同位素内标法测定乳品中的三聚氰胺

本文以自制的15 N3-三聚氰胺作为内标,建立了测定乳制品中的三聚氰胺残留量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。方法的线性范围为1～1 000ng/mL,回收率为95.6%～98.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.3%～2.5%,检出限(S/N=3)为1ng/mL。该方法灵敏度高,准确性好,为三聚氰胺的检测提供了一种可靠实用的方法。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定尿样中11种苯二氮卓类药物及其代谢产物

建立了同时检测尿样中11种苯二氮卓类药物及其代谢产物的液相色谱-串联质谱方法。尿样在pH 6.86磷酸盐缓冲液中经葡萄糖醛酸苷酶酶解后,在碱性条件下,用乙酸乙酯提取,以10 mmol/L的甲酸铵(pH 3.5)和乙腈为流动相,采用Agilent Zorbax SB C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,3.5μm)色谱柱进行梯度分离,电喷雾离子源,正离子多反应监测扫描方式进行分析检测。结果表明:11种苯二氮卓类药物及其代谢产物在尿样中的检测限均不高于0.5 ng/mL,在1.0~100.0 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.9990。在低(1.0 ng/mL)、中(10.0 ng/mL)、高(100.0 ng/mL)3个浓度的提取回收率均在89.0%以上,相对标准偏差均不高于15%。方法适用于尿样中11种该类药物的定性定量测定。     

离子色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用研究尿中碘和钼形态

建立离子色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(IC-ICP-MS)联用测定人尿中碘和钼形态的方法,该方法对IO3-和I-检出限分别为0.1 ng/mL和0.2 ng/mL,对MoO42-(以Mo计)的检出限为0.4 ng/mL,IO3-(以I计)、I-和MoO42-(以Mo计)线性回归系数r均大于0.999。检测实际尿样中I-和MoO42-(以Mo计)相对标准偏差RSD均小于5%,实际尿样中未发现IO3-。尿样中I-和MoO42-(以Mo计)的加标回收试验表明其回收率在91%～102%之间。本文利用尺寸排阻色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(SEC-ICP-MS)联用首次直接证明人尿中还存在至少3种形态有机碘以及1种形态有机钼。     

非衍生化高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速检测生物体液中草甘膦、草铵膦及代谢物

建立了一种非衍生化高效液相色谱-串联质谱快速检测生物体液中草甘膦、草铵膦及其代谢物等8种极性农药的方法。8种极性农药经Metrosep A Supp 5阴离子色谱柱(150 mm×4.0 mm,5μm)分离,以纯水-200 mmol/L碳酸氢铵溶液(含0.1%氨水)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,负离子多反应监测(MRM)模式进行检测。实验结果表明,8种极性农药在0.5~50 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好(r²>0.99),检出限(S/N≥3)为0.08~0.3 ng/mL,定量下限(S/N≥10)为0.3~1 ng/mL。方法的基质效应为86.5%~106%,目标化合物的回收率为81.5%~114%,日内相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.30%~2.8%,日间RSD为0.50%~5.3%。该方法无需复杂的衍生化过程,简便快速、灵敏度高、稳定性好,适用于生物体液中8种极性农药的检测。     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱串联质谱法检测芥子气经皮肤染毒SD大鼠肺中的DNA加合物

运用高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱串联质谱(HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)技术,建立了快速、简单、灵敏的SD大鼠肺中N7-(2-羟乙基硫代乙基)鸟嘌呤(N7-HETEG)的检测方法。以N7-苯甲基鸟嘌呤为内标,用甲醇和水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,正离子模式检测,方法的检出限(信噪比(S/N)≥10)为300 pg/mL,定量限(S/N≥20)为850 pg/mL。在300 pg/mL～1.28 μg/mL的质量浓度范围内,N7-HETEG浓度与N7-HETEG和内标的峰面积比呈良好的线性关系(线性相关系数为0.9929)。高、中、低3个添加水平的日内测定精密度(以相对标准偏差(RSD)计)和日间测定精密度均小于10%(n=7),回收率为100%～132%。对SD大鼠背部皮肤染芥子气,剂量分别为5.5、11、22和45 mg/kg,染毒4 d后检测大鼠肺脏中N7-HETEG的含量。各个不同染毒剂量下,每克组织中分别检测到（0.56±0.16）、（0.67±0.12）、（1.36±0.68）和(5.14±0.92) ng N7-HETEG, N7-HETEG的含量随着染毒剂量的增大而增大,表明N7-HETEG可用作芥子气暴露的体内生物标志物。     

