La或N掺杂SiC纳米线的制备、场发射性能及第一性原理计算

采用化学气相沉积法和气相掺杂法, 分别制备了La 或N掺杂的SiC 纳米线. 利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线能量色散谱(EDS)分析和X射线衍射(XRD)等测试手段对两种产物的微观形貌、元素组成和物相结构进行了系统表征. 以合成产物作为阴极, 对其场发射性能进行测试, 结果表明: SiC 纳米线的开启电场值和阈值电场值由未掺杂的2.3、6.6 V·μm^-1分别降低为1.2、5.2 V·μm^-1(La 掺杂)和0.9、0.4 V·μm^-1(N 掺杂). 采用Material Studio 软件中的Castep 模块建立(3×3×2)晶格结构模型, 对未掺杂、La 或N掺杂SiC 的能带结构和态密度进行计算, 结果显示: La或N掺杂后, 在费米能级附近产生了新的La 5d或N 2p掺杂能级, 导致禁带宽度(带隙)变窄, 使得价带电子更容易跨越禁带进入导带, 从而改善SiC纳米线的场发射性能.     

铈掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备及其催化性能

以TiCl4为原料、Ce(NO3)3·6H2O为稀土掺杂剂,制备了不同掺杂量的Ce/TiO2粉体,并进行了DTA-TG,XRD,SEM和TEM表征.实验主要考察铈掺杂对TiO2粉体的表面形状和光催化活性的影响.结果表明,掺铈能明显改善样品的团聚状态,有利于样品比表面积的增大.SEM和TEM对500℃的焙烧样品表征结果,掺杂样品二次颗粒的成孔性远好于没有掺杂的纯样品.掺杂量从m(CeO2)=0.5%增加到m(CeO2)=8%,样品的比表面积增加了74m2·g-1;活性评价结果表明,掺杂铈可有效提高催化剂的光催化活性,其中m(CeO2)=1%的样品活性最好.     

乙酰丙酮钛螯合物掺杂丙烯酸酯共聚物水溶胶

乙酰丙酮钛螯合物掺杂丙烯酸酯共聚物水溶胶;乙酰丙酮钛螯合物; 丙烯酸酯共聚物水溶胶;掺杂     

金属氧化物掺杂改善LiFePO4电化学性能

采用氧化物前驱体对磷酸铁锂(LiFePO₄)进行少量金属离子掺杂，并用XRD，SEM和恒电流充放电对掺杂的LiFePO₄进行了研究。结果表明，少量的掺杂离子在很大程度上提高了LiFePO₄的电化学性能，特别是大电流放电性能。1.0 mol%的Nb⁵⁺掺杂LiFePO₄的0.1 C放电容量约150 mAh·g^-1；即使在3 C倍率下放电，也有117 mAh·g^-1的容量。掺杂的效果与掺杂离子的半径、价态密切相关，半径小、价态高的离子对提高LiFePO₄的电化学性能有利。在掺杂量较小时(<2.0 mol%)，掺杂效果与掺杂离子的浓度关系不大。     

FeCl3掺杂聚苯胺催化合成苯甲醛1，2-丙二醇缩醛

FeCl3掺杂聚苯胺催化合成苯甲醛1;2-丙二醇缩醛;缩醛;三氯化铁;聚苯胺;掺杂     

多金属氧酸盐掺杂聚苯胺电子聚合物——多金属氧酸盐与HCl共掺杂聚苯胺HCl-SiW11Co/Pan的合成及其性质

多金属氧酸盐掺杂聚苯胺电子聚合物——多金属氧酸盐与HCl共掺杂聚苯胺HCl-SiW11Co/Pan的合成及其性质;聚苯胺;多金属氧酸盐;掺杂;光电磁性质     

Ca2．9M0．1Co4O9（M=Ag，La，Ba）复合氧化物体系的制备及电输运性能

采用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶结合放电等离子烧结方法制备了p型Ca位掺杂的Ca2.9M0.1Co4O9(M=Ag,La,Ba)复合氧化物块体试样,对其进行X射线衍射(XRD)分析,表明产物为单一物相,Ca位掺杂原子可以改变Ca2.9Co4O9多晶体的取向度,掺杂试样取向度随着掺杂原子电负性的降低而提高;对其进行扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析结果表明,试样呈层状结构,且层状结构随掺杂原子电负性降低而逐渐明显;电性能分析结果表明,测试温度范围内掺杂试样各温度点的电阻率随着掺杂原子电负性的降低而升高,所有试样的载流子传输层未受影响,导电机理未发生变化.其中掺杂电负性最高的Ag原子的烧结体保持最低取向度的同时具有最低的电阻率,在973 K时达6.87 mΩ·cm,而掺杂电负性最低的Ba原子的烧结体具有高的取向度的同时具有较高的电阻率,在973 K时达8.22 mΩ·cm.     

