高效液相色谱-柱后衍生法检测养殖水体及沉积物中11种磺胺药物残留

建立了养殖水体及沉积物中11种磺胺化合物的高效液相色谱-柱后衍生分析方法。养殖水体过滤后采用HLB固相萃取柱进行净化、富集;沉积物采用甲醇/EDTA-Mcllvaine缓冲液(1:1, v/v)提取,HLB固相萃取柱净化富集。经高效液相色谱分离,用荧光胺衍生试剂进行柱后衍生,荧光检测器检测。对柱后衍生系统参数进行了优化,确定了荧光胺溶液的浓度、流速和反应温度分别为0.2 g/L、0.15 mL/min和50 ℃,磺胺化合物在0.01~1.0 mg/L范围内线性显著,其相关系数r²值大于0.99995。11种磺胺类药物在养殖水体和沉积物中的加标回收率分别为79.3%~100.7%和74.6%~95.3%,相对标准偏差为2.2%~11.0%和2.6%~10.3%,检出限(LOD, S/N=3)为0.9~5.5 ng/L和0.3~1.3 μg/kg,定量限(LOQ, S/N=10)为3.0~18.1 ng/L和1.0~4.4 μg/kg。该法可应用于养殖环境中磺胺类药物的定性定量检测,具有较好的实用性。     

柱后衍生高效液相色谱法测定虾中14种磺胺类药物残留量

建立了虾中14种磺胺类药物残留量的柱后衍生高效液相色谱检测方法。样品在加入内标物磺胺吡啶后用乙酸乙酯提取,提取液浓缩后用4 mL乙酸乙酯溶解残余物,用盐酸溶液反萃取,正己烷去脂,盐酸溶液经滤膜过滤后,加入乙腈、甲醇和3.5 mol/L乙酸钠溶液（体积比为5：5：20）的混合溶液混匀后,经高效液相色谱分离,用荧光胺衍生试剂进行柱后衍生,荧光检测器检测。采用基质标样添加法绘制标准曲线,内标法定量。对柱后衍生系统参数进行了优化,确定了荧光胺溶液的浓度、流速和反应温度分别为0.2 g/L、0.15 mL/min和50℃。14种磺胺类药物在5~200 μg/L范围内具有良好的线性。磺胺类药物的定量限（LOQ,S/N=10）为1.0~5.0 μg/kg。在1.0~100.0 μg/kg添加水平内,磺胺类药物的平均回收率为77.8%~103.6%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.9%~9.1%（n=6）。实验结果表明该方法灵敏、准确,重复性好,适用于虾中磺胺类药物的残留检测。     

改良QuEChERS/HPLC-光化学在线衍生荧光检测法测定猪肉中18种磺胺类药物残留量

建立了猪肉中磺胺类药物的改良Qu ECh ERS/高效液相色谱-光化学在线衍生荧光检测方法。样品用1%乙酸-乙腈溶液提取,PSA,C18和石墨化碳黑(GCB)混合粉末作为吸附剂,Qu ECh ERS净化后进行HPLC分析,以Platisil ODS色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)分离,在线光化学衍生后进入荧光检测器检测。选择激发波长为320 nm,发射波长为450 nm,柱温36℃,流动相为0.3%冰乙酸-甲醇,梯度洗脱,可实现18种待测组分的基线分离。在优化实验条件下,18种磺胺类药物的质量浓度在0.05~110.28μg·m L-1范围内与其峰面积呈良好线性,相关系数均大于0.992 0。方法检出限(S/N=3)为1~18μg·kg-1,定量下限(S/N=10)为3~60μg·kg-1。加标水平为0.02~4.49 mg·kg-1时,猪肉中18种磺胺类药物的平均回收率为71.2%~113.4%,绝大部分集中在80%~100%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.8%~8.7%。该方法前处理快速简便、选择性强、有机溶剂用量少,检测可靠,准确性和灵敏度高,适用于猪肉中磺胺类药物残留的快速检测。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定鱼肉中22种磺胺类药物残留

结合QuEChERS前处理技术,提出了测定鱼肉中22种磺胺类残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。样品用含0.1%(体积分数,下同)甲酸的乙腈溶液提取后,经QuEChERS试剂盒净化。净化液在Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱上分离,以0.1%甲酸溶液-甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱。采用电喷雾正离子源及计划式多反应监测模式进行测定,以内标法定量。磺胺硝苯、磺胺、磺胺喹噁啉的线性范围为0.5~50μg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)为0.5μg·L-1;其他19种磺胺类兽药的线性范围为0.1~50μg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)为0.1μg·L-1。加标回收率在78.2%~118%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在3.4%~19%之间。方法用于鱼肉中多种磺胺类药物残留的快速测定,结果与标准方法测定结果一致。     

