结合PBL课例的无机化学线下对分课堂教学设计与实践*

以原电池一节教学设计为例,探索了将PBL课例融入对分课堂教学模式。教学实践表明,新教学模式激发了学生的学习兴趣,提高了学生学习的积极性和主动性,提升了课程教学效果,达到了课程教学目标。对PBL课例与对分课堂有机融合的全新课堂教学模式的建设与发展进行了展望。     

基于问题的教学法在药物化学教学中的应用

药物化学是药学专业和制药工程专业的必修课。为提高教学质量,尝试将基于问题的教学法（PBL）应用于药物化学教学中,构建以学生为中心、发展自主学习的技能的相关教学模式,创设了适合于学生主动参与的新型教学环境,并对相应具体操作模式进行探讨。初步提出了一些评价方法,对于提高师生的教学兴趣,考察PBL教学效果具有指导意义。     

慕课时代翻转课堂在药物化学教学中的应用

针对药物化学课程的自身特点, 就如何开展翻转课堂进行了思考, 包括制作教学视频、课堂组织、课后辅导和教学评价等诸多环节。慕课和翻转课堂的结合, 调动了学生的学习主动性和积极性, 使学生成为教学主体, 有利于药物化学课程的教学和培养适合大药学背景下的药学人才。     

PBL教学法在高职药学专业有机化学教学中的应用

在高职药学专业有机化学的教学中采用PBL教学法,教学过程设计主要分为:教师课前设置问题,学生查找资料,分组讨论,学生评价,教师总结5个步骤。与传统教学法相比,PBL教学法具有能够激发学生学习兴趣,培养其自主学习能力,提高分析、解决问题的能力,提升学生整体素质等优点。     

基于翻转课堂的有机化学教学实例

将翻转课堂应用在有机化学教学中,通过课下微视频、课堂研讨、答疑、总结等方式成功实现。根据课程性质,创建翻转课堂模式,设计学习任务单,以教材中第4章“对映异构体”为例进行教学实践,引入了先学后教、线上线下混合学习、自助化学习、PBL学习等教学新思维。结果表明,该方式能够充分调动学生学习兴趣,培养探究式学习能力,让“教”与“学”成为一个真正的有机共生体。     

基于问题式学习的数据驱动混合式教学模式构建与实证研究——有机化学

基于“以学生为中心”的教育理念，针对基于问题式学习(PBL)的有机化学教学中存在的问题，进行了基于PBL的数据驱动混合式教学改革，并以有机化学课程为例进行了实证研究。线下教学内容注重根据学生线上自主学习的时长和测验统计等学习数据找到学生最近发展区，弹性决策课堂教学内容和活动，重点解决线上学习中的难点问题，并聚焦学生课堂的深度学习与个性化教学，实现了线上和线下学习活动的有机融合。问卷调查和学习行为分析结果表明，基于PBL的数据驱动混合式教学做到以学生为中心，个性化教学，持续改进教学效果，是提升学生学习质量的一种有效的教学模式。     

无机元素化学的智慧“教与学”*

依托校内无机化学在线课程,将基于“超星”学习通平台的混合式教学模式引入元素化学知识的学习,设计了“MOOC+案例精讲+QQ群辅助”的教学策略。实践过程中,借助MOOC自主学习低阶的知识点,采用专题直播、分组活动、PBL教学法开展高阶知识点的学习,QQ群辅助进行实时答疑。学习通平台串联起了教室端、移动端和管理端,师生线上线下的交流互动,有助于实现愉快、高效的智慧“教与学”。调查显示,基于“一平三端”的混合教学形式得到大部分学生的认可。     

“雨课堂+奥尔堡PBL模式”用于化学信息检索教学*

针对化学信息检索教学存在的主要问题,设计基于“雨课堂+奥尔堡PBL模式”的教学改革方案,并在许昌学院制药工程专业中予以实施,通过问卷调查和过程性评价检验教学改革效果。结果表明,在化学信息检索课程中引入“雨课堂+奥尔堡PBL模式”后,学生的信息检索能力、学习兴趣和学习效率等得到显著提升,教学满意度高达92.5%。     

