液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血清中15种胆汁酸

建立了血清中15种胆汁酸的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定方法。血清样品经乙腈沉淀蛋白后,用Capcell Pak C18MG柱分离,以乙腈-醋酸铵缓冲液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速0.25 mL/min,进样10μL,采用多反应监测(MRM)定量分析。在定量范围内,15种胆汁酸的线性关系良好,批内、批间的RSD分别为2.3%~12.7%和1.1%~14.3%,回收率在75%~101%之间。应用本法测定了10名健康儿童血清中的胆汁酸含量。该方法的样品处理简单快速,检测准确灵敏,可满足临床血样中胆汁酸含量测定的要求。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法与气相色谱-串联质谱法测定茶叶中苦参碱残留量

建立了茶叶中苦参碱残留检测的两种前处理方法,比较了液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)与气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)检测茶叶中苦参碱残留量分析方法的适用性。结果表明,在添加标准样品10~100μg/kg 3个水平时,两种前处理方法的回收率和精密度无显著差别;GC-MS/MS和LC-MS/MS回收率分别为81%~85%、82%~86%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为4.6%~11.5%和2.9%~4.2%。结果表明两种样品前处理方法以及LC-MS/MS与GC-MS/MS检测均能满足茶叶中苦参碱残留量的测定,但采用前处理方法二,LC-MS/MS检测茶叶中苦参碱残留更具优势。     

GC/MS和ESI/MS/MS同位素内标法检测甲基丙二酸血症

以甲基丙二酸血症为对象,分别用GC/MS和ESI/MS/MS方法对该疾病进行了定性和定量检测.通过对样品前处理和分离条件的改善,对疾病的标识化合物之一甲基丙二酸进行了定量测定,其稳定性、精密度和回收率结果很好.同时比较了GC/MS和ESI/MS/MS两种方法的特点,发现两种方法的结合不仅可满足新生儿代谢疾病筛查的要求,同时还可对高危人群进行诊断.     

高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法及高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定植物源性蛋白中残留的三聚氰胺

建立了高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-DAD)及HPLC-电喷雾串联质谱(ESI-MS/MS)测定植物源性蛋白中残留的三聚氰胺的方法。利用HPLC-DAD进行样品中三聚氰胺的初筛,利用HPLC-MS/MS进行确证。采用三氯乙酸溶液沉淀样品中的蛋白,同时提取目标分析物,质谱检测时样品再经强阳离子固相萃取柱富集净化。HPLC-DAD的检测低限为10 mg/kg,HPLC-MS/MS的检测低限为0.5 mg/kg;HPLC-DA的添加回收率为76%～88%,HPLC-MS/MS的添加回收率为72%～82%(基质匹配曲线校正),两种方法的添加回收率的相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.4%～6.4%。     

QuEChERS-分散固相萃取-液质联用法快速测定地龙中黄曲霉毒素

黄曲霉毒素是影响动物源性中药材质量安全的主要风险因子之一,建立了QuEChERS-分散固相萃取- 液质联用法(QuEChERS-dSPE-UPLC-MS/MS)快速测定地龙中黄曲霉毒素的方法. 样品采用QuEChERS方法提取,然后采用增强型脂质去除-分散固相萃取(EMR Lipid-dSPE) 进行净化,多反应监测采集模式进行定性和定量检测,外标法定量,4种黄曲霉毒素测定的线性范围在0.00 ~1.60 ng/mL之间,相关系数在0.990 0~0.994 1之间,检出限在0.013~0.365 ng/g之间,定量限在0.044~0.913 ng/g之间,3个添加水平的回收率在72.0% ~113.0%之间,精密度在2.5%~3.3%之间. 测定10批样品,未检出黄曲霉毒素. 方法基质去除效果良好,具有前处理操作简单、结果准确和灵敏度高等优点,适用于中药材地龙中黄曲霉毒素快速筛查.     

保健酒中酞酸酯污染物的气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定

建立了气相色谱—三重四极杆质谱(GC-MS/MS)联用法检测保健酒中的16种酞酸酯的方法.对保健酒中酞酸酯的前处理方法进行了考察和优化,确立了提取方式为沸水浴加热去除乙醇、提取溶剂为正己烷.采用时间选择反应扫描模式(T-SRM)定量.色谱柱为TG-5MS石英毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm),程序升温(初始柱温为60℃,保持1 min,以20℃/min升至220℃,保持1 min;以5℃/min升至280℃,保持4 min),不分流.结果表明16种酞酸酯在相应范围内线性关性良好(R~2均高于0.995),平均回收率在84.0%~112.8%,RSD均低于7%(n=6).采用方法对6批保健酒中酞酸酯进行测定,结果表明方法具有灵敏、简单快速、结果准确可靠等优点,GC-MS/MS联用法可满足保健酒中酞酸酯的定性分析和含量测定.     

