ABO3,A2BO4型复合氧化物催化剂用于CO,CH4,NH3完全氧化的比较

本文探讨了ＣＯ，ＣＨ４和ＮＨ３在ＬａＮｉＯ３，Ｌａ２ＮｉＯ４和ＬａＳｒＮｉＯ４三个催化剂上的氧化行为，并得出结论：对于ＣＯ氧化，关键步骤在于ＣＯ在催化剂表面上的络合活化。Ｎｉ＾３＋含量越高，越利于ＣＯ的络合活化。对于氨氧化，催化反应遵循氧化－还原机理。Ｎｉ＾３＋是主要的活性离子，晶格氧是主要活性氧种。对于ＣＨ４氧化，催化机理较复杂，只是发现Ａ２ＢＯ４型氧化物（Ｌａ２ＮｉＯ４，ＬａＳｒＮｉＯ４）比Ａ     

CexZr1—xO2复合氧化物负载PdO催化剂的CO和CH4氧化性能研究

以CexZr1-xO2复合氧化物为载体, 采用浸渍法配制了负载PdO催化剂,考察了催化剂对CO和CH4的氧化活性, 并对该催化剂的还原性能进行了表征. 结果表明,Ce/Zr比对催化剂的活性影响很大. 对于CO氧化, 当x=0.8时, 催化活性最高;而对于CH4氧化, x=0.5时,活性最高. 出现3个催化剂还原峰(α、β、γ), α峰归属于PdO还原,而β和γ峰归属于载体的还原. 我们认为α峰与CO氧化有关.     

甲基丙烯醛氧化酯化制甲基丙烯酸甲酯催化剂的制备与应用

甲基丙烯醛氧化酯化制甲基丙烯酸甲酯催化剂的制备与应用;催化剂; 甲基丙烯酸甲酯; 甲基丙烯醛; 氧化-酯化反应     

甲苯选择性氧化制苯甲醛：铁锑氧化物表面性质与催化性能的研究

甲苯选择性氧化制苯甲醛——铁锑氧化物表面性质与催化性能的研究葛欣张惠良（南京大学化学系南京２１００９３）关键词铁锑氧化苯甲醚甲苯选择性氧化中图分类号Ｏ６４３．３２２铁锑氧化物是烯烃氧化反应中催化剂的主要组成之一［１］，在催化剂中当Ｓｂ／Ｆｅ从１．０变...     

CO在纳米CeO2负载的Pd-Cu催化剂上的低温催化氧化

用溶胶-凝胶法制得了平均晶粒度为15nm的CeO2粉体,并用浸渍法制备了Pd-Cu/纳米CeO2催化剂;通过XRD、SEM和HRTEM等表征手段研究了纳米CeO2粉体和Pd-Cu/纳米CeO2催化剂的性能;考察了催化剂对CO的低温催化氧化活性.结果表明纳米CeO2粉体负载的Pd-Cu催化剂对CO的低温催化氧化活性明显优于一般CeO2颗粒负载的Pd-Cu催化剂,其CO完全氧化的最低温度比Pd-Cu/热分解法CeO2催化剂低约70℃,比Pd-Cu/工业CeO2催化剂低约130℃.因此,纳米CeO2粉体作载体可极大地提高Pd-Cu催化剂的CO氧化性能.     

超临界CO2中醇类的分子氧氧化

本文以催化剂体系为主线,介绍了超临界二氧化碳中以分子氧代替化学计量氧化荆的醇类清洁氧化技术的研究进展.分析了所研究的催化剂体系的催化性能,主要有钯、铂、钌、金等金属催化剂以及杂多酸催化剂体系;介绍了超临界二氧化碳体系中相行为的影响.指出超临界二氧化碳中醇类清洁氧化技术的研究才刚刚起步,其中高效催化剂体系的开发是超临界二氧化碳中醇类清洁氧化技术能否工业化的关键.     

一氧化碳低温催化氧化

一氧化碳 (CO) 催化氧化反应因在实际生活中应用广泛而受到人们普遍关注,如激光器中微量CO的消除、封闭体系中CO的消除、汽车尾气净化以及质子交换膜燃料电池中少量CO的消除等。本文总结了近年来CO低温催化氧化研究进展,包括催化剂及其制备方法、CO氧化反应机理以及不同环境气氛对催化剂CO低温氧化性能的影响。催化剂的制备方法主要包括传统浸渍法、共沉淀法、沉积-沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、离子交换法、化学气相沉积法、溶剂化金属原子浸渍法等。催化剂可分为贵金属催化剂、非贵金属催化剂、以分子筛为载体的催化剂和合金催化剂等。CO氧化反应机理方面的相关报道较多,人们针对不同催化剂体系提出了各种假设。不同环境气氛对催化剂CO低温氧化性能的影响主要分为H₂O、CO₂、H₂和其它气氛等4部分进行描述。最后对该领域的发展前景进行了展望。     

甲烷在SrO-La2O3/CaO催化剂上的氧化偶联Ⅲ.动力学处理及其反应机理

动力学的比较研究发现,在20％La_2O_3/CaO(LC)催化剂中添加SrO(SLC),改变了甲烷氧化偶联的反应机制。根据前文的动力学实验结果,提出了简化的反应网络和几种反应机理,并且进行了动力学处理。结果表明,在LC催化剂上的甲烷氧化偶联满足Langmuir-Hin-shelwood机理,反应的活性氧物种为分子态吸附氧物种O_2~*,CO_x来源于[CH_3·]同气相分子氧的相互作用;而SLC催化剂的甲烷氧化偶联却满足修正的Rideal-Redox机理,反应的活性氧物种为表面氧物种O~-,CO_x由[CH_3·]同O~-的相互作用产生。     

CO在纳米CeO2负载的Pd-Cu催化剂上的低温催化氧化

用溶胶一凝胶法制得了平均晶粒度为15nm的CeO2粉体,并用浸渍法制备了Pd-Cu/纳米CeO2催化剂;通过XRD、SEM和HRTEM等表征手段研究了纳米CeO：粉体和Pd-Cu/纳米CeO2催化剂的性能;考察了催化剂对CO的低温催化氧化活性。结果表明：纳米CeO2粉体负载的Pd-Cu催化剂对CO的低温催化氧化活性明显优于一般CeO2颗粒负载的Pd-Cu催化剂,其CO完全氧化的最低温度比Pd-Cu,热分解法CeO2催化剂低约70℃,比Pd-Cu,工业CeO：催化剂低约130℃。因此,纳米CeO2粉体作载体可极大地提高Pd-Cu催化剂的CO氧化性能。     

甲醇电化学催化氧化机理研究进展

甲醇催化氧化机理的研究对催化剂的开发具有重要的意义。本文概述了甲醇在铂表面催化氧化的反应机理;催化剂的中毒情况以及抗CO催化剂的研究进展,重点阐述了催化剂的结构和表面组成以及电极电势对催化活性的影响。目前的催化剂是不令人满意的．基础研究将有助于避免用纯经验的方法来寻求更为理想的催化剂。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。