超高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法测定蜂蜜中12种糖组分

建立了蜂蜜中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、松二糖、麦芽酮糖、麦芽糖、曲二糖、异麦芽糖、吡喃葡糖基蔗糖、松三糖、蜜三糖和麦芽三糖含量的超高效液相色谱－蒸发光散射测定方法。试样经去离子水溶解,乙腈定容,用0.22 μm滤膜过滤后,采用Amide色谱柱分离,蒸发光散射检测器检测,外标法定量。在优化实验条件下,12种糖得到良好分离,线性相关系数为0.997 7～0.999 8,果糖和葡萄糖的检测结果与示差折光检测法无显著性差异,其余10种糖的平均回收率为90.0 %～105 %,相对标准偏差为0.70%～5.8%。该方法灵敏度高,准确度高,重复性好,适用于蜂蜜中多种糖组分的同时定量分析。用于72批不同蜜种蜂蜜样品中糖组分的检测,发现中国主要蜜源蜂蜜中普遍含有松二糖、麦芽酮糖、麦芽糖等糖组分。该方法和检测数据可为蜂蜜品质和质量评价提供重要支撑。     

基于中性解吸-电喷雾萃取电离质谱直接检测蜂蜜中的四环素

基于中性解吸-电喷雾萃取电离质谱(ND-EESI-MS)建立了无需样品预处理即可直接检测蜂蜜中四环素的方法. 测定结果表明, 加标蜂蜜四环素样品在20~1000 ng/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好(R²>0.997), 检出限为1.08 ng/mL; 加标浓度为50, 500和1000 ng/mL蜂蜜样品的回收率分别为94.26%, 98.38%和103.00%, 精密度(RSD)分别为3.28%, 1.39%和1.12%. 应用此方法对8种市售蜂蜜进行检测, 发现2种蜂蜜中含有痕量的四环素, 其余蜂蜜均未检出, 而应用高效液相色法在这8种市售蜂蜜中均未检出四环素. 本方法无需经过复杂的样品预处理, 灵敏度高、 精密度好、 分析速度快且特异性强, 能够承受蜂蜜中复杂基体的影响, 是一种快速检测蜂蜜中四环素的方法.     

基于高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨率质谱的寡糖轮廓分析用于蜂蜜中淀粉糖浆的掺假鉴别研究

采用高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨率质谱(HPLC-Q/Orbitrap MS)建立了寡糖轮廓分析的方法。通过对纯天然蜂蜜和淀粉类糖浆中的麦芽三糖、麦芽四糖、麦芽五糖、麦芽六糖和麦芽七糖进行定性定量分析,发现淀粉类糖浆中含有未被酶解完全的微量麦芽类寡糖,且麦芽七糖在所有检测样本中干扰小,对结果的定量无影响,而其他寡糖类物质的定性和定量结果会存在干扰。最终选择麦芽七糖作为蜂蜜中掺入淀粉糖浆的典型标志物。在实际样品分析中,根据麦芽七糖的保留时间和离子对的相对丰度比可以定性判断蜂蜜中是否掺有淀粉糖浆;通过标准曲线法可以定量测定样液中麦芽七糖的含量。在20,50,100 mg/kg 3个加标水平下,麦芽七糖的平均回收率为75%~82%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为3.1%~6.7%,方法检出限为0.1μg/m L。应用该方法可在10 min内完成整个分析过程,且样品前处理简单,结果可靠,灵敏度高,可用于纯天然蜂蜜中掺入淀粉糖浆的快速确证和检测。     

高效液相色谱法快速测定蜂蜜中四环素族抗生素

建立了一种快速、准确、完善的测定蜂蜜中四环素族抗生素的反相高效液相色谱方法。研究了流动相配比、pH值、流速等因素对分离效果的影响，并且选出了它们的最佳值。试验和优化了两种蜂蜜样品的前处里方法，得到了满意的效果。灵敏度为4．8×10-8mol／L，回收率为96．18％。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-同位素稀释串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中的甲硝唑和氯霉素

建立了同时测定蜂蜜中甲硝唑和氯霉素残留量的固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-同位素稀释串联质谱方法。蜂蜜样品中的甲硝唑和氯霉素经乙酸乙酯提取后,采用InertSep RP-1固相萃取柱对目标物进行富集和净化。经超高效液相色谱分离后,在三重四极杆质谱的多反应监测模式(MRM)下,甲硝唑通过正离子模式(ESI+)采集,氯霉素通过负离子模式(ESI-)采集,采用同位素稀释的内标法定量。本方法在浓度1~100ng/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数R20.999。在添加水平为0.5、2.5、25μg/kg时,回收率在71.4%~123.4%之间,相对标准偏差为5.0%~12.3%。本方法采用一种前处理方式,可以同时测定蜂蜜中的甲硝唑与氯霉素残留,缩短了分析时间,提高了检测效率。     

