粘弹性随机分析的虚功原理及随机有限元

利用增量法处理粘弹性本构关系中的遗传积分，将粘弹性材料的随机性、结构几何形状的随机性、外载荷的随机性引入虚功方程，应用摄动方法，研究了粘弹性随机分析的虚功原理和粘弹性随机有限元。研究发现，尽管粘弹性本构关系具有时间相依性，其随机摄动格式并不存在“长期项”的影响，算例表明，应用该方法进行粘弹性结构的随机模拟，计算效率较高、精度较高。     

岩石加卸荷破坏细观机理CT实时分析

利用与CT(computerizedtomography)机配套的专用岩石三轴加载试验设备 ,采用CT实时试验的手段对连续加载试验条件下和卸围压应力作用下砂岩破坏细观机理进行了对比研究。结果表明 ,岩石的卸荷损伤演化破坏具有突发性 ,卸围压破坏导致的扩容比连续加载破坏时大.     

Banach空间中渐近非扩张非自身映射带误差Noor迭代的收敛性定理

本文主要对三个渐近非扩张非自身映射引入了一种新的投影型Noor迭代程序,并在一致凸Banach空间中给出了该Noor迭代序列的弱与强收敛性定理.我们的主要结果推广和改进了该领域许多近期的结果.     

辣根过氧化物酶在金属螯合琼脂糖/CNTs修饰电极表面的固定化及邻苯二酚检测

将辣根过氧化物酶亲和固定在金属螯合功能化的琼脂糖/碳纳米管复合物修饰电极上,构建了一种新型的安培生物传感器,并将其用于邻苯二酚分析检测.金属螯合亲和是利用Ni2＋对辣根过氧化物酶表面的组氨酸或半胱氨酸残基强烈且可逆的亲和键合能力.因此,在分子中有这样残基的酶很容易固定在含有镍螯合的功能化的琼脂糖/碳纳米管复合物上.采用线性扫描伏安法和安培法研究,酶电极对邻苯二酚在-0.05V（vs.SCE）直接还原生物催化其生成的醌类物质而间接测定.对影响生物传感器灵敏度的pH、施加电位和H2O2浓度进行了研究.研究结果表明在pH为7.0,电极电位为-0.05V（vs.SCE）,H2O2浓度为40-M时,传感器有很好的响应.利用构建的生物传感器对邻苯二酚、苯酚、对叔丁基邻苯二酚及2-氯酚进行了测试,显示出高的灵敏度,特别是对邻苯二酚,其线性范围为2.0×10-8～1.05×10-5M,检测限为5.0×10-9M.此外,生物传感器在保存60天后其响应为起始水平的90%,响应时间为3s,并能用于实际水样测定,表明构建的生物传感器有宽的线性范围、高的灵敏度、好的抗干扰能力和长期稳定性.     

Minimax principle on energy dissipation of incompressible shear flow

The energy dissipation rate is an important concept in the theory of turbulence. Doering-Constantin＇s variational principle characterizes the upper bounds （maxi- mum） of the time-averaged rate of viscous energy dissipation. In the present study, an optimization theoretical point of view was adopted to recast Doering-Constantin＇s formu- lation into a minimax principle for the energy dissipation of an incompressible shear flow. Then, the Kakutani minimax theorem in the game theory is applied to obtain a set of conditions, under which the maximization and the minimization in the minimax principle are commutative. The results explain the spectral constraint of Doering-Constantin, and confirm the equivalence between Doering-Constantin＇s variational principle and Howard- Busse＇s statistical turbulence theory.     

Crystal structures and electronic properties of solid fluorine under high pressure

As the previously proposed structures of C2/m and C2/c possess similar enthalpies and x-ray diffraction patterns, the space group of fluorine at ambient pressure is in controversy. We successfully obtain its thermodynamically stable lowpressure phase, which shares the same structure as the earlier known C2/c. Further investigations on phonon spectra reveal the instability of the C2/m structure with imaginary frequency in the Brillouin zone and confirm the dynamically stable property of the C2/c structure at the same time. Compressing fluorine up to 8 GPa, the C2/c phase is found to undergo a phase transition to a new structure with a space group of Cmca. Electronic energy band structures indicate the insulating feature of C2/c and Cmca with no bands across the Fermi level. The infrared(IR) and Raman spectra of C2/c and Cmca at selected pressures are calculated to provide useful information to future experiments.     

光热显微术:基于光吸收的单分子成像技术

光热显微术是近年来获得广泛关注和长足发展的一种新型光学显微成像技术,能够实现单个纳米粒子甚至单分子的免标记光学成像。其成像原理是利用先进的光学方法探测单分子或单纳米粒子吸收特定波长激发光后所产生的局域温度和介质折射率的微小变化,从而定量研究观测对象的光热特性。由于无辐射弛豫是激发态分子回到基态的优势过程,分子的光热特性相比于荧光特性更具有普遍意义。凭借无需标记、高灵敏度和信号稳定等优点,近十年来,关于单分子和单纳米粒子的光热显微成像研究不断取得突破,并在纳米科学和生命科学等领域获得越来越多的发展和应用,展现出了蓬勃的生命力和良好的发展前景。本文重点综述了光热显微技术的成像原理、发展历程、技术特色以及系统优化方法,列举了光热成像在活细胞研究和生物学领域的应用,最后总结了光热成像的优缺点并分析其主要面临的挑战以及未来的发展趋势,希望吸引更多的研究人员加入到这一新技术的研究队伍中来。     

铁酸铋可见光催化过一硫酸盐去除金橙Ⅱ

采用共沉淀法制备新型可见光催化剂铁酸铋,采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、FTIR对其进行表征,并研究铁酸铋激活过一硫酸盐(PMS)去除金橙Ⅱ的影响因素与金橙Ⅱ的降解规律。实验结果表明:初始pH值越低,金橙Ⅱ降解速率越高;随PMS浓度的增加,金橙Ⅱ去除率先增大后降低;随着铁酸铋用量增加,金橙Ⅱ去除率增大,当铁酸铋用量超过0.2g时,去除率趋于恒定;金橙Ⅱ初始浓度增加,去除率降低,但随时间增加,最终去除效果仍趋于一致;当金橙Ⅱ浓度为10 mg·L~(-1),PMS浓度为0.3 mmol·L~(-1),铁酸铋用量为0.2 g,反应时间为70 min时,金橙Ⅱ去除率可达到99.58%;金橙Ⅱ稳定降解时,符合拟一级动力学方程。     

基于当地笛卡尔架构的无网格方法

提出了一种新的无网格方法,该方法是自动地在每一样点建立一个局部笛卡尔架构并选取相应的邻近点,然后运用全导数公式构造该样点的所有导数,它不需要任何网格单元,所以是彻底的无网格方法．数值算例表明,该方法具有很高的精度．     

Aerodynamic design method of cascade profiles based on load and blade thickness distribution

A cascade profile design method was proposed using the aerodynamic load and blade thickness distribution as the design constraints, which were correspondent to the demands from the aerodynamic characteristics and the blade strength. These constraints,together with all the other boundary conditions , were involved in the stationary conditions ofa variational principle , in which the angle-function was employed as the unknown function.The angle-function ( i. e. , the circumferential angular coordinate) was defined in the image plane composed of the stream function coordinate ( circumferential direction ) and streamline coordinate. The solution domain, i.e., the blade-to-blade passage, was transformed into a square in the image plane, while the blade contour was projected to a straight line ; thus, the difficulty of the unknown blade geometry was avoided. The finite element method was employed to establish the calculation code. Applications show that this method can satisfy the design requests on the blade