固相萃取-柱后衍生-反相高效液相色谱法测定脱水蒜粉中的亚硫酸盐

建立了测定脱水蒜粉中亚硫酸盐含量的柱后衍生-反相高效液相色谱分析方法.样品用HCl/甘露醇缓冲溶液提取,经固相萃取(SPE)小柱净化本底并富集待测物后,与甲醛缓冲液反应生成稳定的化合物羟甲基磺酸盐,采用高效液相色谱柱及柱后衍生分离,紫外检测器检测,外标法定量.色谱柱为:Agila Venusil MP-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm),流动相为0.005 mol/L四丁基氢氧化铵离子溶液(pH 4),检测波长为450 nm,结果表明,检出限为2.0 mg/kg,在0.1～10.0 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2=0.9998,样品添加回收率为86.5%～97.6%,RSD为2.2%～4.0%(n=5).     

快速柱前衍生HPLC法检测曲格列汀中(R)-3-氨基哌啶

以邻苯二甲醛(OPA)和3-巯基丙酸为衍生试剂,建立了柱前衍生高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定曲格列汀中(R)-3-氨基哌啶含量的分析方法。(R)-3-氨基哌啶与衍生剂在碱性(p H 10.5)条件下于室温反应30s,进行柱前衍生,并利用高效液相色谱-质谱对衍生产物进行定性分析。采用YMC-Triart C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)分离,流动相采用0.05 mol/L乙酸钠(p H 6.0)-甲醇溶液,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长331 nm,柱温30℃。(R)-3-氨基哌啶质量浓度在0.08~2.0μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9993),定量限为1.6 ng,加标回收率在98.0%~10⁶.9%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.8%。该方法可用于曲格列汀中(R)-3-氨基哌啶含量测定。     

在线衍生高效液相色谱法测定酱油中Pb~(2+)和Ni~(2+)的含量

建立了湿法消解处理样品,反相高效液相色谱在线衍生同时测定酱油中Pb~(2+)和Ni~(2+)含量的方法。以二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠(Na DDTC)为衍生试剂,Hypersil ODS2 C-18反相色谱柱(5μm,250 mm×4.6mm)为固定相,甲醇-水-衍生剂(体积比63.5∶35∶1.5)为流动相进行检测。结果显示,Pb~(2+)与Ni~(2+)的线性范围为0.5~50μg/m L,相关系数(r~2)分别为0.998 2和0.999 0,检出限分别为0.3μg/m L和0.2μg/m L,样品加标回收率为88.1%~91.8%。该方法操作简单,准确度和精密度较好,可作为酱油样品中重金属离子测定的替代方法。     

免疫亲和柱净化-柱后光化学衍生-高效液相色谱法同时检测粮谷中的黄曲霉素、玉米赤霉烯酮和赭曲霉毒素A

建立了同时检测粮谷中黄曲霉毒素(B1、B2、G1和G2)、玉米赤霉烯酮和赭曲霉毒素A的免疫亲和柱净化-柱后光化学衍生-高效液相色谱方法.样品经过甲醇-水(体积比为80∶20)提取,通过免疫亲和柱富集和净化,采用Waters Nova-Pak色谱柱(3.9 mm I.d.×150 mm,4 μm),以甲醇、乙腈和1%的磷酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,柱后光化学衍生、改变波长荧光检测.黄曲霉毒素(B1、B2、G1和G2)、玉米赤霉烯酮和赭曲霉毒素A检出限分别为0.24,4.0和0.5 μg/kg,标准曲线的线性范围分别为0.24～6.0,4.0～100.0和0.5～40.0 μg/L;在小麦、玉米、黑麦样品中,平均加标回收率为70.8% ～94.0%,相对标准偏差为2.79% ～9.38%.     

衍生液提取-高效液相色谱法测定食品中甲醛

提出了高效液相色谱法测定了几种食品中甲醛含量。以衍生液2,4-二硝基苯肼乙腈溶液-pH 5的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(1+1)的混合溶液为提取剂对样品进行提取,以Agilent C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)为固定相,以甲醇-水(70+30)溶液为流动相分离。甲醛的测定下限(10S/N)为5.0 mg.kg-1。以鲜香菇、鲜鱿鱼、奶粉和面粉样品为基体,分别添加5.0,10.0,20.0 mg.kg-1甲醛标准溶液,回收率在73.3%~97.7%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.4%~5.0%之间。     

