无溶剂体系中酶促合成糖酯

以固定在阴离子树脂上的脂肪酶Novozym435为催化剂,在无溶剂体系中研究了果糖与月桂酸的直接酯化反应.对反应条件进行了优化,在加水量30μL、pH值7.5、月桂酸与果糖摩尔比5∶1、加酶量与底物质量比17%、温度为60℃、反应48 h,达到最大相对转化率为75.6%(以果糖月桂酸双酯计算),比不加水时的49.2%有了较大的提高.产物经TLC分析,果糖月桂酸单酯Rf值为0.44,果糖月桂酸双酯Rf值为0.79,13C NMR鉴定,产物主要是1-β-D-呋喃果糖月桂酸单酯和1,6-β-D呋喃果糖月桂酸双酯.与传统有溶剂反应相比,无溶剂反应更易于后期分离纯化,并节省了溶剂,降低了生产成本.     

A colorimetric fructose assay

A new spectrophotometric method for measuring fructose is presented. The method uses Tryptamine in HCl acid, is carried out at 60°C, and is complete within 60 min. The assay is read at 518 nm and shows very low interference from other sugars. The method can be used for fructose, fructosans, and inulin.     

Fragmentation of deprotonated d-ribose and d-fructose in MALDI—Comparison with dissociative electron attachment

We present a detailed, collaborative study on the fragmentation of deprotonated native d-ribose and d-fructose and the isotopically labelled 1-¹³C-d-ribose, 5-¹³C-d-ribose and C-1-d-d-ribose. The fragmentation is studied in a matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometer (MALDI ToF MS), both in in-source decay (ISD) and post-source decay (PSD) mode and compared with fragmentation through dissociative electron attachment (DEA). Fragmentation of deprotonated monosaccharides formed in the MALDI process, as well as their transient molecular anions formed upon electron attachment are characterized by loss of different numbers of H₂O and CH₂O units. Two different fragmentation pathways leading to cross-ring cleavage are identified. Metastable decay of deprotonated d-ribose proceeds either via an X-type cleavage yielding fragment anions at m/z = 119, 100 and 89, or via an A-type cleavage resulting in m/z = 89, 77 and 71. A fast and early metastable cross-ring cleavage of deprotonated d-ribose observed in in-source decay is dominated by X-type cleavage leading mainly to m/z = 100 and 71. For dissociative electron attachment to d-ribose a sequential dissociation was identified that includes metastable decay of the dehydrogenated molecular anion leading to m/z = 89. All other fragmentation reactions in DEA to d-ribose are likely to proceed directly and on a faster timescale (below 400 ns).     

Preparation of porous carbon directly from hydrothermal carbonization of fructose and phloroglucinol for adsorption of tetracycline

Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass is a promising method to prepare carbonaceous materials. Generally, post physical or chemical activation is necessary to increase surface area and porosity of the carbon. Herein, porous carbonaceous material (FPC) with large surface area (481.7 m²/g) and pore volume (0.73 cm³/g) was prepared directly from hydrothermal carbonization of fructose and phloroglucinol in hydroalcoholic mixture. Structure characteristics of the FPC and its adsorption capacity for a representative antibiotic tetracycline in aqueous solution were investigated. This work provides a green and efficient method to fabricate porous carbonaceous adsorbent that has great potential applications in chemical and environmental fields.     

Preparation of Anatase Hollow TiO2 Spheres and Their Photocatalytic Activity in the Photodegradation of Chlorpyrifos

Hollow anatase titania (TiO₂) spheres were synthesized using fructose and tetrabutyl titanate (Ti(OC₄H₉)₄, TBT) as the precursors via the conventional hard template method. The morphological, structural and thermal properties of the products were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA), Brunauer? Emmett? Teller (BET) surface area analysis and diffuse reflectance ultraviolet visible (DR UV? Vis) spectroscopy. XRD revealed that the hollow TiO₂ prepared was in the anatase phase and the BET surface area measured was about 22 m² g^?1. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized hollow anatase TiO₂ in the photodecomposition of chlorpyrifos was 18.67 % higher than that obtained using commercial TiO₂.     