金属离子掺杂对TiO2光催化性能的影响

TiO₂光催化反应过程涉及光生电荷、电荷迁移、电荷在TiO₂表面的反应和溶液体相反应4个顺序相接并相互影响的步骤.在TiO₂中掺杂金属离子对以上4个步骤均有重要影响,合理的掺杂可有效地提高其光催化性能.本文综合了国内外此方面的最新研究成果,从提高TiO₂光催化性能和优化光催化反应的角度出发,在材料吸光能力、电荷扩散、表面反应、粒径和晶型等方面,全面地分析总结了金属离子掺杂的影响效果和规律性认识,并对TiO₂基光催化材料的金属离子掺杂改性研究的未来发展方向提出了建议.文中还简要介绍了相关的掺杂方法和材料表征手段.     

导电聚苯胺的合成、结构、性能和应用

概述了中国科学院长春应用化学研究所对导电聚苯胺合成、结构、性能和应用的研究.从合成可溶性的聚苯胺入手,阐明了聚苯胺的若干基本化学和结构问题,提出并证明了掺杂态聚苯胺的结构模型和掺杂机理;除了质子酸掺杂外,发现了聚苯胺的碘氧化掺杂、光助氧化掺杂和K+注入还原掺杂;开发了分别以环氧树脂和聚氨酯为载体的聚苯胺防腐涂料;运用掺杂剂诱导的溶解性,通过合成带聚乙二醇链的膦酸掺杂剂,实现了导电态聚苯胺的水体系加工.其中的聚苯胺树脂及防腐涂料的生产技术,已经完成中试,正在走向产业化.     

聚乙炔的离子注入法掺杂

<正> 离子注入是一种物理摻杂方法,在半导体器件的制备中已得到广泛的应用,它与常规的化学、电化学或热扩散掺杂相比具有一些特点:可以通过质量分析器选取单一的注入离子,故掺杂杂质的纯度高;根据注入离子的剂量和能量,精确控制到掺人杂质的数量和深度等等。近年来,采用离子注入技术进行掺杂,改变聚合物或其它绝缘材料表面性质的研究已逐步引起重视真视。     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Ferrocene and ferrocenium modified clays and their styrene and EVA composites

In this work, ferrocene- and ferrocenium-containing salts were employed to modify montmorillonite. X-ray measurements show an increase in the interlayer spacing upon clay modification, which means that the larger and more organophilic cations were inserted into the gallery space of montmorillonite. Attempts to prepare nanocomposites of polystyrene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers lead to immiscible systems; the morphology of these systems was elucidated with TEM, XRD and cone calorimetry. The thermal stability of the composites is greater than that of the virgin polymer.     

Synthesis and Optical and Redox Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric BODIPYs

Herein, we present the synthetic route and the photophysical, electrochemical as well as laser properties of novel red‐emitting boron‐dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) bearing arylethyne moieties. Such functionality is added along the main axis of the chromophore leading to single‐ and double‐substituted derivatives. The relationship between the dye structure and the lasing properties is studied in detail with the help of the photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as quantum mechanical simulations. The asymmetric substitution of the parent dye induces inhomogeneities in the charge distribution, which leads to an overall loss of the fluorescence capacity, mainly in polar media. Such non‐radiative deactivation processes can be softened by decreasing the electron‐donor ability of the substituent or even avoided by symmetrical substitution. Thus, grafting of the arylethyne moieties at the longitudinal axis of the indacene core results in an effective strategy to develop red‐edge BODIPYs with highly efficient and photostable laser emission.     

Conformations and steric and stacking interactions of trisubstituted ureas and thioureas with alkyl and phenyl groups

The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of various trisubstituted ureas of the R₂UPh type and -thioureas of the R₂TUPh type have been studied. The trans—out isomerism in the former and the trans—out—cis isomerism in the latter are discussed from the point of view of steric effect. The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of RPhUPh and RPhTUPh are also examined. The single band appearing in the spectrum of both ureas is characteristic of the cis form; this suggests the existence of phenyl—phenyl interaction (the stacking interaction proposed by Galabov et al. [10]). Behavior of ν(N—H) vibrations at several concentrations is shown to be clearly different in the three forms (trans, out and cis). The presence of the cis form is confirmed by solvent effect experiments.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

钒与糖代谢及糖尿病

微量元素钒作为生物体内必需元素，经证实有很重要的生理学功能，与机体糖代谢有十分密切的关系，且能降低糖尿病动物模型的高血糖，极有可能被开发为治疗糖尿病的药物。     

含茂基苯并三氮唑基镧系有机配合物的合成及表征

三茂基镧系化合物和苯并三氮唑在四氢呋喃中反应,合成了7个未见文献报道的含茂基苯并三氮唑基镧系有机配合物,经元素分析、IR和MS测定,从有关数据推测了这类配合物的可能结构。