高效液相色谱-离子阱质谱联用检测全血中羟乙基硫代乙基鸟嘌呤

芥子气是一种双功能烃化剂,可与DNA起烃化反应,形成共价键结合的不可逆的烃化产物.目前报道的芥子气-DNA加合物有N7-(2-乙基硫代乙基)鸟嘌呤(HETEG)、双(鸟嘌呤-7)衍生物和N3-(2-羟乙基硫代乙基)腺嘌呤(HETEA),O~6-2-(2-乙基硫代乙基)鸟嘌呤及O~6-2-(2-乙基硫代乙基)-2'-脱氧鸟苷.     

N7-鸟嘌呤烷化物的合成及其在DNA损伤检测中的应用

以2′-脱氧鸟苷为原料,经亲电取代反应,合成了五个Ⅳ7-位鸟嘌呤烷化物—N7-(2-羟乙基)鸟嘌呤、N7-(2-氯乙基)鸟嘌呤、N7-(2-溴乙基)鸟嘌呤、N7-乙基鸟嘌呤和N7-烯丙基鸟嘌呤,其结构经UV,1H NMR,IR和MS确证.以N7-(2-羟乙基)鸟嘌呤和N7-(2-氯乙基)鸟嘌呤为标准品,采用HPLC-MS对1,3-双(2-氯乙基)-1-亚硝基脲(卡莫司汀)导致DNA烷化损伤产物进行了分析.     

同位素稀释-高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术检测大鼠血浆中的芥子气水解产物

应用同位素稀释-高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术(LC-MS/MS),建立了同时定量检测血浆中芥子气水解代谢产物硫二甘醇(TDG)和二羟乙基亚砜(TDGO)的方法.应用甲醇和乙腈混合溶剂沉淀染毒大鼠血浆中蛋白,采用ZORBAX-C18色谱柱(100 mm×3.0 mm,3.5μm),以5 mmol/L甲酸铵-甲醇梯度洗脱分离待测物.以d8-TDG为内标,在正离子多反应监测模式下定性和定量分析TDG和TDGO.方法学验证结果表明,TDG在5～800 μg/L和TDGO在0.5～80.0 μg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系(r2＞0.991),定量限分别为5和0.5 μg/L,加标回收率在101％～118％之间,方法的日内和日间精密度(RSD)均小于10％.对SD大鼠(n=6)采用皮下注射方式进行染毒后采样测定,代谢动力学参数计算结果显示,TDG和TDGO的达峰时间(tmax)分别为30和60 min,峰值浓度(cmax)为(1724±227)μg/L和(301±115)μg/L,血浆浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC)为(3286±249) μg· h/L和(1010±363) μg· h/L.     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法检测染毒尿样中芥子气-谷胱甘肽加合物的β-裂解产物

合成并纯化了芥子气-谷胱甘肽的β-裂解产物1,1′-磺酰基二(2-甲巯基)乙烷(SBMTE),纯度为98.9%.建立了固相萃取-气相色谱质谱法检测染毒尿样中SBMTE的方法,对尿样中SBMTE的提取富集、 Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化条件等因素进行了优化.实验中采用DB-5MS毛细管柱进行分离,以化学电离源(CI)质谱选择离子模式(SIM)进行检测,并通过内标法定量.SBMTE的线性范围为1～100 ng/mL,r=0.9991,回收率为89.0%～92.6%,检出限为0.5 ng/mL.方法满足芥子气中毒人群尿中SBMTE的检测要求.     

N-(2-氯乙基)-N'-2-(O~6-苄基-9-鸟嘌呤基)乙基-N-亚硝基脲的合成

以O~6-苄基鸟嘌呤为原料,经取代反应和盖布瑞尔反应制得N9-(2-胺基)乙基-O6-苄基鸟嘌呤(4);4与异氰酸酯经取代反应和经亚硝化反应合成了N-(2-氯乙基)-N'-2-(O6-苄基-9-鸟嘌呤基)乙基-N-亚硝基脲(6)。4和6为新化合物,其结构经UV-Vis,1H NMR,13C NMR,IR和HR-ESI-MS表征。     

基于表面增强拉曼光谱技术的芥子气模拟剂快速检测方法研究

该文基于具有单分子水平高灵敏度和指纹图谱高分辨率的表面增强拉曼光谱(Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy,SERS)技术,以2-氯乙基乙基硫醚(2-CEES)作为芥子气模拟剂,50 nm金纳米溶胶为SERS基底,系统开展了芥子气模拟剂的快速分析检测方法研究。研究结果表明,该方法对2-CEES的最低检出质量浓度为10μg/L,且在大型拉曼和便携拉曼仪器上均获得了稳定重复的结果,有望用于环境水体中芥子气的现场快速定性分析检测。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法检测尿液中乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷

建立了固相萃取(SPE)-气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)检测尿液样本中乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷(EtG)的方法.1 mL尿液样本经100μL 3 mol/L盐酸去蛋白后,通过SPE法提取上清液中的目标物质及内标,提取物经衍生化后,采用GC-MS检测,选择离子模式(SIM)扫描,内标法定量分析.该方法在0.1～3.2 mg/L范围...     

