X射线驻波方法研究半导体超薄异质外延层

利用双晶单色器和精密二圆衍射仪,在北京同步辐射装置建立了同步辐射X射线驻波实验技术,并用这一实验技术结合X射线衍射方法,研究了Si晶体中外延生长的起薄Ge原于层的微结构。实验结果表明,由于Ge原予的偏析,在Si晶体样品中形成了共格生长的GexSi1-x合金层,浓度平均值为x≈0.13;650℃退大会使Ge原予向表面扩散,Si晶体中的合金层消失,在晶体表面形成接近纯Ge的单原于层。     

GeSn合金的晶格常数对Vegard定律的偏离

在Si (001)衬底上, 以高质量的弛豫Ge薄膜作为缓冲层, 先后生长Sn组分x分别为2.5%, 5.2%和7.8%的完全应变的三层Ge_1-xSn_x合金薄膜. 在Si (001)衬底上直接生长了x分别为0.005, 0.016, 0.044, 0.070和0.155的五个弛豫Ge_1-xSn_x样品. 通过卢瑟福背散射谱、高分辨X射线衍射和X射线倒易空间图等方法测量了Ge_1-xSn_x合金的组分 与晶格常数. 实验得到的晶格常数相对Vegard定律具有较大的正偏离, 弯曲系数b=0.211 Å.     

Ge薄层异质结构的同步辐射X射线反射法研究

用X射线反射方法研究了分子束外延技术生长的Si中Ge薄层异质结构的Ge原子分布特性.根据X射线反射理论及Parratt数值计算方法对实验反射曲线的模拟,得到不同厚度的Ge薄层异质结构样品中Ge原子的深度分布为非对称指数形式:在靠近样品表面一侧的衰减长度为8埃,而在靠近样品衬底一侧的衰减长度为3埃,且分布形式与Ge原子层的厚度无关.讨论了不同结构参数(Ge原子薄层的深度、Ge原子分布范围、样品表面粗糙度、样品表面氧化层厚度等)对样品低角反射曲线的影响.     

同步辐射X射线掠入射衍射实验技术及应用

利用北京同步辐射装置漫散射实验站的五圆衍射仪,建立了掠入射X射线衍射实验方法.对Si表面生长的Ge/Si量子点及其在Si表层产生的应变进行了成功测量,表明此方法可以有效地提取表面层的微弱信号.实验结果表明,Ge/Si量子点的形成除了在Si衬底表层形成了晶格具有横向膨胀应变的区域之外,还在Si衬底中形成了具有横向压缩应变的区域.     

SiO2/Si衬底上石墨烯的制备与结构表征

在分子束外延(MBE)设备中,利用直接沉积C原子的方法在覆盖有SiO₂的Si衬底(SiO₂/Si)上生长石墨烯,并通过Raman光谱和近边X射线吸收精细结构谱等实验技术对不同衬底温度(500℃,600℃,700℃,900℃,1100℃,1200℃)生长的薄膜进行结构表征.实验结果表明,在衬底温度较低时生长的薄膜是无定形碳,在衬底温度高于700℃时薄膜具有石墨烯的特征,而且石墨烯的结晶质量随着衬底温度的升高而改善,但过高的衬底温度会使石墨烯质量降低.衬底温度为1100℃时结晶质量最好.衬底温度较低时C原子活性较低,难以形成有序的C-sp²六方环.而衬底温度过高时(1200℃),衬底表面部分SiO₂分解,C原子与表面的Si原子或者O原子结合而阻止石墨烯的形成,并产生表面缺陷导致石墨烯结晶变差.     

Si缓冲层的生长温度对SiGe组分、结构的影响

利用同步辐射X射线高分辨衍射、掠入射表面衍射、原子力显微镜、电子显微镜等手段研究了SiGe外延层的生长质量、组分与作为缓冲层Si的生长温度之间的关系. 研究表明, 在外延薄膜中Ge的含量为32±2%; 当Si缓冲层生长温度在400—500\textcelsius范围内, SiGe外延层质量高, 没有生长位错出现. X射线反射及原子力显微镜则显示对应最光滑的SiGe外延层表面的Si缓冲层的生长温度为450\textcelsius, 相应的表面粗糙度仅为大约15\AA.     

Si1-xGex合金半导体中CiCs和CiOi缺陷随Ge含量的变化

采用从头计算(ab initio)的方法对Si和Si_1-xGe_x合金半导体材料中C_iC_s缺陷的性质进行探讨，同时也对比调查了C_iO_i缺陷在Si和Si_1-xGe_x合金中的性质. 在不同Ge含量的Si_1-xGe_{x相似文献}   

Ge薄层异质结构的同步辐射X射线反射法研究

用X射线反射方法研究了分子束外延技术生长的Si中Ge薄层异质结构的Ge原子分布特性．根据X射线反射理论及Parratt数值计算方法对实验反射曲线的模拟,得到不同厚度的Ge薄层异质结构样品中Ge原子的深度分布为非对称指数形式：在靠近样品表面一侧的衰减长度为8埃,而在靠近样品衬底一侧的衰减长度为3埃,且分布形式与Ge原子层的厚度无关。讨论了不同结构参数(Ge原子薄层的深度、Ce原子分布范围、样品表面粗糙度、样品表面氧化层厚度等)对样品低角反射曲线的影响．     

Si/Gen/Si(001)异质结薄膜的掠入射荧光X射线吸收精细结构研究

利用掠入射荧光X射线吸收精细结构(XAFS)方法研究了在400℃的温度下分子束外延生长的Si/Gen/Si(001)异质结薄膜(n=1,2,4和8个原子层)中Ge原子的局域环境结构.结果表明,在1至2个Ge原子层(ML)生长厚度的异质结薄膜中,Ge原子的第一近邻配位主要是Si原子.随着Ge原子层厚度增加到4 ML,Ge原子的最近邻配位壳层中的Ge-Ge配位的平均配位数增加到1.3.当Ge原子层厚度增加到8 ML时,第一配位壳层中的Ge-Ge配位占的比例只有55%.这表明在400℃的生长条件下,Ge原子有很强的迁移到Si覆盖层的能力.随着Ge层厚度从1增加到2,4和8 ML,Ge原子迁移到Si覆盖层的量由0.5 ML分别增加到1.5,2.0和3.0 ML.认为在覆盖Si过程中Ge原子的迁移主要是通过产生Ge原子表面偏析来降低表面能和Ge层的应变能.     

Pd/W/Si(111)双层膜界面X射线光电子能谱与俄歇电子能谱研究

利用X射线衍射（XRD），X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和俄歇电子能谱（AES）对Pd/W/Si（111）界面进行了研究。实验结果表明，当系统作低温退火时，受W膜的阻挡，未生成硅化物，但Pd/W界面和W/Si（111）界面均有互扩散。升高退火温度，Pd－W原子在Si衬底上形成互溶体，Pd原子已穿过W阻挡层而到达W/Si（111）界面处，随着退火温度的继续升高，首先在W/Si（111）界面处生成PdSi_x,WSi_x也随之生成，这样就形成Pd-W原子分布的“反转”，在薄     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.