超高效液相色谱法测定卷烟烟丝中7种水溶性糖含量

以ACQUITY UPLC BEH Amide柱为分析柱,乙腈－0．2％三乙胺一水作为流动相,建立了超高效液相色谱－蒸发光散射检测器测定卷烟烟丝中鼠李糖、木糖、果糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖7种水溶性糖的分析方法。7种水溶性糖回归方程的线性相关系数均大于0．999,检出限为0．56～1．11μg／mL。7种水溶糖的回收率在90．43％106．41％之间,相对标准偏差为1．66％－4．35％仰：6）。该方法灵敏度、准确度高,稳定性好,可用于大批量卷烟烟丝中水溶性糖含量的测定。     

高效阴离子交换色谱法检测大豆粕和大豆低聚糖浆中糖组分含量

建立了高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培检测法(HPAEC-PAD)测定大豆粕、大豆低聚糖浆样品中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、蜜二糖、半乳糖、棉籽糖和水苏糖7种糖的方法.选用Dionex CarboPac PA20阴离子交换柱,以0.25 mol/L NaOH和水为淋洗液进行梯度洗脱,考察了色谱柱温度和NaOH浓度对各种糖分离的影响,确定最佳柱温为20℃,7种糖可以在30 min内实现基线分离.7种糖的检出限(S/N=3)为2～9 μg/L,具有较宽的线性范围(0.1～80.0 mg/L).大豆粕样品测定的相对标准偏差在2.67％～4.25％之间,7种糖的加标回收率在91％～108％之间.该方法简便易行,灵敏度高,重现性良好,适用于大豆粕和大豆低聚糖浆样品中的糖组分的分析.     

示差折光-液相色谱法测定蜂蜜中β-呋喃果糖苷酶残留量

基于β-呋喃果糖苷酶与棉子糖在柠檬酸-氢氧化钠缓冲介质(pH 4.50)中50℃下反应16h后的酶解产物蜜二糖含量的变化,建立了高效液相色谱示差折光检测(HPLC-RID)技术测定蜂蜜中β-呋喃果糖苷酶残留量的新方法.以Agilent Carbohydrate柱为分离柱,乙腈-水(78∶22,V/V)为流动相,流速为1.4 mL/min,检测器为示差折光检测器,柱温和检测器温度均为35℃.结果表明,蜂蜜样品经过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶柱分离后,样品峰形得到简化,灵敏度提高了1.3倍;方法的线性范围为10～200 U/kg;测出限为10 U/kg;回收率为81.3％～112.4％;相对标准偏差为3.7％～9.7％(n=6).当蜂蜜样品中β-呋喃果糖苷酶含量＞20 U/kg时,判定为阳性样品,即掺假蜂蜜.     

高效阴离子交换色谱法检测酱油中的单糖及双糖

建立了高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培检测法(HPAEC-PAD)测定酱油中阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、木糖、甘露糖和果糖的方法.采用70％乙醇作为蛋白沉淀剂处理酱油样品,以Dionex CarboPac PA20阴离子交换柱为色谱柱,0.25 mol/L NaOH-水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,考察了色谱柱温度和NaOH浓度对各种糖分离的影响,确定最佳柱温为20℃,NaOH浓度为5.0 mmol/L,7种糖可在20 min内实现基线分离.7种糖的检出限(25 μL进样,S/N=3)为2.0～8.0 μg/L,线性范围为0.1～80 mg/L,r2大于0.999.酱油样品测定的相对标准偏差为1.4％～4.0％,加标回收率为92％～104％.该方法简便易行,灵敏度高,重现性好,适用于酱油样品中糖组分的分析.     

高效液相色谱法测定烟草料液中的糖

研究了用蒸发光散射检测器检测，高效液相色谱法测定烟草料液中糖的方法。料液中的糖用固相萃取预分离，然后以Waters carbohydrate高效糖柱为固定相，V（乙腈）：V（水）=70：30作为流动相分离，蒸发光散射检测器检测；样品中鼠李糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、果糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖8种糖的加标回收率分别为：97．0％、95．6％、102％、102．1％、95．0％、101．8％、102．6％、97．8％；线性范围分别为：鼠李糖、果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖0．1～20pg，木糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、麦芽糖0．2～25μg。相对标准偏差均小于3．2％。方法的检出限达：鼠李糖20ng、木糖26ng、阿拉伯糖28ng、果糖14ng、甘露糖20ng、葡萄糖10ng、蔗糖12ng、麦芽糖15ng，用该方法测定了烟草料液中的糖。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.