高效液相色谱-四极杆/线性离子阱质谱仪测定盐酸黄酮哌酯中的1-(2-羟乙基)哌啶残留

建立了盐酸黄酮哌酯中1-(2-羟乙基)哌啶的高效液相色谱-四极杆/线性离子阱质谱(HPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS)定量分析方法。盐酸黄酮哌酯药物用0.1%甲酸溶解后,经Agilent ZORBAX SB-Aq C_(18)(2.1 mm×100mm,1.8μm)色谱柱分离,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子扫描方式,以选择反应监测(SRM)模式进行检测。结果表明,1-(2-羟乙基)哌啶在10~100μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 7),加标回收率为98.9%~106.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均不大于3.0%,方法检出限(S/N=3)为6.0mg/L,方法定量下限(S/N=10)为20 mg/L。该方法简单、灵敏、准确,适用于盐酸黄酮哌酯中1-(2-羟乙基)哌啶残留的测定。     

人工尿样中芥子气-谷胱甘肽加合物的气相色谱-质谱法检测

该文以气相色谱-质谱法测定人工尿样中的芥子气-谷胱甘肽加合物的β-裂解产物1,1′-磺酰基二(2-甲巯基)乙烷(SBMTE)。采用固相萃取(SPE)及固相支持液-液萃取(SLE)两种方法对尿样中的SBMTE进行富集净化,并对两种方法的影响因素进行了优化。采用中等极性毛细管色谱柱(DB-17MS)分离,以电子轰击源(EI)质谱选择离子模式(SIM)检测,内标法定量。结果表明,以SPE/GC-MS方法检测,SBMTE在1~100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r为0.998 4,检出限(LOD)为0.1μg/L,回收率大于90%;以SLE/GC-MS方法检测,SBMTE在2~150μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r为0.998 8,检出限为0.5μg/L,回收率大于90%。SPE方法适用于直接检测空白尿样中添加SBMTE或芥子气染毒真实尿样还原后样品的进一步净化处理,SLE方法可应用于芥子气染毒后真实尿样的确证检测和溯源性检测。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测DNA中3-甲基腺嘌呤和3-乙基腺嘌呤

利用阳离子交换固相萃取柱(Waters Oasis MCX)富集净化DNA样品,建立了液相色谱串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)同时检测DNA中3-甲基腺嘌呤(N3-MeA)和3-乙基腺嘌呤(N3-EtA)的方法。采用氘代-3-甲基腺嘌呤(d3-N3-MeA)和氘代-3-乙基腺嘌呤(d5-N3-EtA)为内标;进样量3μL,分析时间为13 min;亲水相互作用色谱柱(Waters XBridge HILIC)进行液相分离,流动相为10 mmol/L甲酸铵-乙腈溶液(5∶95,V/V,pH=4.0),流速250μL/min;质谱条件:电喷雾离子源,多反应监测正离子扫描方式;电喷雾电压:5500 V,雾化气:369 Pa,气帘气:185 Pa,电离温度:400℃,驻留时间:40 ms。本方法对N3-MeA和N3-EtA的检出限分别为0.043和0.007μg/L,方法回收率为87.8%~103.0%。采用本方法检测了卷烟烟气粒相物暴露的DNA中N3-MeA和N3-EtA含量。结果表明,卷烟烟气粒相物暴露后的小牛胸腺DNA中3-甲基腺嘌呤和3-乙基腺嘌呤可被本方法定量检出。     

芥子气中毒人员尿液标记物谱分析及其临床诊断应用

该研究基于暴露生物标记物溯源思路,应用于解决芥子气(SM)临床早期诊断、溯源确证难题。建立了芥子气中毒患者尿液中7种游离代谢产物的两步固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE/UPLC-MS/MS)同时定量方法,检出限为5 pg/mL~1 ng/mL,定量下限为10pg/mL~5 ng/mL;结合前期建立的4种游离碱基加合物的同位素稀释-UPLC-MS/MS定量方法,对1例疑似芥子气中毒人员尿液中可能赋存的生物标记物进行了全筛查分析。尿液中共检出3类10种生物标记物,包括首次报道的游离代谢产物芥子亚砜,可确证患者为芥子气中毒;除硫二甘醇外,标记物含量均在暴露后3~4 d达到峰值,随后降低,至7 d仍可检出,其中谷胱甘肽加合物的β裂解产物含量相对较高,可作为芥子气中毒早期诊断与疗效评估的重要指标。     

