加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定党参中69种农药残留量

采用加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定党参中69种农药残留量。样品以乙腈为溶剂经加速溶剂提取,提取液用Carb/NH2固相萃取小柱净化。在气相色谱分离中用VF-5MS柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用多反应监测模式。69种农药在一定的质量浓度范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的测定下限(10S/N)在0.03~21.2μg·kg-1之间。在20,100,200μg·kg-1等3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率在63.8%~110%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.9%~13%之间。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定烟草中97种农药残留量

利用气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MS/MS)检测烟草中97种农药残留。样品以乙腈为溶剂经加速溶剂萃取(ASE),提取液用Carbon-NH2固相萃取小柱净化后,采用VF-5MS色谱柱分离,用电子轰击离子源-多反应监测模式(EI-MRM)检测。97种农药的质量浓度在20~1 000μg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的测定下限(10S/N)在0.02~22.4μg·kg-1之间;在50,100,500μg·kg-1的加标水平下,测得回收率在67.4%~116%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.9%~14%之间。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定蔬菜及水果中15种农药残留量

应用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定蔬菜及水果中15种农药的残留量。样品用顶空-固相微萃取进行前处理。经优化的试验条件:1采用100μm聚二甲基硅氧烷萃取头;2离子浓度:样品匀浆液中含(w)30%氯化钠;3萃取温度为70℃±1℃;4萃取时间为30min。在气相色谱分离中用HP-5MS色谱柱,在质谱分析中采用全扫描和选择离子监测模式。15种农药的质量浓度均在0.05~1.0mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.02~0.10μg·kg-1之间。以2种果品作基体,在0.05,0.2,0.5mg·kg-1 3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,测得回收率在71.0%~96.0%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.5%~9.8%之间。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定三七提取物中16种多环芳烃

提出了气相色谱-质谱法测定三七提取物中16种多环芳烃。样品用环己烷萃取,经凝胶渗透色谱净化处理后,采用HP-5MS色谱柱分离,电子轰击离子源-选择离子检测模式检测,外标法定量。16种多环芳烃的质量浓度在0.01~1.0mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的测定下限(10S/N)在0.3~9.5μg·kg-1之间。在0.01,0.05,0.1mg·kg-1添加水平下,16种多环芳烃的加标回收率在70.1%~111%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在3.0%~9.4%之间。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中阿特拉津

应用固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中阿特拉津的含量。土壤样品采用索氏提取,硅胶固相萃取小柱净化。在气相色谱分离中用TR-5MS色谱柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用选择离子检测模式。阿特拉津的质量浓度在5.00~200μg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限为0.32ng·g-1。加标回收率在88.2%~90.7%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)为4.8%。     

液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定墨水中的16种多环芳烃

采用液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定墨水中的16种多环芳烃。样品经二氯甲烷液液萃取后,使用固相萃取技术进行纯化。在气相色谱分离中用DB-5MS色谱柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用选择离子监测模式。16种多环芳烃在一定的质量浓度范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在5.0~30μg·kg-1之间。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在60.6%~116%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.5%~5.3%之间。     

气相色谱-火焰光度法测定水产品中敌敌畏残留

本文建立了快速、准确测定水产品中敌敌畏残留量的气相色谱-火焰光度检测法(GC-FPD)。样品经过乙腈涡旋振荡-固液萃取,乙腈和饱和正己烷组成的溶液中去除类脂,乙酸乙酯反萃取净化,定容后采用气相色谱分析。结果显示,在敌敌畏浓度为0~1.0μg·mL-1范围内,色谱峰的峰高与其浓度线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)为0.9996;在添加水平分别为2、4、20μg·kg-1的草鱼、虾和鳖空白肌肉组织样品中,加标回收率在87.9%~95.6%之间,相对标准偏差低于8%,检测限和定量限分别为0.6μg·kg-1和1.8μg·kg-1。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定辐照鱼油中2-烷基环丁酮

提出了固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定辐照鱼油中2-烷基环丁酮(2-十二烷基环丁酮和2-十四烷基环丁酮)含量的方法。0.300g辐照鱼油样品用正己烷溶解,ProElut Silica固相萃取柱净化。在气相色谱分离中用HP-5MS色谱柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用选择离子监测模式。2种2-烷基环丁酮的质量浓度均在0.01~1.0mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的测定下限(10S/N)为10μg·kg-1。加标回收率在91.2%~96.0%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在3.7%~5.9%之间。     

气相色谱法测定食品中仲丁灵残留量

提出了气相色谱法测定食品中仲丁灵残留量的方法。样品用正己烷-丙酮(1+1)混合液提取,提取液经凝胶渗透色谱和固相萃取净化。用DB-1701色谱柱分离,电子捕获检测器测定。仲丁灵的质量浓度在10.0~500μg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为1.4μg·kg-1。添加10,20,50μg·kg-1 3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验,回收率在84.2%~97.2%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=8)在3.8%~15%之间。     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定果蔬中36种农药残留

采用气相色谱-质谱法测定果蔬中36种农药残留。果蔬试样经丙酮-水匀质,二氯甲烷液-液萃取,然后过石墨化炭黑固相萃取柱净化,浓缩定容后在DB-5毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm)分离,质谱中选择电喷雾离子源-选择离子监测模式。36种农药残留的质量浓度在一定范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)均不高于15μg·kg-1。加标回收率在75.3%~115%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.6%~7.8%之间。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。