预制层溅射气压对CIGS薄膜结构及器件的影响

研究了金属预制层制备过程中溅射气压对Cu(In_1-xGa_x)Se₂(CIGS)薄膜及电池器件性能的影响.通过调节溅射气压改变预制层的结晶状态及疏松度与粗糙度,在合适的预制层结构下,活性硒化热处理过程中,可使Ga有效地掺入到薄膜中形成优质的CIGS固溶体.高溅射气压会使预制层过于致密,呈现非晶态趋势.经活性硒化热处理后,CIGS薄膜容易产生CIS与CGS"两相分离"现象,从而导致CIGS薄膜太阳电池的开路电压和填充因子降低,电池转换效率由10.03%降低到5.02%.     

热裂解活化硒对CIGS太阳电池开路电压的影响

考察了通过自主研发的高温热裂解辅助硒化装置所产生的高活性硒对CIGS薄膜结构和器件性能的影响.通过调节高温裂解系统的温度可以有效调节不同的硒活性.研究发现, 第一台阶HC-Se气氛可以提高CIGS薄膜表面的Ga含量, 使得CIGS薄膜内的Ga分布更加平缓, 进而提高CIGS薄膜表面禁带宽度.而且HC-Se气氛可以消除CIGS"两相分离"现象.两种因素的共同作用使得CIGS薄膜太阳电池的开路电压提高了34.6%.电池转换效率从6.02%提升至8.76%, 增长了45.5%.     

用BP神经网络诊断电动机断条

本文对感应电动机故障诊断原理和方法进行了分析，并以电流频谱分析法为基础，应用BP神经网络诊断感应电动机转子断条数，给出了网络训练和测试结果，该方法根据感应电动机的运行状态参数，可以直接诊断出感应电动机转子的断条数的多少，具有智能化诊断，诊断准确，精度高等特点。该方法已应用于作者开发的虚拟电机故障分析诊断仪中，取出了很好的效果。     

Preparation of Cu（In,Ga）Se2 Thin Film Solar Cells by Selenization of Metallic Precursors in an Ar Atmosphere

Cu（In, Ga）Se2 thin films are deposited on Mo-coated glass substrates by Se vapour selenization of sputtered metallic precursors in the atmosphere of Ar gas flow under a pressure of about 10 Pa. The in situ heat treatment of as-grown precursor leads to the formation of a better alloy. During selenization, the growth of CuInSe2 phase preferably proceeds through Se-poor phases as CuSe and InSe at relatively low substrate temperature of 250℃, due to the absence of In2Se3 at intermediate stage at low reactor pressure. Subsequently, the Cu（In,Ga）Se2 phase is produced by the reactive diffusion of CuInSe2 with a Se-poor GaSe phase at high temperature of up to 560℃. The final film exhibits smooth surface and large grain size. The absorber is used to fabricate a glass/Mo/Cu（In, Ga）Se2/CdS/ZnO cell with the total-area efficiency of about 7%. The low open-circuit voltage value of the cell fabricated should result from the nonuniform distribution of In and Ga in the absorber, due to the diffusion-controlled reaction during the phase formation. The films, as well as devices, are characterized.     

关于符号计算与计算机辅助教学研究的紧迫性

随着计算机的普及，现在许多数学家、工程师、科研工作者已经开始用计算机代替纸和笔进行计算。众所周知，现有的计算机高级语言如C语言、Pascal语言、Basic语言等只适合于数值计算，不适合符号计算和公式推导。例如要计算一个8阶矩阵的特征根，用手工计算，可能需要一天的时间，而且很容易算错；如果用高级语言编写程序，既使对于熟练的程序员，其工作量也是非常大的。但若用Mathematica、Maple、Reduce等符号计算软件，则在几分钟内就可以得到结果。符号计算软件（包括Mathematica，Maple，Reduce）是近二十年来发展起来的计算机软件…     

恒温发热PTC热敏元件达到国际先进水平

恒温发热ＰＴＣ热敏元件达到国际先进水平张喜哲，何青（中国科学院金属研究所，沈阳１１００１５）中国科学院金属研究所在ＰＴＣ材料的研制、开发和生产过程中，经过几年坚持不懈的努力，现在已能大规模生产高性能ＰＴＣ热敏元件。其性能达到国际先进水平。ＰＴＣ即英文...     