Selective and sensitive trace analysis of sulfur mustard with thermal desorption and two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

An improved method is presented for the trace analysis of sulfur mustard (HD) in biological samples, such as blood and tissue from laboratory animals. Using the internal standard method and liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate, up to 400 microL of the extract was injected by thermal desorption from Tenax and analyzed by two-dimensional GC-MS/EI in SIM mode. The analysis was compared with a direct GC injection. Reversed thermal desorption was used as a tool for handling heavily contaminated (fat) samples, thus preventing contamination of the injection system and pre-column. A successful analytical configuration has been set up for the bioanalysis of HD at the low, toxicologically relevant pM level. A detection limit of 10 pg mL(-1) blood or pg g(-1) tissue of sulfur mustard (S/N=3) was established by using this configuration.     

催化K2S2O8氧化靛红固体基质室温磷光法测定痕量Se(V)

基于痕量Se4+催化K₂S₂O₈氧化靛红（Isa）的灵敏反应而导致体系的磷光剧烈猝灭的学术思想,建立了一种高灵敏（检出限（LD）为0.015 pg/mL）催化固体基质室温磷光法(SS RTP)测定痕量Se（IV)的新方法。方法的线性范围为4.00×10–8~4.00×10–6 μg/mL。工作曲线的回归方程为△I_P=2.948+63.24C_Se(IV)(pg/mL),n = 7。相关系数( r )为 0.9997。方法已成功用于水样中痕量Se（IV）的测定,结果与紫外分光光度法相吻合,并探讨了测定痕量Se（IV）的反应机理。     

Ultratrace determination of lead,cadmium and copper in environmental and biological samples by atomic absorption spectrometry after their separation and preconcentration using octadecyl silica membrane disks modified with a new n–s schiff base

Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) ions were separated and preconcentrated by solid-phase extraction on octadecyl-bonded silica membrane disks modified with a new S–N-containing Schiff base (bis-2-thiophenal propandiamine) (BTPD) followed by elution and atomic absorption spectrometric detection. The method was applied as a separation and detection method for lead(II), cadmium(II) and copper(II) in environmental and biological samples. Extraction efficiency and the influence of sample matrix, flow rate, pH, and type and minimum amount of stripping acid were investigated. The maximum capacity of the membrane disks modified by 4?mg of BTPD was found to be 668 ± 10, 480 ± 8 and 454 ± 7?µg of lead, cadmium and copper, respectively. The limit of detection of the proposed method is 0.25, 0.01 and 0.02?ng/mL for lead, cadmium and copper, respectively.     

柱前衍生化高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定桑叶中的1-脱氧野尻霉素

采用柱前衍生化高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定了桑叶中的1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)。用0.05 mol/L HCl提取桑叶中的DNJ,采用6-氨基喹啉基-N-羟基琥珀酰亚氨基甲酸酯(AQC)试剂在pH 8.5硼酸盐缓冲液下对DNJ进行衍生化,以0.02 mol/L磷酸二氢钾缓冲液(pH 5.0)-乙腈(体积比为85∶15)为流动相,利用C18色谱柱(5 μm,250 mm×4.6 mm)分离,在激发波长为250 nm、发射波长为395 nm条件下进行荧光检测,DNJ的AQC衍生物与衍生化试剂的水解产物分离良好。方法的线性范围为0.5～25 mg/L,检出限为0.02 mg/L（S/N=3）。实验测得桑叶中DNJ含量为0.12%;回收率为96.1%～98.6%。     

氮硫共掺杂碳点的制备及其对牛奶中土霉素的检测

以柠檬酸和谷胱甘肽为原材料,通过热解法一步合成一种氮硫共掺杂蓝色荧光碳点（N,S-CDs）。使用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、紫外-可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱、X射线光电子能谱等技术对制备的碳点进行形貌及光学性质表征。结果表明,该碳点的激发波长和发射波长分别为366和440 nm,荧光产率为0.46,平均粒径为（2.55 ± 0.75） nm。土霉素可有效猝灭该碳点的蓝色荧光,且具有良好的选择性。将该碳点用于牛奶中土霉素的检测时,在0.77~18.40 μg/mL的范围内,（F₀-F）/F₀与土霉素浓度有良好的线性关系,回归方程为y=0.02282x+0.02913,检出限为0.09 μg/mL。该检测方法具有简单易操作的优点。     