柱前衍生-高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定罐头食品中的尿素

建立了罐头食品中尿素残留检测的柱前衍生-高效液相色谱-荧光检测方法.取5.0 g样品,经20 mL 1%(v/v)乙酸溶液提取、定容,离心后取上清液过滤,吸取0.5 mL提取液用呫吨醇进行衍生,采用高效液相色谱-荧光检测器进行测定.尿素在0.1~500 mg/L内线性良好,相关系数大于0.9995.实验表明,在5种罐头食品中各添加0.001~30 g/kg尿素,其平均回收率为80.2%~109.7%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.05%~6.53%,检出限为0.5 mg/kg,定量限为1.0 mg/kg.利用本研究建立的方法对168个实际样品进行测定,在3个肉类罐头样品中检出尿素,含量分别为10.6、62.1和2.6 mg/kg.方法稳定、可靠、操作简单,适用于罐头食品中尿素的检测.     

QuEChERS结合液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定奶酪中多类兽药残留

建立了一种快速测定奶酪中大环内酯类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类和四环素类共50种兽药残留的分析方法。方法采用改进后的QuEChERS对奶酪进行前处理。样品在加入Na₂EDTA缓冲液和陶瓷均质子后,在5%(v/v)醋酸乙腈条件下进行振荡提取,氯化钠和无水硫酸钠用于盐析,经C₁₈吸附剂净化后,供液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定。目标化合物经ZORBAX-SB-C₁₈柱梯度分离,在正离子动态多反应监测模式下进行检测。结果表明,奶酪中50种兽药的定量限(LOQ)为0.05~20 μg/kg;在3个添加浓度(20、50、100 μg/kg)下(n=6),平均回收率在70%~120%范围内的比例分别为94%、92%和96%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1%~14%。对市售的7个样品进行测定,其中两个样品分别检出了微量的罗红霉素和氟甲喹兽药残留。该方法快速简便,适用于奶酪中兽药残留的快速检测和日常监控。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定凉茶中非法添加的12种化学药物

建立了凉茶中马来酸氯苯那敏、吡罗昔康、α-细辛脑等12种非法添加的化学药物的QuEChERS结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)的检测方法。样品经乙腈提取,应用QuEChERS技术净化,经0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤后进行UPLC-MS/MS测定,以乙腈-0.1%(v/v)乙酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,在XBridge BEH C₁₈柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 3.5 μm)上实现12种化学药物的基线分离。该方法采用多反应监测(MRM)正离子模式扫描,标准曲线外标法定量。12种待测物在各自的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.997,检出限为0.1~2.1 μg/L,定量限为0.4~8.0 μg/L。在3个不同添加水平下的平均回收率为62.7%~95.2%, RSD为1.3%~10.8%。应用该方法对市面上销售的74批次凉茶进行了筛查测定,部分样品的测定结果为阳性。该方法操作简单,净化效果好,灵敏度高,适用于凉茶中12种非法添加的化学药物的快速分析。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定调制乳中3种磺胺类药物残留

建立了一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定调制乳中磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶和磺胺二甲基嘧啶残留的方法。调制乳经1%(v/v)乙酸水溶液和甲醇提取、沉淀蛋白质,HLB固相萃柱萃取净化处理后上机检测。采用ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱,以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,使用电喷雾离子源,在正离子模式下进行数据采集。采用基质标准样品添加法绘制标准曲线,外标法定量,方法的定量限为1 μg/kg。在1~100 μg/L范围内3种磺胺类药物标准曲线的线性关系良好(相关系数(R²)≥0.998);在1、2和10 μg/kg 3个加标水平下,方法的回收率为76.5%~101.9%,相对标准偏差为1.2%~12.4%。该方法简便、快速、实用、准确,各项技术指标满足国内外法规的要求,可用于调制乳中磺胺类药物残留的确证检测。     

在线净化液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定牛奶中的6种孕激素

建立了在线净化液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定牛奶中炔诺酮、17α-羟基孕酮、甲羟孕酮、乙酸甲地孕酮、孕酮和醋酸美伦孕酮6种孕激素的方法。本方法采用乙腈为提取溶剂提取目标化合物。提取液经在线净化柱Cyclone-P净化,经Phenyl-Hexyl色谱柱分离,流动相采用0.5%（v/v）甲酸水溶液-乙腈,在电喷雾正离子模式下以多反应监测（MRM）方式测定,内标法定量。方法在0.1~50 μg/L范围内呈线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.999。6种分析物的测定低限为0.5 μg/kg,在牛奶中3个水平的添加回收率在90.8%~107.5%之间,相对标准偏差在6.3%~11.8%之间。该方法快速简便,灵敏度高,选择性好,可用于牛奶样品中孕激素的快速定性定量分析。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡蛋中125种兽药残留