衬底对Cu(In,Ga)Se2薄膜织构的影响

分别在苏打石灰玻璃、Mo箔、无择优取向的Mo薄膜以及(110)择优取向的Mo薄膜四种不同衬底上，采用共蒸发工艺沉积约2 μm厚的Cu(In,Ga)Se₂薄膜，用X射线衍射仪测量薄膜的织构，研究衬底对Cu(In,Ga)Se₂薄膜织构的影响.在以上四种衬底上沉积的Cu(In,Ga)Se₂薄膜的(112)衍射峰强度依次逐渐减弱，(220/204)衍射峰从无到有且强度逐渐增强.在苏打石灰玻璃和Mo箔衬底上的Cu(In,Ga)Se_{2关键词： 择优取向 Cu(In 2}薄膜')" href="#">Ga)Se₂薄膜 太阳电池     

Mo Back Contact for Flexible Polyimide Substrate Cu（In,Ga）Se2 Thin-Film Solar Cells

A dc magnetic sputtering process is applied to growth of a Mo back. contact layer onto the flexible polyimide （PI） and rigid soda-lime glass （SLC） substrates. The structural and electrical properties of the Mo layer coated on the two kinds of substrates are investigated by x-ray diffraction （XRD） and Hall effect measurements. The results show that the Mo layer on SLG indicate more better crystal quality and lower resistivity than that on the PI sheets. In contrast to the SLG substrate, the resistivity of the Mo layer on PI is increased by the vacuum annealing process at the substrate temperature of 450℃ under Se atmosphere, which is attributed to the cracked Mo layer induced by the mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion between PI and Mo material. The Cu（In,Ga）Se2 （CIGS） solar cells based on the PI and SLO substrates show the best conversion efficiencies of 8.16% and 10.98% （active area, 0.2cm^2）, respectively. The cell efficiency of flexible CIGS solar cells on PI is limited by its relatively lower fill factor caused by the Mo back contact.     

Raman scattering of polycrystalline GaSb thin films grownby co-evapouration process

<正>This paper reports that GaSb thin films have been co-deposited on soda-lime glass substrates.The GaSb thin film structural properties are characterized by Raman spectroscopy.The Sb-A_1g/GaSb-TO ratio decreases rapidly with the increase of substrate temperature,which suggests a small amount of crystalline Sb in the GaSb thin film and suggests that Sb atoms in the thin film decrease.In Raman spectra,the transverse optical（TO） mode intensity is stronger than that of the longitudinal optical（LO） mode,which indicates that all the samples are disordered.The LO/TO intensity ratio increases with increasing substrate temperature which suggests the improved polycrystalline quality of the GaSb thin film.A downshift of the TO and LO frequencies of the polycrystalline GaSb thin film to single crystalline bulk GaSb Raman spectra is also observed.The uniaxial stress in GaSb thin film is calculated and the value is around 1.0 GPa.The uniaxial stress decreases with increasing substrate temperature.These results suggest that a higher substrate temperature is beneficial in relaxing the stress in GaSb thin film.     

吸收层成份比例对CIGS太阳电池性能的影响

本文利用传统的共蒸发三步法制备了CIGS薄膜及电池器件,通过X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、扫描电镜(SEM)、Hall测试仪、太阳光模拟器I-V曲线测试等方法,研究了Cu和Ga元素比例的不同对电池二极管特性及效率的影响,获得了Cu/(In+ Ga)比值为0.89～0.93、Ga/(In+ Ga)比值为0.29～ 0.33是制备高效电池的理想范围的结论,并分析了偏离理想成份范围的电池性能下降的原因.最后通过工艺优化,制备出理想成份范围内的高质量CIGS薄膜,获得了15.27;的高转换效率电池.