药物化学教学中引入精准教学策略的探索与研究*

从提高学生学习积极性、改良教学方法、优化评价考核方式等方面对药物化学教学进行了探索与研究。提出基于LBL和PBL教学法,在药物化学教学中引入精准教学策略。分析了PBL和LBL 教学法相结合的优点,以及在药物化学教学中的应用情况。事实证明,在药物化学教学中引入精准教学策略,有助于弥补传统教学方法的不足,在提高学生学习积极性和主动性、提高教学质量、改善教学效果、培养学生综合能力等方面具有重要意义。     

PBL教学法在有机化学教学应用中的问题及解决措施

在有机化学教学中引入PBL教学法有利于提高学生自主学习的能力及综合素质,但在具体应用过程中还存在一些问题。基于此,从有机化学的课程特点、PBL教学内容及时间安排、PBL问题的设计、教师的引导作用、学生专业水平、考核方式等方面进行了分析讨论,并提出了相应的建议和解决方法。     

充满生机和科学机遇的磷化学研究所

简要地综述了第十五届国际磷化学会议的报告内容，介绍了目前磷化学的主要 研究领域，包括不对称合成、配合化学，生物碱化学，药物化学，农业化学等相关 领域的研究动态及新进展。     

Biologically inspired 3Fe4S cluster as structural mimics of FeMoco M-cluster

A 3Fe4S cluster related to M-cluster of Mo-nitrogenase is reported. [K(THF)₅][Fe₃(μ-bdt)₂(μ-PPh₂)(CO)₅] ( 1 ) is synthesized from photo-assisted structural rearrangement of [K(THF)₂][(μ,κ²-bdt)Fe₂(μ-PPh₂)(CO)₅] under visible light irradiation. The molecular structure of 1 consists of a Fe₃ core bearing one dithiolate bridge and the second dithiolate group capping onto the metallic plane. The structural motif of 1 is analogous to that of Mo-participated 3Fe4S unit in M-cluster of Mo-nitrogenase, with the similar Fe-Fe and Fe-S bond distances. Upon protonation in 193 K, a Fe-hydride species ( 1H ) is generated and characterized to possess the bridging hydride group (δ = −12.57 ppm) by ¹H-NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculation. In CH₃CN solution, complex 1 exhibits a reversible reduction and oxidation process at $E_{1/2}^{\mathrm{red}}$ = −1.94 V and $E_{1/2}^{\mathrm{ox}}$ = −0.18 V, respectively, at 273 K. The reduction behavior of 1 in CH₂Cl₂ solution at 243 K displays a slight modification in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid, revealing a moderate anodic potential shift (~50 mV). The current amplitude of the reduction wave is linearly increased with the increasement of acid added, indicative of the catalytic event.     

Dual zinc catalysts for L‐lactide polymerization and reaction of CO2 with cyclohexene oxide

A series of zinc complexes, [ L ^X ZnEt] ( 1–5 ) and [ L ^X Zn ₂ (OAc) ₃ ] (6–9) , associated with NNO‐tridentate Schiff base ligands (2‐(((2‐((cyclohexyl[methyl]amino)methyl)phenyl)imino)methyl)phenolate (CAP) derivatives), were synthesized, and their activity toward ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of L‐lactide (LA) and the reaction of CO₂ with cyclohexene oxide were also investigated. All of [ L ^X ZnEt] revealed excellent catalytic activity to ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of LA in the presence of benzyl alcohol. Among them, [ L ^H ZnEt] (1) showed the highest activity with 82% conversation within 45 s. In contrast, [L ^X Zn ₂ (OAc) ₃ ] (6–9) were inactive in ROP of L‐lactide. In addition, all of these Zn complexes demonstrated moderate activity in the reaction of CO₂ with cyclohexene oxide in the presence of Bu₄NCl.     