采用冷冻脂质过滤,结合分散固相萃取净化的QuEChERS方法,建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡蛋中125种兽药残留的检测方法。样品中的11类兽药（硝基咪唑类、苯并咪唑类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类、四环素类、大环内酯类、雄激素类、孕激素类、糖皮质醇类、雌激素类、氯霉素类）用70%（v/v）乙腈-水溶液（含0.1 mol/L EDTA）提取后,提取液在-20℃冷冻处理2 h,再经分散固相萃取法净化,净化液经稀释后,以超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定,外标法定量。结果显示125种兽药的线性相关系数R²≥0.99,定量限范围为2.0~60 μg/kg,回收率在60.4%~119.3%之间,相对标准偏差在0.3%~16.1%之间。该方法前处理简单、准确、成本较低,适用于鸡蛋中兽药残留的高通量快速检测分析。     

Use of Griess reagent containing vanadium(III) for post-column derivatization and simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate in baby food

An ion chromatographic method with post-column derivatization and spectrophotometric detection is presented for the determination of nitrate and nitrite (NOx) in baby food. NOx residues found naturally or added as preservatives were extracted from baby foods and determined by using ion chromatography with post-column derivatization and spectrophotometric detection. Nitrate was reduced to nitrite online by post-column reduction using vanadium(lll) chloride and heat. Nitrite reacted with Griess reagent to produce a dye that was detected at 525 nm. The use of V(III) and heat to promote the reduction of nitrate to nitrite online is a novel feature of this detection system. The determination of incurred NOx residues in samples by using AOAC Method 993.03 yielded results comparable to those obtained by ion chromatography with spectrophotometric detection. The toxic and carcinogenic metal cadmium used in the AOAC Method to reduce the nitrate to nitrite was avoided. The proposed method provides simultaneous determination of nitrate and nitrite. Average recoveries of nitrate and nitrite residues ranged from 82 to 107% for fortification levels of 25-400 ppm.     

Determination of 19 sulfonamides residues in pork samples by combining QuEChERS with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by UHPLC–MS/MS

A new simple and rapid pretreatment method for simultaneous determination of 19 sulfonamides in pork samples was developed through combining the QuEChERS method with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The sample preparation involves extraction/partitioning with QuEChERS method followed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction using tetrachloroethane as extractive solvent and the acetonitrile extract as dispersive solvent that obtained by QuEChERS. The enriched tetrachloroethane organic phase by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction was evaporated, reconstituted with 100 μL acetonitrile/water (1:9 v/v) and injected into an ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and 0.1% v/v formic acid under gradient elution and separated using a BHE C₁₈ column. Various parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated. Matrix‐matched calibration curves were established. Good linear relationships were obtained for all analytes in a range of 2.0–100 μg/kg and the limits of detection were 0.04–0.49 μg/kg. Average recoveries at three spiking levels were in the range of 78.3–106.1% with relative standard deviations less than 12.7% (n = 6). The developed method was successfully applied to determine sulfonamide residues in pork samples.     

离子色谱-在线柱后电化学衍生-荧光法测定酪氨酸

采用自制电解池作为电化学衍生装置,建立了离子色谱一电化学衍生一荧光法测定饮料中的酪氨酸。在碱性淋洗液作用下,酪氨酸在阴离子交换柱上被分离,到达自制电解池的阳极室,在阳极上被氧化,氧化后的产物因具有较强的荧光而被荧光检测器检测。离子化试剂既可以做色谱分离所需的淋洗液,又可以作为电化学反应优良的支持电解液,因此,离子色谱和电化学衍生具有较好的兼容性。最佳的实验条件为：淋洗液NaOH（10mmol／L）＋乙腈（ACN,1＋9）,流动相流速1．0mL／min,电解池电压1．0V,激发／发射波长320／420NM。在优化的实验条件下,酪氨酸的线性范围为0．01～10mg／L,检出限为1．2μg／L（信噪比S／N=3）。50μg／L的酪氨酸标准溶液进样7次,得到的色谱峰面积相对标准偏差为2．5％。方法具有快速,灵敏和选择性好的特点,并成功用于饮料中酪氨酸的测定。     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定牛奶中氯霉素的残留量

