磁性多壁碳纳米管净化技术快速测定甘蓝中10种农药残留

采用磁性多壁碳纳米管-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术快速测定甘蓝中的10种农药残留。样品用乙腈提取,稀释后经磁性多壁碳纳米管净化,通过Waters CORTECS C_(18)+色谱柱分离,以甲醇和0.1%的甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾-正离子多反应监测模式,基质外标法定量。对磁性多壁碳纳米管的吸附时间和脱附溶剂进行考察。10种农药在相应的浓度范围内线性相关系数均大于0.99,该方法的定量限在0.3~3.0μg/kg之间。在5.0,25.0和50.0μg/kg 3个浓度添加水平下,农药的回收率为80.1%~102.3%,相对标准偏差在1.9%~9.4%之间。磁性多壁碳纳米管具有较好的净化效果,适用于蔬菜中农药多残留的快速检测。     

多壁碳纳米管固相萃取技术同时测定蜂蜜中多类兽药残留

采用多壁碳纳米管固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术同时测定蜂蜜中的磺胺类、喹诺酮类、硝基咪唑类和四环素类等52种兽药残留. 样品用Na₂EDTA-Mcllvaine提取,经改性的多壁碳纳米管固相萃取小柱净化,通过Waters C₁₈色谱柱分离,以乙腈和0.1%（体积分数）的甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾-正离子多反应监测的质谱模式,以基质外标法进行定量分析. 实验结果表明,52种兽药在相应的浓度范围内线性相关系数均大于0.99,该方法的定量限为1.5 ~7.5 μg/kg. 在7.5,25和50 μg/kg 3个浓度添加水平下,各种兽药的回收率为67.3% ~117.8%,相对标准偏差为1.9% ~17.4%. 结果表明,多壁碳纳米管固相萃取材料具有较好的净化效果,适用于蜂蜜中多类兽药残留的同时检测.     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-同位素稀释串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中的甲硝唑和氯霉素

建立了同时测定蜂蜜中甲硝唑和氯霉素残留量的固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-同位素稀释串联质谱方法。蜂蜜样品中的甲硝唑和氯霉素经乙酸乙酯提取后,采用InertSep RP-1固相萃取柱对目标物进行富集和净化。经超高效液相色谱分离后,在三重四极杆质谱的多反应监测模式(MRM)下,甲硝唑通过正离子模式(ESI+)采集,氯霉素通过负离子模式(ESI-)采集,采用同位素稀释的内标法定量。本方法在浓度1~100ng/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数R20.999。在添加水平为0.5、2.5、25μg/kg时,回收率在71.4%~123.4%之间,相对标准偏差为5.0%~12.3%。本方法采用一种前处理方式,可以同时测定蜂蜜中的甲硝唑与氯霉素残留,缩短了分析时间,提高了检测效率。     

多壁碳纳米管滤过型净化柱净化-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱法同时测定生姜中的涕灭威及其代谢物

建立了多壁碳纳米管滤过型净化柱净化-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱联用技术同时测定生姜中涕灭威及其代谢物的分析方法。生姜样品经乙腈提取后,用多壁碳纳米管滤过型净化柱进行2次反复抽提净化,净化液用氮气吹干,用乙腈-水（5：95,v/v）溶解,采用正离子多反应监测（MRM）模式进行分析,外标法定量。结果表明：涕灭威、涕灭威砜及涕灭威亚砜在0.5~200 μg/L浓度范围内呈线性,其相关系数（r²）均大于0.99;在2、20、200 μg/kg添加水平下,回收率为71.4%~89.8%,相对标准偏差范围为0.7%~13.2%;3种目标物的定量限为1.0~2.0 μg/kg。本方法操作简单,灵敏度、准确度和精密度均满足农药多残留检测技术的要求,适用于生姜中涕灭威及其代谢物残留的快速测定。     

UPLC-MS法同时测定牛奶中磺胺类、喹诺酮类、甾体激素类及四环素类兽药残留

建立并优化了同时测定牛奶中10种磺胺类、6种喹诺酮类、8种甾体激素类以及1种四环素类药物共25种兽药残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。样品中目标药物经5%乙酸乙腈提取,HLB固相萃取小柱净化后,通过UPLC-MS测定,外标法定量。25种兽药在不同加标浓度下的回收率为61.6%~119.2%,组内相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.5%~13.4%,组间RSD为5.8%~14.2%,方法检出限为0.5~2.0μg/kg。     

