CO在纳米CeO2负载的Pd-Cu催化剂上的低温催化氧化

用溶胶一凝胶法制得了平均晶粒度为15nm的CeO2粉体,并用浸渍法制备了Pd-Cu/纳米CeO2催化剂;通过XRD、SEM和HRTEM等表征手段研究了纳米CeO：粉体和Pd-Cu/纳米CeO2催化剂的性能;考察了催化剂对CO的低温催化氧化活性。结果表明：纳米CeO2粉体负载的Pd-Cu催化剂对CO的低温催化氧化活性明显优于一般CeO2颗粒负载的Pd-Cu催化剂,其CO完全氧化的最低温度比Pd-Cu,热分解法CeO2催化剂低约70℃,比Pd-Cu,工业CeO：催化剂低约130℃。因此,纳米CeO2粉体作载体可极大地提高Pd-Cu催化剂的CO氧化性能。     

Ni掺杂对纳米结构牡丹花状CeO2材料催化特性的影响（英文）

制备了一种新型Ni掺杂多层纳米结构牡丹花状CeO2材料,研究了其催化性能,同时与Ni负载牡丹花状CeO2样品进行了比较.结果表明,Ni掺杂CeO2样品具有纳米晶粒和开放的介孔结构,特殊的形貌使其在CO氧化和甲烷部分氧化反应中具有独特的催化特性.Ni掺杂后,CeO2中产生了多余氧空位,同时其氧化还原活性也增强,其在CO氧化反应中的催化活性明显高于纯CeO2和Ni负载CeO2样品;在甲烷部分氧化反应中,牡丹花状CeO2负载3atm%Ni催化剂样品上甲烷转化率高于所有Ni掺杂的催化剂样品.但是在Ni负载型催化剂和花状CeO2催化剂上,甲烷的起始转化温度为400oC,而5.7atm%Ni的掺杂使其降至340oC.     

制备方法对CuO-CeO2/ZrO2催化CO氧化性能的影响

以ZrO2为载体、采用不同的浸渍次序制备了3种CuO-CeO2/ZrO2催化剂并在不同的温度(500,650和800℃)下进行焙烧,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR和CO-TPR)及CO程序升温脱附(CO-TPD)技术对所制备的催化剂进行了表征,并采用色谱流动法考察了其催化CO低温氧化反应性能。结果表明,当焙烧温度为650℃时,3种催化剂的CO催化氧化活性均最佳,且三者的催化活性大小顺序为:CuO/CeO2/ZrO2>CuO-CeO2/ZrO2>CeO2/CuO/ZrO2。结合催化剂的表征和活性测试结果,我们认为高分散的CuO是CO的吸附中心,有利于CO的低温氧化反应,而大颗粒的CuO几乎对CO没有吸附作用,不利于CO的低温氧化反应。在3种催化剂中,CuO/CeO2/ZrO2催化剂具有最佳的低温还原特性和最大的CO2脱附峰面积,相应地具有最佳的催化氧化活性。     

不同CuO/CeO2催化剂上CO低温氧化反应

 分别用热解硝酸铈法和浸渍法制备了不同物性的CeO2粉体和相应的CuO/CeO2催化剂,并用XRD, HRTEM和TPR等对样品进行了表征,利用微反-色谱装置考察了其催化CO低温氧化的活性. 结果表明,热解温度影响CeO2的物性(形貌、粒度大小及分布等). 相同条件下,不同物性的CeO2载体上CuO的负载情况不同, 500 ℃热解获得的CeO2载体上非晶态CuO负载量最高,相应的CuO/CeO2催化剂活性也较高. 非晶态CuO一部分进入CeO2晶格,另一部分高度分散于CeO2表面上. 焙烧温度较低时(≤ 600 ℃), 催化剂活性受焙烧温度的影响较小,而高温(800 ℃)焙烧后,催化剂则因载体粒度增大和CuO烧结团聚等因素导致催化活性明显降低.     

载体对负载型金催化剂上甲醛催化氧化的影响

采用沉积.沉淀法和氨水络合法制备了Al2O3,TiO2,CeO2和SiO2负载的纳米金催化剂,利用元素分析、x射线衍射、氮气物理吸附、程序升温还原、透射电镜和拉曼光谱等技术对催化剂进行了表征,并考察了其低温催化甲醛氧化活性.结果表明,Au/CeO2的催化性能最佳,在40℃时甲醛转化率仍能保持在80%以上.催化剂的活性同时受Au的化学状态和载体性质的影响.Au/CeO2催化剂较高的低温活性可能与离子态的Au物种有关,同时AuxCe1-xO2-δ固溶体的形成产生了大量的氧缺位,提高了氧的活化能力,也有助于提高催化剂的低温活性.     