利用Cu0/多壁碳纳米管纳米复合物修饰玻碳电极快速非酶法检测葡萄糖和果糖(英文)

A nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor for glucose and fructose was fabricated that contained a glassy carbon electrode modified with a copper oxide (CuO)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposite. The electrochemical properties of the CuO/MWCNT‐modified glassy carbon electrode were investigated. Two distinguishable anodic peaks were observed around 0.30 and 0.44 V corresponding to the oxidation of glucose and fructose, respectively, at the surface of the modified electrode. The detection limits for glucose and fructose were both 0.04 mmol/L. The sensor was used to simultaneously determine the concentrations of glucose and fructose in hydrolyzed sucrose samples, and to measure glucose in blood serum samples, demonstrating its potential as a nonenzymatic carbohydrate sensor.     

氯氧化锆-氯化铵荧光光谱法测定葡萄糖共存下的果糖

文章根据ZrOCl₂水解产生的[ZrO(OH)]+能与果糖作用产生荧光的原理,建立了果糖的定量测定方法。在NH₄Cl介质中,体系的荧光强度有所增强,产物在408 nm处发荧光,在0.5～25 μg·mL-1范围内荧光强度与果糖浓度成正比,当反应温度为70 ℃、反应时间15 min时,葡萄糖不干扰测定。该法成功用于水果中果糖的测定,灵敏度高,检出限达0.071 μg·mL-1,方法稳定性好,结果满意。     

Carbon Dot−NaCl Crystals for White-Light Generation and Fabry-Perot Lasing

Phosphor materials with broad spectral range and an average emission lifetime (20 μs) have been achieved from carbon dots (CDs)−NaCl crystals. A one-pot synthesis pathway has been developed for CDs−NaCl crystals formation at room temperature. Precursor for CDs materials was screened at room temperature by oxidation methodology from different simple sugar molecules. CDs (size less than 10 nm) prepared from the fructose sugar exhibit most intense emission. Utilizing ripe banana peel (contains ∼27% of fructose) as a precursor for the carbon dot formation, white-light emission with a CIE index of (0.29, 0.34) has been achieved from the single source with CDs−NaCl crystals upon excitation at 430 nm. The crystals also function as Fabry-Perot (F−P) mode resonator for lasing, with a laser threshold value of 0.9 mW and a resonating Q-factor of 207. These results outline a new approach for realizing F−P lasing and white light emission from a non-toxic green source with a quick, facile and low-cost synthesis procedure.     

高效液相色谱法测定饮料中糖、甘油和乙醇

研究了高效液相色谱法测定饮料中糖、甘油和乙醇的方法。饮料样品用WatersSep Pak C18固相萃取小柱预分离 ,以WatersSugar Pak 1钙型阳离子交换柱为固定相 ,0 .0 5 g·L- 1ED TA钙钠水溶液为流动相 ,示差折光仪为检测器 ,一次进样测定饮料样品中的糖、甘油和乙醇。检出限在微克级 ,RSD在 0 .6 8%～ 2 .1%之间 ,标准回收率在 96 %～ 10 7%之间。方法用于几种饮料样品的测定 ,结果满意     

Flow-injection system for the fluorimetric determination of fructose with an immobilized mannitol dehydrogenase reactor

Immobilized mannitol dehydrogenase is used for the determination of D-fructose in a flow-injection system. The enzyme is immobilized on poly(vinyl alcohol) beads. The oxidation of NADH occurs simultaneously and the disappearance of NADH is measured fluorimetrically. The response is linearly related to fructose concentration in the range 6–600 μM; 30 samples per hour can be analysed. The immobilized enzyme retains over 80% of its initial activity after repetitive use for 2 months.