建立了对牛奶中氯霉素的残留量进行检测的高效液相色谱-荧光检测方法。氯霉素还原后在温和条件下与荧光胺发生衍生化反应,采用十八烷基键合硅胶固定相,以乙腈/四氢呋喃/0.02 mol/L醋酸钠-醋酸缓冲液(pH 6.0)(体积比为16∶8∶76)为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温40 ℃,荧光检测激发波长为410 nm,发射波长为508 nm。在上述实验条件下,氯霉素检测的线性范围为0.4~800 μg/L (r2=0.9999),检出限为0.2　μg/L。当空白样品中氯霉素添加水平为2~40 μg/L时,该方法的回收率为66.6%~92.8%,相对标准偏差为4.5%~9.4%。该方法适用于牛奶中氯霉素痕量残留的监测,具有干扰小、选择性好、灵敏度高等优点。     

Dispersive solid-phase extraction for the determination of sulfonamides in chicken muscle by liquid chromatography

A new, fast and low-cost sample preparation for the determination of sulfonamide (SA) residues in chicken muscle by LC technique has been developed. The procedure involves single extraction of sample with acetonitrile, followed by a rapid clean-up and was called "dispersive solid-phase extraction" (dispersive SPE). Using dispersive SPE 25 mg of octadecyl sorbent was added to 1 ml of acetonitrile extract, mixed and centrifuged. The acetonitrile layer was evaporated and residue was dissolved in acetate buffer (pH 3.5). Analysed compounds were detected by fluorescence detector after pre-column derivatization with fluorescamine. The separation of analytes was performed with gradient elution with mobile phase methanol: 2% acetic acid and RP-LC analytical column. The whole procedure was evaluated for six sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfametoxypirydazine, sulfametoxazole and sulfadimetoxine) according to the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Specificity, decision limit (CCalpha), detection capacity (CCbeta), trueness and precision were determined during validation process. The dispersive SPE with octadecyl sorbent was found suitable for sample preparation before sulfonamide determination in chicken muscle. As it was found the most of endogenous matrix components were removed and the analytes were isolated from spiked samples with recoveries above 90%. The used analytical conditions allow to successively separate all the tested sulfonamides with the limit of detection at the level of 1-5 microg/kg. The method is simple, rapid and more effective than conventional methods.     

复合免疫亲和柱-高效液相色谱法同时测定谷物及其制品中9种真菌毒素

建立了复合免疫亲和柱-在线光化学衍生-高效液相色谱同时测定谷物及其制品中9种真菌毒素的检测方法。以乙腈-水（80：20,v/v）混合溶液提取样品中9种真菌毒素,提取液经自制真菌毒素复合免疫亲和柱净化,采用高效液相色谱进行分离,在线光化学衍生后进入荧光检测器测定,外标法定量。结果表明,9种真菌毒素在相应浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999;在低、中、高3个不同加标浓度下,9种真菌毒素的回收率均大于80%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.0%~5.6%;方法的检出限（LOD）为0.02~5.00 μg/kg,定量限（LOQ）为0.07~16.70 μg/kg。该方法具有重现性好、灵敏度高、结果准确的特点,适用于谷物及其制品中9种真菌毒素残留的分析检测。     

Quantitative liquid chromatographic determination of cefatrizine in serum and urine by fluorescence detection after post-column derivatization

A fast, specific and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the determination of cefatrizine, an orally active cephalosporin, in serum and urine is proposed. The drug is determined by the internal standard method, using cephradine as the internal standard. The separation is carried out on a reversed-phase column, filled with octadecylsilane chemically bonded microparticles. The eluent is a mixture of acetonitrile with 0.025 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7). Quantitation is effected by fluorescence detection of the fluorophores formed after post-column derivatization with fluorescamine in a packed-bed reactor. The chromatographic conditions and the conditions for the post-column derivatization are discussed. The method has been applied to serum and urine samples, which were analysed after deproteinization with trichloroacetic acid and injection of the clear supernatant. The accuracy and reproducibility of the procedure were investigated by the determination of the cefatrizine content in spiked serum and urine samples.     

Application of matrix solid-phase dispersion and high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of sulfonamides in honey

A novel method for simultaneous determination of 8 sulfonamide residues (sulfathiazole, sulfapyridine, sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamonome-thoxine, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfadimethoxine) in honey samples by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed on the basis of precolumn derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl-chloroformate (FMOC-Cl). Sulfonamide residues in honey samples were extracted and purified by matrix solid-phase dispersion with C18 as the solid support. The residues were derivatized by FMOC-CI, and the FMOC-sulfonamide derivatives were further purified by solid-phase extraction with silica gel as the solid support prior to HPLC analysis. The average recoveries for most sulfonamide compounds at different spiking levels (from 10 to 250 microg/kg) were > 70% with relative standard deviations < 16%, and their limits of detection were 4.0 microg/kg. The established analytical method has high sensitivity and repeatability and can be applicable for determining the sulfonamide residues in various honey matrixes.