固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定猪肉中14种大环内酯类兽药残留

建立了固相萃取净化/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定猪肉中14种大环内酯类药物残留的方法。样品经70%(体积分数)乙腈提取,固相萃取柱(HLB柱)富集净化后,使用BEH C_(18)色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)分离,以乙腈和0.1%甲酸-2 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。在正离子模式下,采用多反应监测模式分段扫描,外标法定量。结果表明,14种大环内酯类药物在对应质量浓度范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r~2)均大于0.995,方法检出限为0.1～0.8μg/kg,定量下限为0.5～3.0μg/kg,在低、中、高3个加标水平下的回收率为71.1%～102%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于6.0%。该方法准确、可靠,可用于猪肉中大环内酯类药物的检测。     

凝胶净化/高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测辣椒制品及肉制品中多种脂溶性着色剂

建立了凝胶渗透色谱净化/高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定辣椒制品和肉制品中苏丹橙G、甲基黄、对位红,柑桔红2号,苏丹红G,苏丹Ⅰ,苏丹Ⅱ,苏丹Ⅲ,苏丹红7B,苏丹红B和苏丹Ⅳ的分析方法。样品经乙酸乙酯或乙腈-乙酸乙酯溶液提取后采用凝胶渗透色谱净化,通过ACQUITY HPLC BEH C18色谱柱以体积分数0.1%甲酸-体积分数0.1%甲酸甲醇溶液作流动相梯度洗脱分离,采用多反应监测模式进行检测。目标分析物使用同位素内标苏丹Ⅰ-D5和苏丹Ⅳ-D6定量,11种待测物质量浓度在10~500 ng/mL范围呈良好线性关系,相关系数大于0.99,方法的定量下限均达到5μg/kg。空白样品在5,10,20μg/kg 3个加标水平下的平均回收率为80.7%~100.9%,相对标准偏差(n=10)均小于10%。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法测定焙烤食品及其原料中11种真菌毒素

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UPLC-HRMS)测定焙烤食品及其原料中11种真菌毒素的检测分析方法。样品经20 mL含1%(体积分数)甲酸的乙腈-水(9∶1,v/v)溶液提取,经2.0 g无水硫酸、0.5 g氯化钠和300 mg C18盐析、净化后进行检测。采用CORTECS C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.6μm),以含0.1%(体积分数)甲酸的2 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液和含0.1%(体积分数)甲酸的2 mmol/L乙酸铵甲醇溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。结果显示,11种真菌毒素在各自的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(相关系数r2≥0.996 0),方法的定量限为0.15~20.00μg/kg,样品加标回收率为64.38%~122.61%,相对标准偏差为1.52%~12.99%(n=6)。该方法简单快速、灵敏度高、结果准确、可靠,利用该方法可有效测定焙烤食品及其原料中常见真菌毒素的含量。     

超高效液相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法筛查水产养殖用投料中36种兽药

建立超高效液相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱联用法快速筛查水产养殖用投料中多种兽药的方法。水产养殖用投料样品经80%（体积分数）乙腈水溶液（含体积分数为0.2%的甲酸）超声提取，过PRIME HLB固相萃取柱净化，以体积分数为0.1%的甲酸-乙腈溶液、0.1%甲酸水溶液和0.03%氨水-乙腈溶液、0.03%氨水溶液分别为正、负离子模式的流动相，用Accucore RP-MS色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,2.6μm）进行梯度洗脱分离。比对了在Q-Exactive全扫描模式下得到的多种兽药的实测精确质量数与理论精确质量数，其质量偏差为-1.281 4×10-6～1.223 5×10-6 Da，有效降低了基质干扰。结合建立的36种兽药的二级质谱数据库，利用碎片离子信息实现水产养殖用投料中多种兽药的快速筛查与定量。36种兽药在质量浓度为2.5～100μg/mL（酰胺醇类药物）、12.5～100μg/mL（其它药物）的范围内线性关系良好，相关系数均大于0.99。3种酰胺醇类药物的方法检出限为10μg/kg，其它药物的方法检测限为50μg/kg，样品加标回收率为59.9%～118.3%，相对标...     

超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定食品中34种非法添加减肥类化合物

建立了超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱测定食品(含保健食品)中34种减肥类非法添加化合物的方法。采用Waters CORTECS T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.7μm),以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液-含0.1%(v/v)甲酸的乙腈溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,在电喷雾离子源、正离子或负离子模式下以多反应监测(MRM)方式检测。西布曲明等29种化合物在0.5~10μg/L范围内、氯噻嗪等5种化合物在2.5~50μg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.99;西布曲明等29种化合物在5、10和20μg/kg添加水平下的平均加标回收率为49.2%~136.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.7%~15.0%(n=6),氯噻嗪等5种化合物在25、50和100μg/kg添加水平下的平均加标回收率为51.5%~130.9%,RSD为0.8%~14.0%(n=6);西布曲明等29种化合物的检出限为5μg/kg,定量限为10μg/kg,氯噻嗪等5种化合物的检出限为25μg/kg,定量限为50μg/kg。本方法已应用于实际样品的测定,共检出了12种化合物,有效打击了非法添加行为。     