制备方法对CuO/CeO_2-ZrO_2催化CO低温氧化活性的影响

采用微波加热分解法(一步法)和微波加热处理共沉淀+浸渍法(两步法)制备了CuO/CeO2-ZrO2催化剂,并对其进行了X射线衍射、低温氮气吸附/脱附和程序升温还原等表征,采用色谱流动法考察了催化剂的催化CO低温氧化性能.结果表明,一步法比两步法更有利于使催化剂表面CuO高度分散,CuO与CeO2-ZrO2间的相互作用更强,CuO更容易被还原,从而具有更高的催化CO氧化活性.与CeO2-ZrO2有相互作用的高分散和小颗粒CuO有利于催化剂活性的提高,与CeO2-ZrO2无相互作用的大颗粒CuO对催化剂的活性有抑制作用.     

负载型钙钛矿催化氧化NO及抗SO_2性能研究

采用柠檬酸络合浸渍法制备了负载型钙钛矿氧化物La1-xCexCoO3/CeO2(x=0~0.3)催化剂,考察了不同Ce掺杂量对其催化氧化NO和抗硫性能的影响,并运用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、氮气物理吸附、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、氧气程序升温脱附(O2-TPD)等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,催化剂的活性与其比表面积大小和氧化还原性质密切相关;其中,负载型钙钛矿La0.8Ce0.2CoO3/CeO2催化剂在300℃时催化氧化NO的转化率达78%。在添加CeO2作载体后,不仅改善了非负载性钙钛矿的低温活性,而且抗硫性能也显著提高。     

CeO2纳米管负载Pd纳米颗粒催化CO低温氧化

高效负载型Pd催化剂的制备及其在CO低温氧化反应中的机理探究是近年来的研究热点.普遍认为,Pd催化剂上的CO氧化反应遵循Langmuir-Hinshelwood机理:首先,CO吸附于Pd物种表面;然后,CO与催化剂表面的晶格氧发生反应转化为CO2,反应发生在金属-载体界面.另外,高分散的Pd活性物种有利于CO氧化反应.同时载体的形貌、暴露的晶面、氧空位以及孔结构等都是影响催化剂活性的重要因素.CeO2纳米管具有独特的管状特征和较高的比表面积,是一种潜在的CO低温氧化催化剂载体.本文利用乙醇还原法,以CeO2纳米管为载体,制备不同Pd含量的Pd/CeO2-nanotube纳米催化剂,并利用N2吸附脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、CO程序升温脱附(CO-TPD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等表征手段,探索纳米催化剂载体形貌对CO氧化反应活性的影响.氮气吸脱附结果表明,Pd/CeO2-nanotube具有较高的比表面积(58.0 m2/g),且存在介孔结构.XRD表征发现,Pd/CeO2-nanotube的衍射峰对应立方萤石型结构的CeO2的(111),(200),(220),(311)等品面.TEM结果表明,Pd/CeO2-nanotube具有均匀的纳米管形貌,其外径为40-60 nm,Pd纳米颗粒均匀分散在其表面.CO-TPD结果表明,Pd/CeO2-nanotube在1 10℃附近具有很强的脱附峰,在370℃和600℃附近分别具有较宽和较弱的脱附峰,这表明该催化剂具有较多的吸附位,且具有很强的CO吸附能力;CO不可逆吸附量计算结果表明,该催化剂上的Pd具有很高的表面分散度(23.3％),Pd颗粒尺寸为7.3 nm.XPS表征显示,Pd以pd2+的形式分散于CeO2纳米管的表面,且与载体发生相互作用,存在Pd-O-Ce键;同时该催化剂表面存在丰富的Ce3+,为反应提供更多的氧空位.0.9Pd/CeO2-nanotube纳米催化剂在CO氧化反应中表现出优良的活性,能在100℃实现CO的完全转化;通过计算发现,该催化剂具有较高的TOF值(0.63 s-1),由Arrhenius 曲线可得到该催化剂的活化能为26.5 kJ/mol.综上可见:金属活性组分的尺寸和分散度、载体的结构特征、CO吸附能力以及金属-载体间的相互作用决定催化剂的性能.Pd/CeO2-nanotube的高比表面积有利于Pd的分散;其强CO吸附能力有利于CO吸附于Pd物种表面;催化剂表面丰富的Ce3+能为反应提供更多的氧空位,Pd-O-Ce键的形成能增强金属-载体间的相互作用,有利于CO与催化剂表面品格氧发生反应.同时催化剂介孔结构有利于反应气体和产物气体的吸附和扩散,因此,Pd/CeO2-nanotube纳米催化剂在CO氧化反应中表现出优良的活性.     

