测条件优化,确立了间接竞争酶联免疫分析方法的最佳检测条件为pH 7.4,0.4 mol/L Na+、40％甲醇-PBS溶液,建立了S,S-氰戊菊酯酶联免疫分析方法.方法的抑制中浓度(IC50)值为(3.16±0.01)mg/L;检出限(IC10)为(0.0053±0.0012) mg/L.对甲氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯及其代谢物戊菊酸没有明显交叉反应.在自来水、河水和土壤样品中添加S,S-氰戊菊酯,其回收率分别为82.3％～108.2％,83.1％～109.2％和72.0％～91.2％.     

Preparation of Monoclonal Antibody and Development of Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Fluorescence-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detecting 3-Amino-5-methylmorpholino-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ) in Edible Animal Tissue

To monitor the illegal used of furaltadone, a highly sensitive indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) and fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA) based on a monoclonal antibody (mAb) were developed for the detection of 3-amino-5-methylmorpholino-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ), the major metabolite of furaltadone in animal tissues. The highly specific mAb, which was very sensitive to a nitrophenyl derivative of AMOZ (2-NP-AMOZ) with IC₅₀ values of 0.11 and 0.09 ng/mL for ic-ELISA and FLISA, respectively, was selected for the development of immunoassays. For both the ic-ELISA and FLISA for AMOZ-spiked experiments, acceptable recovery rates of 81.1–105.3% and coefficients of variation of 4.7–9.8% were obtained. In addition, results from both ic-ELISA and FLISA methods for spiked samples’ data showed excellent correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9652 to 0.9927. Meanwhile, the proposed ic-ELISA and FLISA for thirty spiked samples were confirmed by standard LC-MS/MS with high correlation coefficients of 0.9911 and 0.9921, respectively. These results suggest that the developed ic-ELISA and FLISA are valid and cost-effective tools for high-throughput monitoring methods for AMOZ residues in animal tissues.     

测定人体尿液中苄基丙二酸的免疫分析新方法研究

将苄基丙二酸(BA)与牛血清白蛋白通过活化酯法偶联制备人工免疫原,然后免疫新西兰大白兔制得抗苄基丙二酸多克隆抗体;使用该抗体建立了测定人体尿液中的苄基丙二酸的间接竞争酶联免疫吸附方法(ic-ELISA),方法线性范围为1.0×10-2～1.0×103ng/mL,最低检测浓度为0.01 ng/mL,板内差异为5.5%,板间差异在3.8%～7.8%的范围内;用于实际尿样中苄基丙二酸的测定,回收率为87.8%～115.1%。     

Antigens synthesis and antibodies preparation for furazolidone and its metabolite 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone

<正>Two haptens of 3-[(5-amino-furan-2-ylmethylene)amino]oxazolidin-5-one(FZ-NH_2) and 3-{[(4-carboxyphenyl)methylene]-amino} -2-oxazolidinone(CPAOZ) were synthesized.For FZ-NH_2,immunogens were prepared by glutaraldehyde and diazo salt methods.For CPAOZ,immunogens were connected by the methods of the active ester and mixed acid anhydride.Compared with the combination,indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ic-ELISA) was developed with coating antigen of FZ-NH_2 -OVA via the glutaraldehyde method and immunogen of CPAOZ-KLH via active ester method.For furazolidone and its metabolite AOZ(NPAOZ as derivative),the sensitivities(IC_(50)) were 2.0μg/L and 2.5μg/L,limits of detection(IC_(15)) were 0.09μg/L and 0.25μg/L,respectively.A sensitive method was developed for the simultaneous determination of furazolidone in feed and its metabolite AOZ in tissue.     

Determination of Dimethyl Phthalate in Environment Water Samples by a Highly Sensitive Indirect Competitive ELISA

Recent controversy over the discovery of clouding agents containing the banned chemical di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in beverages in 2011 in Taiwan has caused public concerns. For the detection of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) in environment water samples, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) was developed in this paper. Dimethyl 4-aminophthalate (4-DMAP) was covalently attached to bovine serum albumin as immunogen by a diazotization method. The conjugation of DMAP and ovalbumin as coating antigen was obtained in the same way. Polyclonal antibody was obtained from New Zealand white rabbits. Under the optimized conditions, DMP was detected in the concentration range of 0.02–419 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.01 ng/mL. The proposed method has been applied to the analysis of river water, lake water, and rain water samples. Satisfactory recoveries were obtained ranging from 90.6% to 105.5%. The cross-reactivities of the anti-DMP antibody to seven structurally related phthalate esters were below 10%. The data demonstrated that the ic-ELISA method described in our study is a simple, sensitive, and specific method and showed that this assay is a reliable tool to detect DMP in water samples.     

