1989年有机化学回顾（上）

从精心设计的天然产物的合成,到超分子体系的大胆的塑造,都是有机化学家弯弓鏖战的战场。有机化学与生物化学、材料科学之间相互关联的关系是显而易见的。     

漫谈金属有机化学

引言金属有机化学和配位化学分别是从有机化学和无机化学两个领域中发展起来而又密切联系的学科,目前已汇成一股洪流,成为近代化学前沿领域之一.它的发展打破了传统的有机化学和无机化学的界限,金属有机化学已成为有机化学中主流之一,它的发展又与理论化学、合成化学、催化、结构化学、生物无机化学、高分子科学等交织在一起. 什么是金属有机化合物?凡是化合物中含有碳-金属键的都是金属有机化合物.不言而喻,根据我国化学名词命名法,凡有金字偏旁的元素与碳成键的化合物,当然属于金属有     

中国金属有机化学的进展

本文综述了中国金属有机化学的进展。第一部分是主族元素金属有机化学,它包括有机硅、硼、砷和锡的化学。第二部分是过渡金属有机化学,包括过渡金属有机络合物的合成、结构和反应;过渡金属有机络合物在有机合成中的应用;均相催化和小分子活化。综述引用文献383篇。     

庆祝黄耀曾院士九十华诞学术论文专辑征稿启事

20 0 2年 1 1月是我国著名有机化学家、中国科学院资深院士黄耀曾教授九十华诞 .　　黄耀曾教授主要研究领域为有机合成化学 ,涉及多环化合物化学 ,氟化学以及金属有机化学等诸多方面 .五十年代末 ,他从事国防研究 ,解决了核武器试制中急需的高爆速塑料粘结炸药的研制等多项国防项目 ,为我国国防科技事业做出了重要贡献 .六十年代起从事金属有机化学研究 ,开辟了砷元素的类Ｗｉｔｔｉｇ反应并致力于应用金属有机化合物的有机合成方法学研究 ,发展了有机砷盐直接与醛反应的方法 ,并成功地用于多种天然产物 (如白三烯 )等的合成 ,实现了催化的…     

庆祝黄耀曾院士九十华诞学术论文专辑 征稿启事

20 0 2年 1 1月是我国著名有机化学家、中国科学院资深院士黄耀曾教授九十华诞 .　　黄耀曾教授主要研究领域为有机合成化学 ,涉及多环化合物化学 ,氟化学以及金属有机化学等诸多方面 .五十年代末 ,他从事国防研究 ,解决了核武器试制中急需的高爆速塑料粘结炸药的研制等多项国防项目 ,为我国国防科技事业做出了重要贡献 .六十年代起从事金属有机化学研究 ,开辟了砷元素的类Ｗｉｔｔｉｇ反应并致力于应用金属有机化合物的有机合成方法学研究 ,发展了有机砷盐直接与醛反应的方法 ,并成功地用于多种天然产物 (如白三烯 )等的合成 ,实现了催化的…     

庆祝黄耀曾院士九十华诞学术论文专辑 征稿启事

20 0 2年 1 1月是我国著名有机化学家、中国科学院资深院士黄耀曾教授九十华诞 .　　黄耀曾教授主要研究领域为有机合成化学 ,涉及多环化合物化学 ,氟化学以及金属有机化学等诸多方面 .五十年代末 ,他从事国防研究 ,解决了核武器试制中急需的高爆速塑料粘结炸药的研制等多项国防项目 ,为我国国防科技事业做出了重要贡献 .六十年代起从事金属有机化学研究 ,开辟了砷元素的类Ｗｉｔｔｉｇ反应并致力于应用金属有机化合物的有机合成方法学研究 ,发展了有机砷盐直接与醛反应的方法 ,并成功地用于多种天然产物 (如白三烯 )等的合成 ,实现了催化的…     

有机化学中新兴领域的积极开拓者——黄耀曾先生

黄耀曾先生(1912-2002),我国著名的有机化学家,中国科学院院士,我国有机氟化学的先驱者,我国金属有机化学的开拓者。曾任中央研究院化学研究所助理研究员,副研究员,上海第一医学院助教,讲师。中国科学院上海有机化学研究所副研究员,研究员,博士生导师;上海有机化学研究所副所长,中国科学院化学部常委,副主任,中国化学会常务理事,《有机化学》主编和国际《杂原子化学》顾问编委。他的研究工作不仅推动了有机化学的发展,而且在我国国防建设和经济建设中也做出了突出贡献。曾获全国科学大会奖,国家科学技术进步一等奖,国防科技事业荣誉证书,国家自然科学三等奖及二等奖,第三世界科学院化学奖,何梁何利基金科学与进步奖等众多奖项。几十年的学术生涯中,黄耀曾先生在国内外著名学术刊物上共发表论文230余篇,著译9本,培养了博士20名,其中有的当选为院士,有的已成为重要的科研骨干和领导,有的是著名的企业家。     