人参皂苷Rb2在大鼠体内的药代动力学行为及代谢产物研究

建立快速高分离度液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱联用方法(RRLC-Q-TOF-MS),分析人参皂苷Rb2在大鼠体内的药代动力学行为,并探索人参皂苷Rb2在大鼠体内的代谢过程.采用Agilent SB-C18色谱柱,流动相A为0.1％甲酸溶液,B为乙腈,流速为0.2 mL/min,进样量为5μL,二元线性梯度洗脱分离,采用电喷雾负离子模式进行质谱检测.方法的检出限(S/N=3)和定量限(S/N=10)分别为0.08 μg/mL和0.1 μg/mL,线性范围为0.10～ 1.26 μg/mL.结果表明,人参皂苷Rb2静脉注射后的体内代谢过程符合二室模型特征,血药浓度半衰期的α相(t1/2α)和β相(t1/2β)分别为(23.58±1.10)和(1306.55±147.23) min.通过对静脉注射人参皂苷Rb2的大鼠尿液和口服后的粪便样本进行分析,发现Rb2的代谢产物为M6,M2(C-Y),F2,C-K.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定血液中115种农药

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)一针进样同时测定血液中115种农药的方法。血液样品与提取剂甲醇按1∶5体积比进行蛋白沉淀,涡旋振荡2 min,以12 000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液进行UPLC-MS/MS分析。质谱分析采用电喷雾离子源(ESI),正离子模式和负离子模式同时切换采集。结果表明,115种目标农药在1～200 ng/mL质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(r0.99),13%的目标农药检出限(S/N≥3)为0.2 ng/mL,其余目标物均为0.1 ng/mL,所有目标农药的定量下限(S/N≥10)均为1 ng/mL。在10、50、100 ng/mL加标水平下,方法的基质效应为81.8%～115%,目标农药的回收率为80.4%～109%,日内精密度(Intra-RSD)为1.6%～11%,日间精密度(Inter-RSD)为1.9%～13%。该方法简便快速、灵敏度高、稳定性好,适用于血液样品中多农药的定性定量分析。     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中的左旋肉碱

建立了婴幼儿配方奶粉中左旋肉碱含量的高效液相色谱-质谱联用测定方法。采用C4色谱柱(4.6mm×250 mm,5μm)进行分离,以甲醇-水(10∶90)为流动相,柱温25℃,流速1.0 mL.min-1,进样量为10μL,柱后分流比为1∶3,质谱采用多离子反应监测(MRM)方式进行检测,正离子模式,定量离子为m/z 162.2→103.1。在优化条件下,样品在10 min内完成分析,左旋肉碱在0.40～10.0 mg.L-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 3)。方法的加标回收率为87%～106%,检出限(S/N=3)和定量下限(S/N=10)分别为39.0、116.9 ng。该方法操作简便、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于婴幼儿配方奶粉中左旋肉碱的测定。     

Determination of L-Camitine in Infant Formula Milk Powder by Highperformance Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry

建立了婴幼儿配方奶粉中左旋肉碱含量的高效液相色谱-质谱联用测定方法.采用C4色谱柱(4.6mm×250 mm,5μm)进行分离,以甲醇-水(10∶90)为流动相,柱温25℃,流速1.0 mL·min-1,进样量为10 μL,柱后分流比为1∶3,质谱采用多离子反应监测(MRM)方式进行检测,正离子模式,定量离子为m/z162.2→103.1.在优化条件下,样品在10 min内完成分析,左旋肉碱在0.40～10.0 mg·L-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 3).方法的加标回收率为87％ ～ 106％,检出限(S/N=3)和定量下限(S/N=10)分别为39.0、116.9 ng.该方法操作简便、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于婴幼儿配方奶粉中左旋肉碱的测定.     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法检测染毒尿样中芥子气-谷胱甘肽加合物的β-裂解产物