免疫亲和柱净化-柱后光化学衍生-高效液相色谱法同时检测粮谷中的黄曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮和赭曲霉毒素A

建立了同时检测粮谷中黄曲霉毒素(B1、B2、G1和G2)、玉米赤霉烯酮和赭曲霉毒素A的免疫亲和柱净化-柱后光化学衍生-高效液相色谱方法。样品经过甲醇-水(体积比为80∶20)提取,通过免疫亲和柱富集和净化,采用Waters Nova-Pak色谱柱(3.9 mm i.d.×150 mm,4 μm),以甲醇、乙腈和1%的磷酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,柱后光化学衍生、改变波长荧光检测。黄曲霉毒素(B1、B2、G1和G2)、玉米赤霉烯酮和赭曲霉毒素A检出限分别为0.24,4.0和0.5 μg/kg,标准曲线的线性范围分别为0.24~6.0,4.0~100.0和0.5~40.0 μg/L;在小麦、玉米、黑麦样品中,平均加标回收率为70.8% ~94.0%,相对标准偏差为2.79% ~9.38%。     

衍生-气相色谱法测定水产品中的游离甲醛

建立了水产品中游离甲醛残留量的衍生-气相色谱快速检测方法,对衍生剂、抗干扰剂、萃取剂、色谱条件进行了研究.用HP-5 (30 m×0.32 mm i.d.,0.25 μm)毛细管色谱柱,程序升温,γ-ECD检测器,外标法定量.甲醛的检出限为0.05 mg/kg,在0.1～20.0 mg/L范围内,其线性相关系数R2=0.9994,标准偏差为0.041,在0.5、 1.5、 5.0 mg/kg 3个添加水平下回收率为89.6%～102.6%.3个实验室间的RSD为2.7%～4.4%.     

高效液相色谱柱后衍生测定鸡组织中甲基盐霉素残留量

建立了鸡组织中甲基盐霉素的高效液相色谱柱后衍生化分析方法.样品经异辛烷提取,离心后上层有机相过硅胶固相萃取小柱,洗脱液浓缩后用V(甲醇)∶ V(水)=90∶ 10混合液溶解.采用Inertsil ODS-3 C18柱,以V(甲醇): V(乙酸)∶ V(水)=94∶ 3∶ 3为流动相,香草醛为衍生剂进行高效液相色谱柱后衍生分析,520 nm检测,外标法定量.方法检出限为6 μg/kg; 定量限为20 μg/kg; 添加浓度在20～1800 μg/kg范围内,平均添加回收率为76.4%～93.1%; 批内相对标准偏差(RSD)在2.6%～8.9%之间; 批间相对标准偏差(RSD)在4.7%～9.7%之间.样品浓度在0.07～10.0 mg/L范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r>0.9993.     

柱前衍生高效液相色谱-质谱法测定水稻中尼克烟酰胺含量

建立了柱前衍生高效液相色谱-质谱联用(HPLC-MS)测定水稻中尼克烟酰胺含量的方法.样品中尼克烟酰胺经水提取后,与9-芴甲基氯甲酸酯(FMOC-Cl)衍生,采用液相色谱质谱联用仪测定.系统研究了衍生剂浓度和衍生介质等条件对衍生效率的影响.通过优化流动相酸度和梯度洗脱等条件,提高了方法灵敏度.尼克烟酰胺在0.1～5.0 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9983),对水稻的根、茎、叶及大米的标准加入实验表明,方法的添加回收率在72.0%～89.2%之间; 相对标准偏差为2.3%～9.6%; 方法检出限为0.05 mg/kg.方法简便、准确可靠,可以满足水稻中生理水平尼克烟酰胺的定性定量分析.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定尿液与血清中23种双酚类化合物

建立了基于吡啶-3-磺酰氯衍生和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测尿液和血清中23种双酚类化合物(BPs)的方法。尿液样品采用乙酸乙酯提取;血清样品采用乙腈提取,上清液经PRiME HLB柱净化。提取液经吡啶-3-磺酰氯衍生后,以乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱进行分离。质谱离子源为电喷雾电离源,正离子模式检测。23种目标物在0.005～100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,检出限为0.002～0.030μg/L,定量下限为0.005～0.100μg/L,回收率为76.6%～122%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.60%～14%。使用建立的方法分别对20份尿液和20份血清样品进行了检测。该方法样品用量少,灵敏度高,可以满足尿液和血清样品中23种BPs的同时测定要求。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.