Development of a Monoclonal Antibody-Based ELISA for the Detection of Oxytetracycline and 4-Epi-Oxytetracycline Residues in Chicken Tissues

In this study, a specific monoclonal antibody (Mab) against oxytetracycline (OTC) and its metabolite 4-epi-Oxytetracycline (4-epi-OTC) was produced. Based on this Mab, a sensitive and reliable method indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) was developed for the detection of OTC and 4-epi-OTC from chicken meats. The ic-ELISA showed a 50% inhibition (IC₅₀) value of 2.01 ± 0.16 ng/ml and a detection limit of 0.13 ± 0.03 ng/ml. The recoveries from chicken muscles and livers spiked with OTC of 50–600 ng/g were 83.33–88.25% and 84.62–86.12%, respectively. The intra-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) were 4.73–9.31%, and the inter-assay CVs were 6.44–11.01%. The method showed a positive correlation with the traditional method HPLC (R² = 0.997) within a certain concentration of OTC used in this assay. The method developed in this study was simple and independent of specific expensive equipment. Thus, it could be useful as a convenient method to detect OTC residues.     

电荷注入检测器电感耦合等离子体光谱仪测定非金属元素的分析性能

研究了电荷注入检测器ICP光谱仪测定非金属元素的分析性能。以S、P、As、Se为代表的非金属元素在170－800nm波段内最灵敏的谱线均处于175－200nm远紫外区内。在此区内等离子体有很低的光谱背景发射和良好的谱线测量和背景测量的光度精度。标准曲线线性动态范围在4个数量级。给出了As,Se,S,P主要分析线的灵敏度、线背比、背景等效浓度及检出限。在纯水溶液中的检出限分别为：As 189.142nm 0.003mg/L,P213.618nm 0.005mg/L,S 180.731nm 0.01mg/L,Se 196.090nm 0.009mg/L.     

电荷注入检测器电感耦合等离子体光谱仪测定铂族元素的性能

研究了用电荷注入检测器等离子体光谱仪测定铂族元素的分析性能。结果表明铂族元素有较好的检出限和10^4以上的线性动态范围，铂族元素间光谱干扰很少，在元素浓度＞1mg/L时测量精度可优于1％，钠对铂族元素的影响是轻微的。     

Production of ginseng saponin and polysaccharide by cell cultures ofPanax notoginseng andPanax ginseng

The effects of various combinations of the two kinds of phytohormones, auxin and cytokinin, on cell growth and production of ginseng saponin and polysaccharide were investigated in suspension cultures ofPanax notoginseng. It was found that a high concentration of kinetin (KT) (7 mg/L) seriously inhibited cell growth, but that of benzyl adenine (BA) did not. Under 0.7 mg/L of cytokinin (i.e., KT and BA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) at 0.2 mg/L was better for the cell cultures than that at 2 or 20 mg/L; and for both naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and indole acetic acid (IAA), 20 mg/L was their best level for the cell cultures. The highest cell concentration of 11.9 g/L (by dry wt) was obtained with the combination of 0.2 mg/L of 2,4-D and 0.7 mg/L of BA. The highest saponin content of 13.9% was achieved under 2.0 mg/L IAA and 0.07 mg/L KT; its highest production, i.e., 1.13 g/L, was obtained at 0.2 mg/L of 2,4-D and 0.7 mg/L of KT. Under 20 mg/L NAA and 0.7 mg/L KT, the highest polysaccharide content and production were reached, i.e., 16.4% and 1.86 g/L, respectively. In this work, the effects of phytohormones onP. ginseng cell cultures were also studied. A high saponin production of 1.78 g/L was observed at 10 mg/L of indole butyric acid and 0.1 mg/L of BA, and the highest production of polysaccharide (1.95 g/L) was reached with the combination of 10 mg/L NAA and 0.1 mg/L KT.     

离子色谱-抑制电导检测法同时测定草甘膦母液中的含磷副产物及无机阴离子

建立了一种抑制电导检测-离子色谱(IC)同时测定草甘膦生产工艺中母液里的草甘膦及其副产物、无机阴离子的方法。样品经过滤后直接进样,色谱条件: IonPac AS11-HC分离柱(250 mm×4 mm)和IonPac AG11-HC保护柱(50 mm×4 mm),在线淋洗液发生器KOH梯度淋洗,流速1.0 mL/min,采用抑制电导检测。草甘膦、甲基草甘膦、六甲基磷酰三胺(HMPA)、增甘膦、亚磷酸、磷酸、Cl~和SO2~4的线性范围分别为0.1～20 mg/L、0.1～20 mg/L、0.1～50 mg/L、0.25～50 mg/L、0.05～20 mg/L、0.2～50 mg/L、0.02～20 mg/L和0.05～50 mg/L,相关系数分别为0.9995、0.9993、0.9999、0.9998、0.9999、0.9985、0.9999和0.9980,加标回收率为93.7%～104.0%,相对标准偏差均小于2.5% (n=7),检出限(以信噪比(S/N)=3计)为0.002～0.025 mg/L。该方法用于草甘膦生产工艺中母液里草甘膦及其含磷副产物和无机阴离子的测定,结果令人满意。