合成并纯化了芥子气-谷胱甘肽的β-裂解产物1,1′-磺酰基二(2-甲巯基)乙烷(SBMTE),纯度为98.9%.建立了固相萃取-气相色谱质谱法检测染毒尿样中SBMTE的方法,对尿样中SBMTE的提取富集、 Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化条件等因素进行了优化.实验中采用DB-5MS毛细管柱进行分离,以化学电离源(CI)质谱选择离子模式(SIM)进行检测,并通过内标法定量.SBMTE的线性范围为1～100 ng/mL,r=0.9991,回收率为89.0%～92.6%,检出限为0.5 ng/mL.方法满足芥子气中毒人群尿中SBMTE的检测要求.     

Micro-Plate Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunoassay for Determination of Zeranol in Bovine Milk and Urine

Zeranol (α-Zearalanol, α-ZAL), well-known as an anabolic promoter, was officially banned in Europe due to its potential carcinogenic and endocrine-disrupting biological activities. In this study, a method for the determination of zeranol residues in bovine milk and urine was developed based on micro-plate chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA). The limit of detection (LOD) was 50 ng/L, and the linear range was between 100 ng/L and 4510 ng/L, with a correlation coefficient (R²)0.9982. The recoveries of zeranol in bovine milk and urine were between 84.7% and 123.6%. This study showed that CLEIA was a reliable, convenient, and sensitive method for screening zeranol residues in bovine milk and urine.     

6alpha-Methylandrostenedione: gas chromatographic mass spectrometric detection in doping control

In recent years products containing 6alpha-methylandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione have appeared on the sport supplement market. Scientific studies have proven aromatase inhibition and anabolic and mild androgenic properties; however, no preparation has been approved for medical use up to now. In sports 6alpha-methylandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione has to be classified as a prohibited substance according to the regulations of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). For the detection of its misuse the metabolism was studied following the administration of two preparations obtained from the Internet (Formadrol and Methyl-1-Pro). Several metabolites as well as the parent compounds were synthesized and the structures of 3alpha-hydroxy-6alpha-methyl-5beta-androstan-17-one, 6alpha-methylandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione, and 5beta-dihydromedroxyprogesterone were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The main metabolite, 3alpha-hydroxy-6alpha-methyl-5beta-androstan-17-one, was found to be excreted as glucuronide and was still detectable in microg/mL amounts until urine collection was terminated (after 25 h). Additionally, samples from routine human sports doping control had already tested positive for the presence of metabolites of 6alpha-methylandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione. Screening analysis can be easily performed by the existing screening procedure for anabolic steroids using 3alpha-hydroxy-6alpha-methyl-5beta-androstan-17-one as target substance (limit of detection <10 ng/mL). Its discrimination from the closely eluting drostanolone metabolite, 3alpha-hydroxy-2alpha-methyl-5alpha-androstan-17-one, is possible as the mono-TMS derivative.     

Metabolic studies of mesterolone in horses

Mesterolone (1α-methyl-5α-androstan-17β-ol-3-one) is a synthetic anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) with reported abuses in human sports. As for other AAS, mesterolone is also a potential doping agent in equine sports. Metabolic studies on mesterolone have been reported for humans, whereas little is known about its metabolic fate in horses. This paper describes the studies of both the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of mesterolone in racehorses with an objective to identify the most appropriate target metabolites for detecting mesterolone administration.In vitro biotransformation studies of mesterolone were performed by incubating the steroid with horse liver microsomes. Metabolites in the incubation mixture were isolated by liquid-liquid extraction and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after acylation or silylation. Five metabolites (M1-M5) were detected. They were 1α-methyl-5α-androstan-3α-ol-17-one (M1), 1α-methyl-5α-androstan-3β-ol-17-one (M2), 1α-methyl-5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol (M3), 1α-methyl-5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol (M4), and 1α-methyl-5α-androstane-3,17-dione (M5). Of these in vitro metabolites, M1, M3, M4 and M5 were confirmed using authentic reference standards. M2 was tentatively identified by mass spectral comparison to M1.For the in vivo metabolic studies, Proviron^® (20 tablets × 25 mg of mesterolone) was administered orally to two thoroughbred geldings. Pre- and post-administration urine samples were collected for analysis. Free and conjugated metabolites were isolated using solid-phase extraction and analysed by GC-MS as described for the in vitro studies. The results revealed that mesterolone was extensively metabolised and the parent drug was not detected in urine. Three metabolites detected in the in vitro studies, namely M1, M2 and M4, were also detected in post-administration urine samples. In addition, two stereoisomers each of 1α-methyl-5α-androstane-3,17α-diol (M6 and M7) and 1α-methyl-5α-androstane-3,16-diol-17-one (M8 and M9), and an 18-hydroxylated metabolite 1α-methyl-5α-androstane-3,18-diol-17-one (M10) were also detected. The metabolic pathway for mesterolone is postulated. These studies have shown that metabolites M8, M9 and M10 could be used as potential screening targets for controlling the misuse of mesterolone in horses.     

