非线性一维光子晶体波导光双稳

利用非线性折射率系数较大且非线性时间响应较快的CdS_xSe_1-x玻璃为材料,设计并制备了非线性一维光子晶体波导光双稳器件,该器件的折射率空间分布呈正弦形式。实验测得双稳开关的阈值功率密度为1.60×10⁵W/cm²,开关时间为63ps。采用时域有限差分方法讨论了光子晶体带隙随入射光强变化而移动的情况,随着入射光功率密度的增加,光子晶体的带隙中心向短波方向移动。同时计算了该器件的双稳特性,理论计算得到双稳开关的阈值功率密度为1.40×10⁵W/cm²,开关时间约为50ps。获得了理论与实验基本一致的结果。     

二噁英、多溴联苯醚和多氯联苯同时测定方法的研究

本实验以美国环保署1613B、1614和1668A等标准方法为基础,建立了同一样品中二噁英、多溴联苯醚和多氯联苯的同位素稀释-多层色谱柱净化-高分辨气质联用-高通量同时分析方法.该方法利用弗罗里土对二噁英组分吸附能力强的特点,采用不同极性的溶剂淋洗,先实现二噁英组分和其它两个组分的分离,再利用多溴联苯醚更易保留在硝酸银硅胶(10%)柱上的特点,实现了多溴联苯醚和多氯联苯两类化合物的分离.实验优化了样品前处理过程,纯化过程中去除了大量干扰物质,同时将三类化合物在前处理中进行分离,消除了相互干扰,实现了准确定量.纯化效果和检测限均符合美国环保署相关标准的要求.通过标准参考物的比对和实际样品的分析验证了方法的可靠性和结果的准确性.     

基于连续光谱分析的在线水质检测信号处理研究

在线光谱水质检测仪器是现代水资源环境监测技术的重要发展方向之一,具有多参数监测和准确度高、重复性好的技术优势,然在线被测水样的光谱信号处理是其关键核心技术,为此,基于连续光谱分析,建立了在线被测水样光谱测量信号的数学模型,提出了基于双波长光强比值不变性的光谱测量信号系统误差处理方法,并结合小波多分辨率滤波噪声处理技术,系统研究了基于在线被测水质参数光谱特征的背景干扰处理方法。以上信号处理方法应用于自主研制的多参数光谱水质监测仪器,在线检测标准环境水样及实际环境水样中的化学需氧量、六价铬和阴离子表面活性剂等水质参数,并与国家标准分析方法展开了现场对比测试,仪器的关键参数重复性(相对标准偏差RSD≤10%)与准确度(实际水样比对试验相对误差A≤10%)均达到并优于国家环境保护技术标准要求,表明该信号处理方法能够有效消除在线水质检测光谱测量信号的系统误差及噪声与背景干扰,对于提升光谱水质监测仪器的技术性能具有重要的作用。     

Flux vector splitting solutions for coupling hydraulic transient of gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow in pipelines

The gas-liquid-solid three-phase mixed flow is the most general in multiphase mixed transportation. It is significant to exactly solve the coupling hydraulic transient problems of this type of multiphase mixed flow in pipelines. Presently, the method of characteristics is widely used to solve classical hydraulic transient problems. However, when it is used to solve coupling hydraulic transient problems, excessive interpolation errors may be introduced into the results due to unavoidable multiwave interpolated calculations. To deal with the problem, a finite difference scheme based on the Steger-Warming flux vector splitting is proposed. A flux vector splitting scheme is established for the coupling hydraulic transient model of gas-liquid-solid three-phase mixed flow in the pipelines. The flux subvectors are then discretized by the Lax-Wendroff central difference scheme and the Warming-Beam upwind difference scheme with second-order precision in both time and space. Under the Rankine-Hugoniot conditions and the corresponding boundary conditions, an effective solution to those points located at the boundaries is developed, which can avoid the problem beyond the calculation region directly induced by the second-order discrete technique. Numerical and experimental verifications indicate that the proposed scheme has several desirable advantages including high calculation precision, excellent shock wave capture capability without false numerical oscillation, low sensitivity to the Courant number, and good stability.     

Bias dependence of a deep submicron NMOSFET response to total dose irradiation

Deep submicron n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (NMOSFETs) with shallow trench isolation (STI) are exposed to ionizing dose radiation under different bias conditions.The total ionizing dose radiation induced subthreshold leakage current increase and the hump effect under four different irradiation bias conditions including the worst case (ON bias) for the transistors are discussed.The high electric fields at the corners are partly responsible for the subthreshold hump effect.Charge trapped in the isolation oxide,particularly at the Si/SiO 2 interface along the sidewalls of the trench oxide creates a leakage path,which becomes a dominant contributor to the offstate drain-to-source leakage current in the NMOSFET.Non-uniform charge distribution is introduced into a threedimensional (3D) simulation.Good agreement between experimental and simulation results is demonstrated.We find that the electric field distribution along with the STI sidewall is important for the radiation effect under different bias conditions.     