中国化学会第四届有机化学学术会议在昆明召开

中国化学会第四届有机化学学术会议于今年8月8日至8月12日在昆明召开。本届大会由中国化学会、国家自然科学基金委主办,云南大学承办。本届大会邀请了13名国内外学者在大会报告有机合成化学、物理有机化学、天然产物化学、高分子及超分子化学等领域的研究进展。会议还安排了96场会议报告,对在有机合成与药物化学、天然产物化学与有机分析化学、物理有机与金属有机化学和有机反应研究及合成方法学研究领域的研究工作进行交流。会议以墙报展讲方式交流的研究论文达500余篇。本届大会是规模空前的一次大会。与会代表840多人(历届会议代表在500…     

前言

<正>中国化学会第十八届全国金属有机化学学术讨论会于2014年8月19~22日在兰州大学隆重举行。本届会议由中国化学会主办,兰州大学功能有机分子化学国家重点实验室、中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所羰基合成与选择氧化国家重点实验室以及中国科学院上海有机化学研究所金属有机化学国家重点实验室共同承办。本届会议云集了我国金属有机化学界的著名专家学者以及广大研究生共1000多人。另外,还邀请了美国、香港以及台湾的著名化学家,大家围绕金属有机化学研究的前沿科学问题,交流了各自的最新研究成果、展望了学科未来发展的趋势,为推动我国在金属有机化学研究领域的国际交流、促进我国金属有机化学研究向更高目标迈进起到了极大的推动作用。本届会议共收到会议论文462篇,参会代表们围绕金属有机化学研究的前沿     

生物催化在有机合成中的应用

生物催化在有机合成化学中的应用在80年代越来越受到有机化学家的青睐。有机合成的研究近十几年来处于十分兴旺的时期,对于一些有特殊功能、又有复杂结构的天然产物合成的研究,往往是很多有机化学家竞相角逐的对象。近年来,合成研究的特点是日益要求合成程序的科学设计和所应用的反应具有高度选择性。1958年,Woodward在合成     

Synthetic and biological polymers--merging the interface

The increasing control that synthetic chemists are able to exert over molecular architecture is allowing the design and preparation of macromolecular and polymeric systems of unprecedented sophistication. In form and function, synthetic polymers are able to mimic many biological polymers, in effect ‘blurring the boundaries’ between the worlds of artificial and natural materials. In this review, some key examples from the merging interface between synthetic and natural polymers are considered, and illustrations of both ‘bio-inspired’ synthetic macromolecular chemistry and new directions in polymer materials are given.     

Carbene Complexes in Organic Synthesis [New Synthetic Methods (47)]

Transition metals are finding increasing use in organic synthesis on the borderline between “organic” and “inorganic” chemistry. Advantage is taken thereby of the fact that metal-induced CC bond formation often takes place with remarkable selectivity. The rapid development that has taken place in this area of chemistry is clearly demonstrated by the carbene complexes, examples of which are now known for almost all transition elements, and which have transformed from organometallic curiosities into synthetically useful reagents in less than two decades since the first studies of E. O. Fischer. They are not only suitable as carbene-transfer agents but also undergo interesting cycloadditions with other ligands in the co-ligand sphere. Their manipulation requires techniques no more complicated than those for Grignard reactions. Thus, carbene complexes can also be used in the synthesis of natural products such as vitamins or antibiotics.     

天然产物化学研究的挑战和机遇

本文论述了目前我国天然产物化学研究中所存在的问题以及面临的挑战和机遇,同时就如何促进我国天然产物的新结构、新功能及其合成化学等方面的原始性创新研究和相应的对策进行了评述。     

Review on asymmetric synthetic methodologies for chiral isoquinuclidines; 2008 to date

Isoquinuclidines constitute the central structural nucleus of numerous biologically active natural products, for example, iboga alkaloids such as ibogamine and catharanthine as well as non-indole-containing alkaloids such as the dioscorine and the cannivonines. Furthermore, in medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry, the isoquinuclidine core is commonly employed as a rigid azabicyclic scaffold, thus providing significant precursors in the synthesis of numerous valuable alkaloids. Summarizing well-organized approaches to access the chiral isoquinuclidine structural centerpiece signifies a significant endeavor not only for developing biologically active natural products but also enhancing biological researches that can lead to possible drug discovery. Over time, the values and methodologies for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral isoquinuclidines are increasing; hence to advance asymmetric synthesis, this review combines and discusses the pros and cons of each synthesis techniques from 2008. This review should be helpful for promoting further developments of asymmetric synthetic methodologies and for medicinal chemistry.     

