粮食中磺酰脲类除草剂的UPLC/MS/MS测定方法

建立了多类粮食作物中15种磺酰脲类除草剂的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用仪(UPLC/MS/MS)多离子监测(MRM)的多残留检测方法。样品经乙腈提取,乙腈饱和的正己烷液-液分配,石墨化碳氨基小柱净化,采用UPLC-MS/MS(ESI+)测定。方法中各种磺酰脲类除草剂在5～200μg/L浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数在0.9995～0.9999。在5～100μg/kg范围内,平均加标回收率在71.6%～115.3%之间,相对标准偏差不大于15%。各种药物的定量限(S/N≥10)均可达到5μg/kg。该方法可同时满足大豆、大米、玉米等多种粮食中磺酰脲类除草剂的检测需求。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定大豆与玉米中的苯甲酰脲类农药残留

建立了大豆和玉米中苯甲酰脲类农药的反相高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(LC-ESIMS/MS)检测方法。样品经含0.1%乙酸的乙腈提取、浓缩,阳离子固相萃取柱净化,液相色谱串联质谱测定。9种苯甲酰脲类农药在5.0～200μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r20.995)。在大豆和玉米基质中的检出限均为3.0μg/kg,定量下限均为10.0μg/kg。在10.0、20.0、50.0μg/kg 3个加标水平下,9种苯甲酰脲类农药的回收率为46%～92%,精密度(RSD)小于14%。方法准确、灵敏、简单,适用于大豆和玉米中9种苯甲酰脲类农药残留的同时测定。     

复合分子印迹固相萃取-HPLC-MS/MS法测定植物源性食品中多种农药残留

建立了复合分子印迹固相萃取(CMISPE)-高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)同时检测多种植物源性食品中20种三嗪类和磺酰脲类除草剂残留的分析方法。样品经乙腈提取后,利用液液萃取及复合分子印迹固相萃取小柱净化。液相色谱以乙腈和1%甲酸溶液作为流动相梯度洗脱,C8色谱柱分离,在多反应监测(MRM)正离子电喷雾扫描模式下进行HPLC-MS/MS分析。结果表明:20种除草剂在0.5~20 ng/m L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均在0.99以上。对玉米样品进行3个水平的加标回收试验(5,10,20μg/kg),20种目标化合物的回收率在62.7%~117.4%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.7%~13.9%。检出限(S/N≥3)均小于0.63μg/kg,定量限(S/N≥10)均小于2.1μg/kg。方法适用于植物源性食品中20种三嗪类及磺酰脲类农药残留的检测。     

土壤中13种磺酰脲类除草剂多残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测土壤中13种磺酰脲类除草剂多残留量的方法。样品经磷酸缓冲液(pH7.8)-甲醇(体积比1∶1)振荡提取,Oasis HLB固相萃取小柱净化后,采用多反应监测模式测定,外标法定量。13种磺酰脲类除草剂在5～200μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 1～0.9999。13种除草剂在5、20μg/kg水平下的平均加标回收率为89%～103%,相对标准偏差为1.1%～11.2%。方法的检出限(S/N=3)为0.020～0.092μg/kg,定量下限(S/N=10)为0.07～0.31μg/kg。     

玉米中9种磺酰脲类除草剂的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定

采用超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS),在多反应监测(MRM )模式下建立了玉米中9种磺酰脲类除草剂残留的定性定量分析方法.样品浸泡后采用甲醇-丙酮(体积比1:1)提取、浓缩,经C18固相萃取柱净化处理.采用UPLC-ESI MS/MS方法测定,外标法定量.9种磺酰脲类除草剂在0.05～2.0 mg...     

丹磺酰肼衍生-高效液相色谱-荧光检测器法测定水中痕量3-羟基丙醛

提出了丹磺酰肼衍生-高效液相色谱-荧光检测器法测定水中痕量3-羟基丙醛(3-HPA)的方法。将1.0 g水样、2.0 mL含200 mg·L^-1丹磺酰肼的乙腈溶液、1.0 mL 3.0%(体积分数)乙酸溶液混合,再用乙腈定容至50 mL,于40℃衍生反应30 min。以Agilent Eclipse Plus C₁₈色谱柱为固定相,以不同体积比的乙腈-0.10%(质量分数)七氟丁酸溶液的混合溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用荧光检测器测定。结果表明：衍生试剂丹磺酰肼与3-HPA衍生物在20 min内可实现基线分离;3-HPA的质量浓度在7.6～380.0μg·L^-1内与衍生物的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为1.1μg·L^-1;方法用于实际水样分析,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.71%,3-HPA的加标回收率为98.0%～102%。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定生鲜乳中三聚氰胺的含量

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定生鲜乳中三聚氰胺残留量。样品经乙腈溶液超声提取,过Waters Oasis MCX固相萃取小柱净化,50℃氮气吹干,再用1.0mL乙腈溶解后供高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析。以Waters Hilic色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,3μm)为固定相,用乙腈-5mmol·L-1乙酸铵(95+5)溶液洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子模式多反应监测,内标法定量。三聚氰胺的质量浓度在10.0μg·L-1以内呈线性,检出限(3S/N)为0.5μg·kg-1。取空白样品在3个标准加入水平下进行回收和精密度试验,回收率在99.8%~103%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)在1.9%~3.2%之间。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中10种苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂

建立了猪肉中除虫脲、氟幼脲、杀铃脲、氟铃脲、氟酰脲、氟苯脲、虱螨脲、啶蜱脲、氟虫脲、氟啶脲10种苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂药物残留量测定的高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱方法。样品采用丙酮-正己烷提取,经中性氧化铝固相萃取柱净化,高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱仪多反应监测,外标法定量和质谱确证。10种苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂在5~200μg/L范围内响应与浓度的线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.9984;检测低限为5.0μg/kg;回收率范围为57.6%~110.0%,相对标准偏差在2.8%~12%(n=6)之间。方法满足国际上对苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂类药物最大残留限量的分析要求,已应于猪肉中苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂残留的检测。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定粮谷中矮壮素和敌草快残留量

提出了粮谷中矮壮素和敌草快的液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。样品经甲醇-水-乙酸溶液提取后,经HLB固相萃取小柱净化,以Water ACOUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱为分离柱,0.1%(体积分数)甲酸-乙腈(20+80)混合溶液为流动相,采用正离子模式监测。矮壮素和敌草快的线性范围均为5.00～500μg.L-1,检出限(3S/N)分别为2.5,5.0μg.kg-1。回收率分别在77.7%～93.1%,73.9%～95.3%之间;测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)均小于15%。     

QuEChERS/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定土壤中31种磺酰脲类除草剂残留

建立了一种基于QuEChERS前处理技术和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UHPLC-MS/MS)同时测定土壤中31种磺酰脲类除草剂残留的方法。通过对色谱条件、提取溶剂、净化剂等进行优化,确定以甲醇和0.1%甲酸+5 mmol/L乙酸铵为流动相,1%(体积分数)乙酸-乙腈为提取溶剂,C18(25.00 mg/mL)为净化剂。31种磺酰脲类除草剂的线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)均不小于0.998 0,定量下限(S/N=10)为0.012~2.321μg/kg。3个加标水平(10、100、400μg/kg)下的平均回收率为71.8%~119%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.62%~13%。除烟嘧磺隆、三氟啶磺隆钠、玉嘧磺隆、啶嘧磺隆、氯吡嘧磺隆为中等强度基质效应外,其余待测物均表现为弱基质效应。该方法简便易操作,具有较好的灵敏度和准确度,适用于土壤中31种磺酰脲类除草剂残留的同时检测。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。