环戊二烯类有机金属含硫族化学的新进展

本文系统地综述了环戊二烯类有机过渡金属含硫族(S, Se, Te) 化学领域的研究现状和进展。参考文献136 篇。     

The Chemistry of Protactinium

Protactinium exhibits an ambivalent chemical behavior. In non-aqueous solutions and in the solid state, both quadrivalent and quinquevalent protactinium has properties which characterize it as a typical actinide element. On the other hand, investigations in aqueous solution show quinquevalent protactinium to be a homologue of niobium and tantalum. It exhibits – except in hydrofluoric acid solutions – a marked tendency to undergo irreversible hydrolysis and condensation reactions, which leads to the situation that tracer amounts (ca. 10^?12 mole/l) and macroscopic amounts (10^?3–10^?6 mole/l) of protactinium often behave differently. Reduction with strong reducing agents gives aqueous solutions of Pa(IV), the properties of which again correspond in general to those of Th(IV) and show no relation to Nb(IV). Our knowledge of the chemical behavior of this rare radioelement has been advanced, in particular, by the production in 1958–1960 of 100 g of pure protactinium – the largest amount so far – from residues of the British production of uranium.     

化学学科的新视角及其在化学教育中的反映

传统化学以研究变化,关注变化前后的结果而著称。化学与其他学科,特别是生命科学的相互渗透使得化学的动态特征更加突出,化学学科格局也因之发生了变化。因此,化学需要新认识。     

有机化学进展(2011~2012)

本文综述了中国大陆地区有机化学研究人员2011至2012年两年内在合成方法学、有机合成化学、元素有机化学以及天然产物化学等领域获得的重要成果。文章中共引用参考文献355篇,其中110多篇手性金属配合物和有机小分子催化的不对称反应、金属催化的碳氢键活化等合成方法学论文和30余篇氟有机化学论文基本来源于德国《应用化学》(国际版)和《美国化学杂志》。本文汇集了中国有机化学家两年中合成的150多个具有生物活性和化学结构多样性的天然产物,其中不乏具有高度挑战性的复杂天然分子。在近两年中中国有机化学家从陆地和海洋的生物体内发现各种不同类型新天然产物90多个。     

Novel arylpyridine‐based 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles: Synthesis,antibacterial, and anti‐inflammatory evaluation

In view of developing novel bioactive compounds, a series of 2‐(5‐[2‐methyl‐6‐arylpyridin‐3‐yl]‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐ylthio)‐1‐arylethanones (6a–n) were designed and synthesized in good yield. Novel compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory activities. All synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bascillus subtilis, Eschericia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Compounds 6a , 6b , 6c , 6h , and 6i displayed the highest antibacterial activity with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 6.25–12.5 μg/mL in comparison with the standard Ciprofloxacin. The results of anti‐inflammatory activity of carrageenan‐induced footpad edema assay indicated that tested compounds exhibited remarkable anti‐inflammatory activity with percentage of inhibition of 63.9–70.1% (potency 96.8–106.20% of indomethacin activity) after 3 hr. Particularly, 6c – e and 6j – l were found to be excellent inhibitors of inflammation, with potential higher than that of the standard, Indomethacin.     

Novel [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine derivatives embedded with benzimidazole moiety as potent antioxidants

Fourteen novel [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine derivatives bearing benzimidazole moiety ( 7a-n ) have been synthesized using the one-pot nitro reductive cyclization method. All the synthesized compounds were confirmed by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR), ¹³C NMR, fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), mass spectrum, and elemental analyses. All the title compounds were subjected to in vitro antioxidant activity. The free radical scavenging activity of the compounds was examined using DPPH, nitric oxide, and superoxide radical scavenging methods. The results demonstrated that compound 3-(2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)-6-4-tolyl-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine ( 7c ) was potent in scavenging both DPPH and nitric oxide radical with IC₅₀ values of 13.57 and 18.55 μg/ml when compared to the standard with IC₅₀ values of 23.75 and 23.14 μg/ml, respectively, which was due to the presence of electron-donating groups. The activity was found to decline when electron-donating groups were replaced by electron-withdrawing groups. Moderate scavenging activity was observed for the superoxide radical. Structure activity relationship and physiochemical properties were studied for all the derivatives.