对磺酸基苯亚甲基硫代若丹宁固相萃取光度法测定金的研究

用文献[4]合成的新试剂对磺酸基苯亚甲基硫代若丹宁(SBDTR),研究了SBDTR与金的显色反应。在HCl介质中,乳化剂-OP存在下,SBDTR与金反应生成2∶1稳定络合物,络合物的λmax=540 nm,ε=1.05×105L.mol-1.cm-1,金量在0.1~20μg/10 mL内符合比尔定律,样中的金用TBP萃淋树脂固相萃取柱分离和富集后用该方法测定,方法相对标准偏差为2.2%~3.6%,标准回收率为96%~105%。     

DBC-偶氮氯膦固相光度法测定稀土元素铈,铕,钇

在2 mol/L HCl介质中,Ce(Ⅲ),Eu(Ⅲ),Y(Ⅲ)与DBC-偶氮氯膦形成的络合物吸附到201×7型强碱性苯乙烯阴离子树脂上。最大吸收波长Ce(Ⅲ)络合物为648 nm,Eu(Ⅲ)络合物为650 nm,Y(Ⅲ)络合物为650 nm。Ce(Ⅲ)络合物表观摩尔吸光系数为6ε48 nm=9.6×104L.mol-1.cm-1,Eu(Ⅲ)络合物表观摩尔吸光系数为6ε50 nm=1.51×105L.mol-1.cm-1,Y(Ⅲ)络合物表观摩尔吸光系数为6ε50 nm=5.6×104L.mol-1.cm-1。固相光度法测定Ce(Ⅲ),Eu(Ⅲ),Y(Ⅲ)质量浓度在0~0.48μg/mL范围内与吸光度值呈良好线性关系。该法可用于分子筛中Ce的测定。     

铜(II)酪氨酸乙酯络合物催化一锅法合成S(-)-1,1-′联萘-2,2′-二酚

利用“一锅法” ,以L 酪氨酸乙酯为原料和铜 (II)反应生成络合物 ,不对称催化氧化偶合 2 萘酚合成S ( -) 1,1′ 联萘 2 ,2′ 二酚 ,选择最佳反应条件 ,可使化学产率达到 67%,光学产率达到 62 %.     

钌联吡啶络合物与脱氧核糖核酸分子相互作用的荧光光谱研究与分析应用

合成了2苯基(4溴)咪唑[f]邻菲咯啉(简称PIP(Ⅲ)新的配体及〔Ru(bpy)_2PIP(Ⅲ)]~(2+)新的络合物,用荧光光谱研究了络合物与小牛胸腺DNA分子的结合情况,在 pH7.4,络合物与DNA作用后,在587nm(λ_(ex)=471nm)产生很强的荧光峰,其发光强度与DNA浓度呈线性关系;线性范围0～1.2mg/L;检测限(3a(?))为2.8mg/L.该方法具有较高灵敏度和准确度,对合成样品测定,结果令人满意.     

三正辛胺(TOA)分离贵金属的系统研究 Ⅰ.反相萃取色层法分离七个贵金属

本文系统详细地研究了七种贵金属彼此分离以及与贱金属分离的可能条件。此种工作尚未见报道。用三正辛胺作固定相。分别用1mol/L HCl、6mol/LHCl、2mol/L HNO_3—2mol/L HCl、3mol/L HNO_3-2mol/L HCl、4mol/L HNO_3-2mo1/L HCl和5％硫脲-1mol/L HCl为淋洗液,可以将Rh、Ru、Pd、Pt、Ir、Os、Au分步淋洗下来,达到彼此完全分离。为了使Rh(Ⅱ)与贱金属分离,必须将RhC1_6~(3-)转化为RhBrb_6~(3-),然后在另一色层柱上使它与贱金属分离。合成矿样的分析结果符合分析要求。     

金属酞菁作为苯及其衍生物羟化反应的催化剂——第五配位体作用的探讨

合成了一些过渡金属的酞菁络合物(MP_c其中M=Fe、Co、Ni、Cu),并对合成的金属酞菁进行了提纯、鉴定。测定了不同轴向配体L存在时FeP_c(L)_2型络合物的电子光     

浊点萃取-原子荧光光谱法测定水产品中砷形态

建立了浊点萃取-原子荧光光谱法测定水产品中砷形态的新方法。在p H 4.6,As(III)可与吡咯啶二硫代氨基甲酸铵(APDC)生成疏水性络合物,通过水浴加热,络合物被萃取到Triton X-114表面活性剂相。测定前,表面活性剂相加入0.4 m L Antifoam 204溶液,并用5%(V/V)HCl溶液定容至3 m L。在优化的实验条件下,As(III)在0.2~4.0μg/L范围内与荧光强度有良好的线性关系,方法检出限为0.009μg/L,RSD为3.4%,对于50 m L样品溶液的富集倍数为9.3。方法成功应用于水产品中砷形态分析,加标回收率为95.8%~104.3%。     

含载体D2EHPA的更新型支撑液膜体系对三价钆的分离

研究了以聚偏氟乙烯膜为支撑体, 二-(2-乙基己基)磷酸(D2EHPA)为流动载体, 煤油和D2EHPA的混合溶液作为膜溶液, 膜溶液和解析剂HCl溶液组成更新相的更新型支撑液膜(RSLM)中Gd(III)的分离行为|考察了料液pH、更新相HCl浓度、膜溶液与HCl溶液体积比、不同载体浓度对Gd(III)分离的影响, 得出了Gd(III)最优分离条件为: 更新相HCl溶液浓度4.00 mol/L, 膜溶液与HCl溶液体积比4∶3, 载体浓度控制在0.160 mol/L, 料液相中pH为4.80. 在最优分离条件下, 当Gd(III)的初始浓度为1.00×10^－4 mol/L时, 35 min Gd(III)分离率达到95.7%. 最后根据传质定律和界面化学理论提出了Gd(III)在RSLM中的传质动力学方程.     

4-(2-吡啶偶氮)-间苯二酚光度法测定铁矿石中的钒

在pH =6 .5的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中 ,钒 (V)与 4 (2 吡啶偶氮 ) 间苯二酚生成紫色络合物 ,络合物的最大吸收波长为 5 5 0nm ,表观摩尔吸光系数为 5 .2 8× 10 4L/ (mol·cm) ,工作曲线的线性范围为 0～ 10 0 μg/ (5 0mL) ,测定结果的相对标准偏差为 2 .4 0 %～ 3.2 0 % ,回收率为 97.0 %～ 10 2 .0 %。     

新试剂5-(4-氯苯基偶氮)-8-苯磺酰氨基喹啉光度法测定微量铜

在 p H 8.5的 Na2 B4 O7- HCl介质及有氯化十六烷基吡啶 ( CPC)存在时 ,室温下铜 ( )与 5 - ( 4 -氯苯基偶氮 ) - 8-苯基磺酰氨基喹啉 ( CPBSQ)迅速反应 ,生成络合比为 1∶ 3的有色络合物。研究了反应的最佳条件 ,建立了一个测定 Cu( )的光度分析新方法。Cu( )的浓度在 0～ 1 4.0 μg/2 5 m L 范围内符合比耳定律 ,其摩尔吸光系数为 8.1 2× 1 0 4 L· mol- 1· cm- 1。方法用于面粉、茶叶及奶粉中铜的测定 ,其相对标准偏差为 0 .5 8%～ 1 .2 % ,标准加入回收率为 95 .5 %～ 1 0 4 .5 %。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。