岩石爆破开挖诱发振动的等效模拟方法

岩石爆破开挖过程中爆炸荷载的复杂性、岩石介质模型的多变性、本构方程的多样性、以及群孔爆 破模拟计算工作量巨大等诸多因素使得准确模拟爆破诱发的围岩振动存在较大的困难,鉴于此提出一种等 效数值模拟方法。根据爆破过程炮孔周围岩石破坏范围的空间分布特征,确定群孔起爆条件下爆炸荷载作用 的等效弹性边界;通过分析炸药起爆后炮孔空腔动力膨胀、岩体裂纹扩展、炮孔堵塞物运动以及爆生气体的逸 出,计算了等效边界上沿炮孔轴向变化的爆炸荷载。结合瀑布沟水电站1# 尾水隧洞爆破开挖监测,基于动力 有限元法运用该等效技术模拟了围岩的质点振动速度。数值模拟与现场实测数据的对比表明该等效模拟技 术用于岩石爆破开挖围岩响应的计算是合适的。计算结果同时还显示,等效边界邻近岩体力学参数的选取对 计算结果有重要影响。     

远程多光束激光相干场成像拍频误差校正研究

多光束激光相干成像技术是地基观测空间目标的重要方式,各光束的稳定性和性能一致性直接决定着系统成像质量,目前针对系统频率稳定性对成像质量的影响以及激光源频漂的补偿已有一定研究,然而针对多光束发射系统,由驱动放大噪声及声光移频噪声引起的各光束间独立的频漂还需进一步抑制.基于此,本文提出了动态解调和置信区间解调两种抑制方法,理论仿真了动态解调对缓慢频漂抑制的可行性,同时实验证明了置信区间解调法对成像效果的提升,并在200 m和1.2 km的湍流环境中对该解调方法进行了验证.研究表明,置信区间解调法对于各拍频间独立漂移有较好的实时补偿效果,能够有效抑制发射阵列中由声光调制及驱动放大引入的频率噪声,对水平距离1.2 km外的25 mm目标成像角分辨率达到4μrad.本研究为未来远程大功率发射阵列成像中的频率噪声抑制提供了较好的技术方案.     

上行链路大气波前畸变对剪切光束成像技术的影响

剪切光束成像（sheared-beam imaging,SBI）技术是一种利用三束剪切相干激光照明的非传统成像技术,该技术通过探测器阵列接收目标反射回波的散斑图进行计算成像,在对远距离暗弱目标高分辨率成像方面有着独特的优势.大气湍流引起的光束波前畸变是影响SBI成像质量的一个关键因素,因此本文从湍流引起的激光波前畸变对目标频谱信息提取的影响入手,建立了光束波前畸变对成像影响的理论模型.利用多层相位屏模型模拟了近地25 km大气对SBI光束传输的影响.通过计算机仿真,得到了不同激光发射孔径和不同成像距离时SBI的成像结果.仿真结果表明,选取合适的发射孔径尺寸可以有效缓解湍流对光束波前质量的影响,从而提升成像质量.在Hutchin的研究基础上,对孔径选择范围的已有研究成果进行了扩展与深化.给出了SBI系统发射孔径尺寸选取的建议,为SBI对不同高度目标成像的像质差异分析提供了参考.     

Laser-induced convenient fabrication of CdS nanocages with super-adsorption capability for methyl blue solution

We report on the successful synthesis of cadmium sulfide(CdS) nanocages by laser ablation of bulk Cd target in thioacetamide(TAA) solution. The CdS nanocages exhibit obvious interior hollow spaces and distinctive porous-shell structures. After laser ablation of Cd target in liquid condition, the unique structure should be attributed to the initial formation of Cd micro-gas bubble via a model of micro-explosive boiling model. Surprisingly, the obtained CdS nanocages can provide a super-adsorption of methyl blue(MB) solution. The maximum adsorption capacity reaches up to 11813.3 mg/g,which is much higher than that reported in many previous researches. Without using any complicated stabilizers or soft directing agents, the pure CdS nanocages fabricated by laser ablation will serve as advanced absorbents in further research.     

剪切光束成像技术对纵深目标的成像

剪切光束成像技术是一种能透过大气湍流对远距离目标实现高分辨率成像的主动成像技术.现有相关研究中所采用的目标均为二维平面目标,然而现实中的目标一般都具有三维形貌,目标纵深对回波信号产生的延迟或对成像质量产生不利影响.从剪切光束成像理论出发,在二维目标成像模型的基础上建立了三维纵深目标成像模型,并利用该模型研究了两剪切光与参考光间的频差及目标纵深对成像的影响.仿真结果表明,随着拍频的增大,重构图像质量逐渐下降.剪切光束成像技术可通过减小拍频来提高真实目标成像质量.