Development of a multianalyte method for the determination of anabolic hormones in bovine urine by isotope-dilution GC–MS/MS

A sensitive, specific and selective multianalyte GC–MS/MS method has been developed for the determination of 11 anabolic hormones in bovine urine. After adjusting the urine pH to 4.8, the samples were spiked with deuterated internal standards and submitted to enzymatic hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase. Hormones were eluted with methanol through a C18 solid phase cartridge and submitted to a liquid–liquid extraction. Analytes were derivatized by adding N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) with 1% trimethylchlorosilane and GC–MS data were obtained in the positive electron impact tandem mass mode. Under these conditions, no matrix effects were observed and limit of detection values were in the range of 0.005 ng/mL (diethylstilbestrol) to 0.38 ng/mL (17α-methyltestosterone and 17α-ethynylestradiol). Recoveries from 81% (α-zeranol) to 149% (17α-methyltestosterone) were found under the selected conditions. These results were better than those found using heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA) as derivative reagent and those measured in full scan and selective ion monitoring modes.     

Reagent injection FIA system for lead determination by hydride generation - quartz-tube atomic absorption spectrometry

A method is proposed for the determination of lead by generation of its hydride and detection by quartz-tube AAS using a reagent injection FIA system based on the injection of sodium tetrahydroborate. Lead hydride generation was carried out using a combination of 0.5 M nitric acid, 10% m/ v hydrogen peroxide and 10% m/ v sodium tetrahydroborate. The characteristic concentration obtained was 3.1 ng mL(-1) and the detection limit was 2.6 ng mL(-1) for an injected volume of 0.125 mL of tetrahydroborate.     

Quantitative determination of 8-isoprostaglandin F(2α) in human urine using microfluidic chip-based nano-liquid chromatography with on-chip sample enrichment and tandem mass spectrometry

Urinary 8-isoprostaglandin F(2α) (8-isoPGF(2α)) has been reported as an important biomarker to indicate the oxidative stress status in vivo. In order to quantitatively determine the low contents of 8-isoPGF(2α) (in sub- to low ng mL(-1) range) in physiological fluids, a sensitive detection method has become an important issue. In this study, we employed a microfluidic chip-based nano liquid chromatography (chip-nanoLC) with on-chip sample enrichment coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (QqQ-MS) for the quantitative determination of 8-isoPGF(2α) in human urine. This chip-nanoLC unit integrates a microfluidic switch, a chip column design having a pre-column (enrichment column) for sample enrichment prior to an analytical column for separation, as well as a nanospray emitter on a single polyimide chip. The introduction of enrichment column offers the advantages of online sample pre-concentration and reducing matrix influence on MS detection to improve sensitivity. In this study, the chip-nanoLC consisting of Zorbax 300A SB-C18 columns and Agilent QqQ Mass spectrometer were used for determining 8-isoPGF(2α) in human urine. Gradient elution was employed for effective LC separation and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was utilized for the quantitative determination of 8-isoPGF(2α) (m/z 353→193). We employed liquid-liquid extraction (LLE)/solid-phase extraction (SPE) for extracting analyte and reducing matrix effect from urine sample prior to chip-nanoLC/QqQ-MS analysis for determining urinary 8-isoPGF(2α). Good recoveries were found to be in the range of 83.0-85.3%. The linear range was 0.01-2 ng mL(-1) for urinary 8-isoPGF(2α). In addition, the proposed method showed good precision and accuracy for 8-isoPGF(2α) spiked synthetic urine samples. Intra-day and inter-day precisions were 1.8-5.0% and 4.3-5.8%, respectively. The method accuracy for intra-day and inter-day assays ranged from 99.3 to 99.9% and 99.4 to 99.7%, respectively. Due to its rapidity, enhanced sensitivity, and high recovery, this chip-nanoLC/QqQ-MS system was successfully utilized to determine the physiological biomarkers such as 8-isoPGF(2α) in human urine for clinical diagnosis.     