基于铂纳米颗粒@金属有机骨架纳米模拟酶的无标记电化学赭曲霉毒素适体传感器的构建

以具有类过氧化物酶性质的Pt NPs@Mn-MOF纳米复合材料作为电极基底, 采用丝网印刷电极构建了一种无标记型电化学适体传感器, 用于赭曲霉毒素(OTA)的检测. 利用Pt NPs@Mn-MOF的模拟酶特性, 将其作为电极基底用于捕获OTA适体链, 同时催化H₂O₂还原产生电流响应信号. OTA的引入会减少纳米酶的催化活性位点, 从而导致电流信号降低. 在0.01~300 ng/mL范围内, 随着OTA浓度的增加, 电流响应值逐渐降低; 采用计时电流法检测电流响应信号, 从而间接实现了对OTA的定量检测. 此外, 该生物传感器通过U盘式小型工作站进行检测, 不仅可与电脑连接进行检测, 还可与手机连接进而实现实时检测, 并且其检测灵敏度高、 重现性好, 检出限低至3.33 pg/mL(S/N=3). 该传感器可用于真实玉米样品中OTA的检测, 在真菌毒素现场检测中展现出潜在的应用价值.     

免疫共振散射分析法测定人血清中痕量脂蛋白(a)

在pH为7.6的Tris - HCI缓冲溶液及聚乙二醇6000 (PEG 6000)存在下,羊抗人脂蛋白(a)与脂蛋白(a)发生免疫反应形成疏水性免疫复合物微粒,导致体系的共振散射强度增强,在波长为340 nm处具有较强的共振散射峰.在选定条件下,脂蛋白(a)质量浓度在0.10～2.33μg/mL范围内与340 nm处...     

Development and validation of an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method to determine the bioavailability of warfarin and its major metabolite 7‐hydroxy warfarin in rats dosed with oral formulations containing different polymorphic forms

A simple, sensitive and rapid ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantification of warfarin and 7‐hydroxy warfarin in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Animals were administered a single dose of warfarin sodium formulations (crystalline and amorphous) at 12 mg/kg via oral gavage and blood was drawn over a 96‐h time course. Sample process recoveries, matrix effect and analyte stability were determined. The linearity for warfarin and 7‐hydroxy warfarin was from 5 to 2000 ng/mL in blank SD rat plasma. Correlation coefficients (r²) for standard calibration curves were >.98 and analytes quantified within ±15% of target at all calibrator concentrations. The average percent accuracy and precision for intra‐ and inter‐day were 93.7%–113.8% and ≤12.1%, respectively, for warfarin and 7‐hydroxy warfarin, across the quality control standards (5, 10, 500, 1800 and 2000 ng/mL). Acceptable analytical recovery (>55%) was achieved with process efficiencies >41.5% and matrix effects <139.9% over the analytical range. Both analytes were stable in stock solution, autosampler, benchtop and three cycles of freeze–thaw with percent accuracy ≥90.2% and precision (percent relative standard deviation) ≤14%. The validated method was successfully applied to a pre‐clinical bioavailability study of crystalline and amorphous warfarin sodium formulations in SD rats.     

Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry of pre-ionized Girard P derivatives for quantifying estrone and its metabolites in serum from postmenopausal women

An ultrasensitive stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography/selected reaction monitoring/mass spectrometry (LC/SRM/MS) assay has been developed for serum estrone, 16α‐hydroxyestrone, 4‐methoxyestrone, and 2‐ methoxyestrone. The enhanced sensitivity was obtained by the use of Girard P (GP) pre‐ionized derivatives coupled with microflow LC. The limit of detection for each estrogen using 0.5 mL of serum was 0.156 pg/mL and linear standard curves were obtained up to 20 pg/mL. Serum samples from 20 postmenopausal women (10 lifetime non‐smokers and 10 current smokers) were analyzed using this new assay. Mean serum concentrations of estrone and 2‐methoxyestrone were 14.06 pg/mL (±1.56 pg/mL) and 3.30 pg/mL (±1.00 pg/mL), respectively, for the 20 subjects enrolled in the study. The mean estrone concentration determined by our ultrasensitive and highly specific assay was significantly lower than that reported for the control groups in most previous breast cancer studies of postmenopausal women. In addition (and contrary to many reports) serum 16α‐hydroxyestrone was not detected in any of the subjects, and 4‐methoxyestrone was detected in only one of the subjects. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the mean serum concentrations of estrone and 2‐methoxyestrone or the ratio of serum 2‐ methoxyestrone to estrone between the non‐smoking and smoking groups. Interestingly, the one subject with measurable serum 4‐methoxyestrone (2.3 pg/mL) had the lowest estrone and 2‐methoxyestrone concentrations. Using this assay it will now be possible to obtain definitive information on the levels of serum estrone, 4‐methoxyestrone, and 2‐methoxyestrone in studies of cancer risk using small serum volumes available from previous epidemiology studies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.