亲水作用色谱-串联质谱法同时测定液态奶中三聚氰酸和三聚氰胺

建立了亲水作用色谱-串联质谱同时测定液态奶中三聚氰酸和三聚氰胺的方法。液态奶样品经体积分数2.5%甲酸溶液提取、离心后乙腈稀释,亲水作用色谱柱分离,电喷雾串联四极杆质谱检测器检测,分别在负、正离子模式下测定三聚氰酸和三聚氰胺。三聚氰酸和三聚氰胺分别在0.5～100μg/L、0.1～50μg/L范围内线性关系良好。在0.25～15mg/kg、0.1～7.5mg/kg添加水平范围内,三聚氰酸平均回收率为84.5%～98.0%(RSD为2.1%～6.1%),三聚氰胺平均回收率为85.5%～88.9%(RSD为3.2～5.8%)。三聚氰酸、三聚氰胺定量限分别为0.25mg/kg、0.1mg/kg。     

固相萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱法测定果蔬中草铵膦的残留量

建立了果蔬中草铵膦残留量的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品经水提取、二氯甲烷除去脂溶性杂质,强阳离子固相萃取小柱净化,9-芴甲基氯甲酸酯(FMOC-Cl)衍生后,以C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×50 mm,1.8μm)进行分离,5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(含0.1%甲酸)-乙腈(含0.1%甲酸)作为流动相梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子模式电离(ESI+),多反应监测模式(MRM)检测,内标法定量。方法在0~200μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)大于0.995。方法检出限为10μg/kg,定量下限为20μg/kg。在不同食品基质中,草铵膦在20,200,500μg/kg加标水平下的平均回收率为80.8%~102.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.8%~7.9%。该法采用同位素内标定量,有效地消除了样品基质效应,灵敏度高、准确度好,适用于果蔬中草铵膦残留量的监控测定。     

直接稀释/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定河豚鱼与织纹螺中2种河豚毒素

建立了直接稀释/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定河豚鱼与织纹螺中2种河豚毒素TTX和4,9-anh TTX的方法。样品经乙酸-甲醇(1∶99)溶液提取,高速离心,上清液用80%(体积分数)甲醇水溶液稀释和过滤后直接进样分析。以0.5 mmol/L甲酸铵的0.1%甲酸水溶液-0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相,采用梯度洗脱方式在ACQUITY BEH Amide色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)上分离,以电喷雾离子源正离子模式(ESI~+)扫描,多反应监测(MRM)模式采集,外标法定量。TTX和4,9-anhTTX分别在0.5～100μg/L、0.5～50μg/L质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r~2)均大于0.99,检出限(LOD,S/N≥3)为100～150μg/kg,定量下限(LOQ,S/N≥10)为300～450μg/kg。在河豚鱼、织纹螺基质中,3个浓度水平下的加标回收率为75.4%～96.8%,日内相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.3%～9.5%,日间RSD为5.3%～9.2%。该方法简便、高效、节约成本,适用于河豚鱼、织纹螺中2种河豚毒素的快速准确检测。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定食品包装材料中4种苯酚类抗氧剂迁移量

建立了气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)测定食品包装材料中2,6-二甲基苯酚、对叔丁基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚和叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚迁移量的方法。采用水、4%(体积分数)乙酸、50%(体积分数)乙醇和异辛烷作为食品模拟物,样品经食品模拟物浸泡:水基模拟物浸泡液经乙酸乙酯液液萃取后测定,异辛烷浸泡液则直接测定。采用DB-1701色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)进行分离,选择离子模式进行检测,外标法定量。结果表明,在优化实验条件下,4种苯酚类抗氧剂在0.1~10 mg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.999,方法检出限(LOD)均为0.01 mg/L,定量下限(LOQ)均为0.03 mg/L。在0.1、1.0、10.0 mg/L 3个加标水平下,方法的回收率为91.5%~110%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.9%~9.3%。该法准确、可靠、灵敏度高,适用于食品包装材料中4种苯酚类抗氧剂迁移量的测定。     

固相萃取/高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定饲料中的3种伏马毒素

建立了饲料中伏马毒素B1、B2、B3的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品经乙腈-水-甲酸(50∶49∶1,体积比)提取,PRIME HLB固相萃取柱净化后,采用Agilent Zorbax SB-C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,3.5μm)分离,以乙腈-5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(含0.1%甲酸)为流动相梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子(ESI+)源多反应监测(MRM)模式进行检测,基质校正曲线外标法定量。结果表明,3种化合物在5.0~250.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)均大于0.995,方法的检出限(LOD)和定量下限(LOQ)分别为3μg/kg和10μg/kg。在10、20、50μg/kg 3个加标水平下,伏马毒素的平均回收率为80.3%~93.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为7.5%~13.4%。该方法简单、快速、稳定,适用于饲料中伏马毒素的检测。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.