UiO-67分散固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中6种大环内酯类兽药残留

建立了以金属有机框架材料UiO-67作为吸附剂的分散固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定猪肉中6种大环内酯类兽药残留的方法。样品经pH 6.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液提取,加入自制金属有机框架材料UiO-67吸附目标物。经甲醇洗脱后,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱多反应监测模式（MRM）定量分析：6种大环内酯类药物在0.1～200μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99;在3个不同浓度添加水平下,回收率为74.8%～102.5%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为4.3%～9.3%,检出限为0.05～0.5μg/kg,定量限为0.2～1.5μg/kg。     

氧化修饰多壁碳纳米管固相萃取-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱法同时测定牛奶中7种雌性激素残留

建立了氧化修饰的多壁碳纳米管固相萃取净化-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱技术同时测定牛奶中雌二醇、雌三醇、己烯雌酚、己烷雌酚、己二烯雌酚、炔雌醇、雌酮7种雌性激素残留的方法。样品用乙腈提取,提取液用水稀释后再经过多壁碳纳米管固相萃取小柱净化,净化后的样品采用Waters AtlantisBEH C18色谱柱(100×2.1mm,1.7μm)分离,以乙腈和0.02%氨水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱采用负离子扫描的多反应监测(MRM)模式进行检测,内标法定量。7种雌性激素的线性范围为1~100μg/L,相关系数均大于0.99,方法检出限(S/N≥3)为0.02~0.1μg/kg。将本方法应用于实际样品分析,在低、中、高3个浓度下的加标回收率为86.7%~103.6%,相对标准偏差在1.5%~6.9%之间。结果表明表面氧化修饰的多壁碳纳米管具有较好的净化效果,该方法可快速准确地测定牛奶中雌性激素残留。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定畜禽肉中磺胺类、喹诺酮类、硝基咪唑类兽药残留

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定畜禽肉中7种磺胺类、3种喹诺酮类及4种硝基咪唑类残留的方法。样品经乙腈提取,正己烷脱脂,MCX小柱净化后,由超高效液相色谱分离、三重四极杆质谱检测,基质外标法定量。14种兽药含量在1~50.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.994,加标回收率为75.2%~103.4%,检出限为0.1~0.5μg/kg,空白加标重复测定的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.3%~12%。方法适用于畜禽肉中多种兽药残留的快速测定。     

超高效液相-串联质谱法同时测定蜂蜜中15种喹诺酮类药物残留

建立了蜂蜜样品中15种喹诺酮类兽药残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。蜂蜜样品用磷酸盐缓冲溶液溶解提取后,用Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化,超高效液相-电喷雾串联四级杆质谱检测,外标法定量。测定时用Acquity UPLC BEHC18色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)分离,体积分数0.1%甲酸溶液-乙腈系统梯度洗脱,质谱测定采用多重反应监测(MRM)模式。15种喹诺酮类兽药的检出限均低于或等于1.0 ng/mL,回收率均在78.6%～112.9%范围内,相对标准偏差均在10%范围内。该方法各项指标均能满足国内外各项法规的要求,可用于蜂蜜样品中喹诺酮类药物残留的定量和定性检测。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定水产品中残留的喹乙醇代谢物

建立了高效液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测水产品中喹乙醇代谢物3甲-基-喹恶啉-2羧-酸(MQCA)的残留分析方法。样品先用Protease蛋白酶酶解,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取目标物,氮气吹干后用流动相溶解残渣,以甲醇、乙腈和0.1%甲酸溶液作为流动相,液相色谱串联电喷雾质谱在正离子模式下测定。MQCA在1~100μg/kg范围内线性关系良好(r0.999)。在2、4、8μg/kg3个添加水平上,回收率在82.5%~87.5%,相对标准偏差为4.5%~5.1%(n=6),定量限为1μg/kg。方法已用于水产品中喹乙醇代谢物的残留分析。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡蛋中125种兽药残留

采用冷冻脂质过滤,结合分散固相萃取净化的QuEChERS方法,建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡蛋中125种兽药残留的检测方法。样品中的11类兽药（硝基咪唑类、苯并咪唑类、磺胺类、喹诺酮类、四环素类、大环内酯类、雄激素类、孕激素类、糖皮质醇类、雌激素类、氯霉素类）用70%（v/v）乙腈-水溶液（含0.1 mol/L EDTA）提取后,提取液在-20℃冷冻处理2 h,再经分散固相萃取法净化,净化液经稀释后,以超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定,外标法定量。结果显示125种兽药的线性相关系数R²≥0.99,定量限范围为2.0~60 μg/kg,回收率在60.4%~119.3%之间,相对标准偏差在0.3%~16.1%之间。该方法前处理简单、准确、成本较低,适用于鸡蛋中兽药残留的高通量快速检测分析。     