Recent advances in the synthesis of new glycopeptide antibiotics

The vancomycin family of glycopeptide antibiotics has been inspiring research in the field of synthetic chemistry since the 1980s. Recent studies have moved away from the focus of total synthesis into new territory: the design and evaluation of novel compounds based on the natural products which exhibit improved antibacterial activity. Modern approaches to drug synthesis draw together investigations into the nature of the binding environment, and innovative synthetic methodologies which provide solutions to the challenging structural features and stereochemistry associated with this intriguing class of compounds. New analogues, derivatives and dimers of the natural products, as well as recent successes in the total synthesis of the complestatins are described in this tutorial review, covering literature from the last decade.     

Sir Robert Robinson's “Anthocyanin Period”: 1922–1934 — A Case Study of an Early Twentieth-Century Natural Products Synthesis

Abstract

Sir Robert Robinson was one of the leading synthetic organic chemists of the twentieth century. His work in both theoretical chemistry and natural product synthesis was pioneering and led to his being awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1947. His specific accomplishments in terms of chemical structures synthesised and the introduction of new theoretical propositions represented major accomplishments in chemistry in the first half of the twentieth century. As he was one of the leading figures in the emerging field of natural product synthesis, it is a valuable exercise to examine his publication pattern as it pertained to a natural products synthesis project. This pattern manifested itself in the publication of a series of papers over several years, each focused on a specific family of natural products, with the publications first concentrating on simple precursor structures, but quickly moving on to full synthetic procedures for the targeted natural products. This was followed by an exhaustive study of the particular family of compounds. This paper reports one of Robinson's synthetic programmes, namely the synthesis of anthocyanins, which was carried out from 1922 to 1934 and resulted in the publication of forty-seven papers, including one on the first artificial synthesis of a flower pigment. This approach, as outlined in Robinson's publications, to tackling a complex synthetic challenge provides insight into the methodology of one of the leading natural product chemists of the first half of the twentieth century.     

Chemoinformatics methods for systematic comparison of molecules from natural and synthetic sources and design of hybrid libraries

Until recently, the field of diversity and library design has more or less ignored natural products as a compound source. This is probably due to at least two reasons. First, combinatorial and reaction-based approaches have been major focal points in the early days of computational library design. In addition, a widespread view is that natural products are often highly complex and not amenable to medicinal chemistry efforts. This contribution introduces recent computational approaches to systematically analyze natural molecules and bridge the gap between natural products and synthetic chemistry programs. Large scale comparisons of natural and synthetic molecules are discussed as well as studies designed to identify `synthetic mimics' of natural products with specific activity. In addition, a concept for the design of natural/synthetic hybrid libraries is introduced. Although research in this area is still in its early stages, an important lesson to be learned from computational analyses is that there is no need to a priori `shy away' from natural products as a source for molecular design.     

Recent Advances in the Catalytic Synthesis of the Cyclopentene Core

Five-membered carbocycles are ubiquitously found in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and other classes of organic compounds. Within this category, cyclopentenes deserve special attention due to their prevalence as targets and as well as key intermediates for synthesizing more complex molecules. Herein, we offer an overview summarizing some significant recent advances in the catalytic assembly of this structural motif. A great variety of synthetic methodologies and strategies are covered, including transition metal-catalyzed or organocatalyzed processes. Both inter- and intramolecular transformations are documented. On this ground, our expertise in the application of C−H functionalization reactions oriented towards the formation of this ring and its subsequent selective functionalization is embedded.     

The Symbiotic Relationship Between Drug Discovery and Organic Chemistry

All pharmaceutical products contain organic molecules; the source may be a natural product or a fully synthetic molecule, or a combination of both. Thus, it follows that organic chemistry underpins both existing and upcoming pharmaceutical products. The reverse relationship has also affected organic synthesis, changing its landscape towards increasingly complex targets. This Review article sets out to give a concise appraisal of this symbiotic relationship between organic chemistry and drug discovery, along with a discussion of the design concepts and highlighting key milestones along the journey. In particular, criteria for a high-quality compound library design enabling efficient virtual navigation of chemical space, as well as rise and fall of concepts for its synthetic exploration (such as combinatorial chemistry; diversity-, biology-, lead-, or fragment-oriented syntheses; and DNA-encoded libraries) are critically surveyed.     

Natural product drug discovery: the times have never been better

The annual meeting of the Society for Industrial Microbiology (SIM) this year was held in Denver, Colorado, from July 29 to August 2, 2007. Nearly 200 oral and about 120 poster presentations kept the approximately 600 participants busy for more than 4 days. This report focuses on the 35 talks dedicated to natural products chemistry, biosynthesis, engineering, drug discovery and development, as well as neutraceuticals.