从头开始理解形貌依赖的CuOx-CeO2相互作用

CuOx/CeO2催化剂在CO氧化反应中表现出高催化活性和显著结构敏感性.文献报道中CuOx/CeO2催化剂体系的合成条件差异较大,从而导致观察到的CuOx-CeO2相互作用存在较大争议.因此,系统研究并阐明CuOx/CeO2催化剂中CuOx-CeO2相互作用对于理解复杂的CuOx-CeO2界面催化作用具有重要的研究意义.近期发现,氧化物纳米晶的形貌可作为一种新的结构参数,在不改变氧化物催化剂组成的条件下实现其结构和性能的调控.本文以不同形貌CeO2纳米晶为载体,包括优先暴露{110}+{100}晶面的CeO2纳米棒、优先暴露{100}晶面的CeO2纳米立方体和优先暴露{111}晶面的CeO2纳米多面体,采用等体积浸渍方法合成了Cu担载量为0.025%~5%的CuOx/CeO2纳米晶催化剂,结合谱学和电镜表征方法,以及CO吸附原位红外光谱,系统研究了CuOx物种在不同形貌CeO2纳米晶上的结构演化及其催化CO氧化的构-效关系.结构表征结果表明, CuOx物种结构不仅依赖于Cu的担载量,也依赖于载体CeO2的形貌.随着Cu担载量的增加, CuOx物种优先沉积在CeO2的表面缺陷位,然后聚集和长大;同时伴随着CuOx物种从孤立Cu离子到与载体强/弱相互作用的CuOx团簇,高分散Cu O颗粒和大尺寸Cu O颗粒.孤立Cu^+离子和与载体弱相互作用CuOx团簇主要形成于CeO2纳米立方体的表面,这可能与CeO2纳米立方体暴露的氧终止CeO2{100}晶面相关.CO吸附原位红外结果表明, CuOx团簇与不同CeO2表面相互作用的强度顺序为:CeO2纳米棒暴露的{110}面>CeO2纳米多面体暴露的{111}面>CeO2纳米立方体暴露的{100}面.CeO2纳米立方体与Cu2+离子间相互作用弱于与Cu^+之间的,因此CeO2纳米立方体负载的CuOx物种在CO还原过程中容易停留在稳定的Cu^+中间物种;而CeO2纳米棒与Cu2+离子之间的相互作用强于与Cu^+之间的相互作用,因此CeO2纳米棒负载的CuOx物种在CO还原过程中容易形成金属铜.因此CO吸附原位红外光谱观察到CeO2纳米立方体负载CuOx催化剂中吸附在Cu^+的CO物种远远多于CeO2纳米棒负载CuOx催化剂.CO氧化反应结果表明, CuOx/CeO2催化剂表现出同时依赖于CuOx物种结构和CeO2形貌的结构敏感性.CuOx/CeO2催化剂活性表现出与CuOx/CeO2催化剂的CO还原性能的正相关性,说明中CuOx/CeO2催化CO氧化反应遵循Mv K反应机理.这些结果系统地关联了CeO2形貌, CuOx-CeO2相互作用, CuOx物种结构和CeO2还原性能, CuOx/CeO2催化CO氧化反应活性.     

纳米Ag,CeO2和Ag-CeO2的合成及在CO催化氧化中的应用

系统合成了不同粒径的CeO2和Ag纳米粒子及Ag-CeO2纳米复合粒子,并对其进行了结构表征和CO催化氧化性能测试.结果表明,Ag纳米粒子的催化活性较低,以其为催化剂时CO的最大催化转化率仅为40%,且粒径越小越容易失活;在CeO2纳米粒子催化下,CO的催化转化率可达到100%,但催化反应的温度较高(约350℃);与CeO2和Ag相比,Ag-CeO2的催化性能明显增强,CO在较低的温度(150℃)下可实现完全转化.程序升温还原(Temperature-programmed reduction,TPR)分析结果表明,纳米复合材料中Ag和CeO2之间的相互作用是产生优异催化性能的关键原因.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.