Trace analysis of tiamulin in honey by liquid chromatography-diode array-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry detection

A liquid chromatography with diode array or electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry detection (LC-DAD-ESI-MS) method for the determination of tiamulin residues in honey is presented. The procedure employs a solid-phase extraction (SPE) on polymeric cartridges for the isolation of tiamulin from honey samples diluted in aqueous solution of tartaric acid. Chromatographic separation of the tiamulin is performed, in isocratic mode, on a C18 column using methanol and ammonium carbonate 0.1% in water, in proportion (30:70, v/v). Average analyte recoveries were from 88 to 106% in replica sets of fortified honey samples. The LC-ESI-MS method detection limits differ from 0.5 microg kg(-1) for clear honeys to 1.2 microg kg(-1) for dark honeys. The developed method has been applied to the analysis of tiamulin residues in multifloral honey samples collected from veterinary treated beehives.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂产品中吡虫啉及其3种代谢物

建立了蜂蜜和蜂花粉中吡虫啉及其代谢物吡虫啉烯烃、吡虫啉脲、6-氯烟酸的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测方法.在QuEChERS方法基础上,针对目标物化学性质和样品杂质情况,对提取溶液的pH值、提取次数、净化材料等参数进行了优化.最终以5％甲酸-乙腈溶液提取两次,无水MgSO4、NaCl盐析分层,提取液经增强型脂类去除材料(EMR)净化,以LC-MS/MS进行测定,基质外标法进行定量分析.结果表明,蜂蜜和蜂花粉中吡虫啉、吡虫啉烯烃、吡虫啉脲、6-氯烟酸的平均加标回收率为86.0％～111.5％, 相对标准偏差在1.7％～9.6％之间, 检出限分别为0.20, 3.50, 0.40和14.00 μg/kg,定量限分别为0.60, 11.64, 1.20和45.00 μg/kg.本方法分析速度快、灵敏度高、重现性好,适用于蜂蜜和蜂花粉中吡虫啉及其3种代谢物的快速测定.     

Development of a rapid and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,4-dichlorobenzene and naphthalene residues in honey using HS-SPME coupled with GC-MS

A new method for the simultaneous determination of 1,4-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB), naphthalene and 1,2-dibromoethane (1,2-DBE) residues in honey has been developed. Analysis is carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in selected ion monitoring mode (SIM), after extraction and preconcentration of target analytes by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), with a 100 microm film thickness polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber. Several parameters affecting the extension of the adsorption process (i.e., addition of salt, extraction time, extraction temperature) were studied. The optimal conditions for the determination of these analytes were established. The proposed HS-SPME method showed good sensitivity, without carryover between the samples. Linearity was studied from 5 to 2500 microg kg(-1) for p-DCB, 0.5 to 500 microg kg(-1) for naphthalene and 5 to 500 microg kg(-1) honey for 1,2-DBE with correlation coefficients (r(2)) ranging from 0.9901 to 0.9999. Precision was assessed and both intra and inter-day R.S.D.s (%) were below 6.3%. The detection limits were found to be 1, 0.1 and 2 microg kg(-1) honey for p-DCB, naphthalene and 1,2-DBE, respectively. The percentage recoveries that were evaluated with the proposed HS-SPME method and the standard addition calibration technique gave values among 72.8 and 104.3% for measurements in samples spiked with one target analyte or mixtures of the three. This method has been applied for the analysis of unknown honey samples. The results showed an excellent applicability of the proposed method for the determination of the target compounds in honey samples.     