Solid‐phase microextraction of ultra‐trace amounts of tramadol from human urine by using a carbon nanotube/flower‐shaped zinc oxide hollow fiber

A new method is successfully developed for the separation and determination of a very low amount of tramadol in urine using functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes/flower‐shaped zinc oxide before solid‐phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography. Under ultrasonic agitation, a sol of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and flower‐shaped zinc oxide were forced into and trapped within the pore structure of the polypropylene and the sol solution immobilized into the hollow fiber. Flower‐shaped zinc oxide was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphology of the fabricated solid‐phase microextraction surface was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiencies were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the method shows linearity in a wide range of 0.12–7680 ng/mL, and a low detection limit (S/N = 3) of 0.03 ng/mL. The precision of the method was determined and a relative standard deviation of 3.87% was obtained. This method was successfully applied for the separation and determination of tramadol in urine samples. The relative recovery percentage obtained for the spiked urine sample at 1000 ng/mL was 94.2%.     

Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS analysis for simultaneous determination of delphinidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-(6-malonylglucoside) in human plasma and urine after blood orange juice administration

Blood orange juice has a high content in anthocyanins, especially represented by delphinidin-3-glucoside (D3G), cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) and cyanidin-3-(6-malonylglucoside) (CMG). An LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of D3G and C3G in human plasma and urine was developed and validated. After sample preparation by SPE, chromatographic separation was performed with an RP-C(18) column, using a water/methanol linear gradient. The quantitation of target compounds was determined by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, using ESI. The method showed good selectivity, sensitivity (LOD = 0.05 and 0.10 ng/mL for C3G in plasma and urine, respectively; LOD = 0.10 ng/mL for D3G in plasma and urine), linearity (0.20-200 ng/mL; r >or= 0.998), intra- and interday precision and accuracy (相似文献   

高效液相色谱电生Mn(Ⅲ)化学发光法检测人体血清和尿样中的卡托普利

设计了一个HPLC在线电生Mn(Ⅲ)化学发光检测器, 实现在线电化学反应, 从而产生反应活性很高的初生态氧化剂Mn(Ⅲ), 并与色谱柱后CP混合产生化学发光. 同时还能够根据需要调节电极反应和发光反应两者的介质, 满足柱后发光反应的最佳环境. 在优化流动相和化学发光检测条件的基础上, 将该检测器应用于人体血清和尿液中CP的测定.     

液相色谱-串联质谱分析组织中基因组脱氧核糖核酸羟甲基胞嘧啶水平

5-羟甲基胞嘧啶通过阻止脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)甲基化转移酶1(DMNT1)甲基化胞嘧啶来影响DNA甲基化的程度。本文建立了液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定组织中全基因组5-羟甲基胞嘧啶水平的方法。采用苯酚-氯仿提取组织DNA,提取的DNA用88%甲酸在140 ℃下裂解,DNA裂解液加入同位素胞嘧啶作内标,经N2吹干后,加乙腈-水(9:1, v/v)溶解,用LC-MS/MS检测5-羟甲基胞嘧啶的含量,并计算全基因组中5-羟甲基胞嘧啶的水平。结果表明,5-羟甲基胞嘧啶的线性范围为0.1～30 ng/mL,相关系数为0.9969,检出限(信噪比为3计)和定量限(信噪比为10计)分别为0.057 ng/mL和0.090 ng/mL;日内相对标准偏差和日间相对标准偏差分别为5.13%和6.24%;加标回收率为90.24%～97.53%。用该方法检测了大鼠大脑组织DNA羟甲基化水平,平均结果为0.66%。该方法简便,重现性好,灵敏度较高,能满足全基因组5-羟甲基胞嘧啶定量检测的要求。