混合型离子交换液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中5种氨基糖苷类抗生素残留

建立了混合型离子交换液相色谱-串联质谱测定蜂蜜中链霉素、双氢链霉素、壮观霉素、卡那霉素和阿米卡星等5种氨基糖苷类抗生素的方法。蜂蜜样品采用磷酸盐缓冲溶液提取，分子印迹固相萃取柱富集净化，Obelisc R色谱柱分离，以0.1%（v/v）甲酸水溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱，采用电喷雾电离、正离子模式扫描，多反应监测模式检测，外标法定量。实验结果表明，链霉素和双氢链霉素在5~100 μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系，定量限为5 μg/kg；壮观霉素、卡那霉素和阿米卡星在20~500 μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系，定量限为20 μg/kg。在空白蜂蜜样品中添加1倍、2倍和5倍定量限水平的5种氨基糖苷类药物，其平均回收率为75.1%~92.3%，相对标准偏差为4.5%~10.7%。该法不添加离子对试剂，可减少对质谱仪的污染，并具有较高的灵敏度，适用于蜂蜜中5种氨基糖苷类抗生素的同时检测。     

稳定同位素内标/超高压液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水果与豆芽中10种植物生长调节剂残留

建立了水果与豆芽中10种植物生长调节剂残留的超高压液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。以酸化乙腈(1∶1 000,体积比)为提取液,样品经高速匀浆与超声辅助分散提取后,提取液采用固相萃取柱净化,甲醇-5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,电喷雾电离,正负离子扫描,多反应监测模式(MRM)检测,基质匹配同位素内标标准曲线定量。最优条件下,10种植物生长调节剂残留在0.1~50.0μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)均大于0.995,检出限为0.2μg/kg,平均回收率为52.4%~119.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于13%。该方法样品前处理简单、净化效果好,同位素内标的使用解决了基质效应及前处理过程中待测物损失造成定量结果不准确的问题,适用于大批量果蔬中多种植物生长调节剂的快速测定。     

固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定畜肉中16种镇静剂类兽药残留

建立了畜肉中16种镇静剂类兽药残留的固相萃取净化/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)的同时测定方法。样品均质后经氢氧化钠溶液水解,加入盐酸溶液提取。提取液经固相萃取柱MCX净化,洗脱液氮气吹干后用流动相溶解,经0.22μm滤膜过滤,采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)(2.1 mm×100mm,1.7μm)色谱柱分离,在电喷雾电离源(ESI)和多反应监测(MRM)正离子模式下测定,外标法定量。结果表明:采用基质匹配外标法测定,16种镇静剂类化合物在一定浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系(r~2≥0.996 8),在样品中的检出限和定量下限分别为0.01~0.05μg/kg和0.1~0.5μg/kg,在3个浓度加标水平下的平均回收率为71.6%~112%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.9%~15.8%。市售多种鲜肉制品的测定结果表明,该方法选择性好、操作简单快速、结果准确,适用于畜肉中16种镇静剂类兽药残留的同时快速测定。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱同时检测水产品中64种兽药残留

建立了同时测定水产品中64种兽药残留的超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱分析方法。样品经乙腈-水溶液(80∶20,v/v)提取,经乙腈饱和的正己烷和乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷(PSA)吸附剂净化。使用可加热电喷雾(HESI)离子源,全扫描/数据依赖二级扫描(Full MS/ddMS2)Top 1模式检测,外标法定量。结果表明,64种兽药在各自的浓度范围内线性关系良好(r2≥0.996 7),在3种水产品基质(鱼、虾、贝类)中3个不同浓度加标水平的平均回收率为56.2%~126.4%,相对标准偏差为1.3%~29.8%,方法的定量限为0.2~10μg/kg。该方法简便、准确、灵敏,适用于批量水产品中多种兽药残留的快速筛查。     

Freeze–thaw approach: A practical sample preparation strategy for residue analysis of multi‐class veterinary drugs in chicken muscle

Seven drugs from different classes, namely, fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sarafloxacin), sulfonamides (sulfadimidine, sulfamonomethoxine), and macrolides (tilmicosin, tylosin), were used as test compounds in chickens by oral administration, a simple extraction step after cryogenic freezing might allow the effective extraction of multi‐class veterinary drug residues from minced chicken muscles by mix vortexing. On basis of the optimized freeze–thaw approach, a convenient, selective, and reproducible liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed. At three spiking levels in blank chicken and medicated chicken muscles, average recoveries of the analytes were in the range of 71–106 and 63–119%, respectively. All the relative standard deviations were <20%. The limits of quantification of analytes were 0.2–5.0 ng/g. Regardless of the chicken levels, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the average contents of almost any of the analytes in medicated chickens between this method and specific methods in the literature for the determination of specific analytes. Finally, the developed method was successfully extended to the monitoring of residues of 55 common veterinary drugs in food animal muscles.