气相色谱-质谱联用测定紫花苜蓿中的硒蛋氨酸

建立了气相色谱质谱联用(GC—MS)测定紫花苜蓿中硒蛋氨酸含量的方法。将紫花苜蓿中提取的叶蛋白样品在6 mol/L HCl溶液中,超声处理20 min。离心分离后,以丁醇及三氟乙酸酐为衍生化试剂对硒蛋氨酸进行衍生化,采用选择离子监测模式对衍生物进行GC—MS测定。硒蛋氨酸的回收率为97.6%~105.2%,相对标准偏差为1.7%~3.6%,检出限为0.3 mg/L。该法样品前处理简单,测定快速,结果准确,灵敏度高,可用于植物样品中硒蛋氨酸含量的测定。     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用法测定人体血液中脂肪酸含量

建立了一种用液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC- MS)快速、准确地对人体血液中游离脂肪酸进行分离和定量的方法.该法使用Dole提取法,提取的样品直接进行分析,无需衍生化处理.该方法以氘代十六烷酸为内标物,采用液相色谱-质谱联用法测定了人血清中游离脂肪酸的含量,各脂肪酸线性方程的相关系数均大于0.99,方法的回收率为90.0...     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定坚果中38种农药残留

建立了检测4种坚果(花生、杏仁、腰果、核桃)中38种农药残留的QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)方法.样品均质后,用乙腈进行提取,经PSA和C18净化后,采用Oasis PRiME HLB固相萃取柱进一步净化, UPLC-MS/MS分析.对样品前处理和色谱方法进行了优化.在多重反应监测(MRM)模式下进行质谱分析,外标法定量.38种农药的检出限范围(S/N=3)为0.01~10 μg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)为0.05~20 μg/kg,线性关系良好(r>0.991).4种坚果中农药的平均加标回收率为51.0%~126.0%,相对标准偏差均小于20%.此方法灵敏、准确、有效,可用于坚果类食品中多种农药残留的同时测定.     

液-液萃取/气相色谱-串联质谱测定纸制食品接触材料中9种挥发性全氟化合物前体物的迁移量

采用气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)技术建立了纸制食品接触材料中全氟脂肪醇、全氟丙烯酸酯和全氟磺酰胺等9种挥发性全氟化合物前体物的测定方法。样品采用欧盟(EU) 2017/752中食品模拟物3%乙酸、10%乙醇、50%乙醇和橄榄油浸泡,水基模拟物用二氯甲烷萃取,橄榄油浸泡液用乙腈萃取,DB-5MS(30 m×0. 25 mm×0. 25μm)色谱柱分离后,采用多反应监测(MRM)模式进行检测。9种化合物在5~500μg/L质量浓度范围内与峰面积呈线性关系。在3%乙酸、10%乙醇、50%乙醇及橄榄油食品模拟物中的方法定量下限分别为3. 3~4. 4、3. 5~4. 2、3. 3~4. 9μg/L和4. 2~5. 1 ng/g。样品加标回收率为85. 0%~115%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)≤7. 8%。该法快速可靠、准确简便,适用于纸制食品接触材料中全氟化合物前体物的分析检测。     

Determination of theophylline in serum by high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical-ionization (APCI HPLC/MS)

 A method for the determination of theophylline (TH), without derivatization, in serum by isotope dilution mass spectrometry using labelled [1, 3-¹⁵N₂-2-¹³C]theophylline (LTH) as internal standard is described. After deproteinization, the analyte is directly injected into a high performance liquid chromatography – mass spectrometer operating with atmospheric-pressure chemical-ionization (APCI HPLC/MS). The concentrations of TH in sera measured by APCI HPLC/MS are compared with results from gas chromatography – isotope dilution mass spectrometry (GC-ID/MS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA). The accuracy, precision and recovery of the APCI HPLC/MS and GC-ID/MS methods are discussed. The coefficient of variation (CV) determined from duplicate samples was less than 2%. The detection limit was 10 ng/ml at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1. Received: 17 January 1996/Revised: 26 March 1996/Accepted: 5 April 1996     

Simultaneous determination of blood glucose and isoleucine levels in rats after chronic alcohol exposure by microwave-assisted derivatization and isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Blood glucose and isoleucine are two biomarkers of chronic alcohol exposure. Simultaneous determination of blood glucose and isoleucine levels helps to illuminate the influence of alcohol on the metabolism of glucose and amino acids. The most accurate method for the detection of serum glucose is isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (ID GC/MS). In this study, a rapid, simple and sensitive technique was developed for the quantitative analysis of glucose and isoleucine in rats after chronic alcohol exposure by microwave-assisted derivatization (MAD) and ID GC/MS. Serum glucose and isoleucine were rapidly derivatized by N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) with microwave irradiation, and the trimethylsilyl derivatives were analyzed by GC/MS. This technique was used to demonstrate that pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a non-covalently bound prosthetic group in some quinoproteins involved in the metabolism of some sugar or alcohol, could reverse alcohol exposure induced glucose elevation. On the other hand, it did not affect the metabolism of isoleucine whose level was elevated along with serum glucose. The combination of MAD and ID GC/MS has been shown to be an accurate, rapid, simple and sensitive method for the quantification of glucose and isoleucine in serum samples.     

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with isotope dilution time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the measurement of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls in foodstuffs. Comparison with other methods

A comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC x GC-TOF-MS) experimental setup was tested for the measurement of seven 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), ten 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), four non-ortho-polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), eight mono-ortho-PCBs, and six indicator PCBs (Aroclor 1260) in foodstuff samples. A 40m RTX-500 (0.18mm I.D., 0.10 microm df) was used as the first dimension (1D) and a 1.5 m BPX-50 (0.10mm I.D., 0.10 microm df) as the second dimension (2D). The GC x GC chromatographic separation was completed in 45 min. Quantification was performed using 13C-label isotope dilution (ID). Isotope ratios of the selected quantification ions were checked against theoretical values prior to peak assignment and quantification. The dynamic working range spanned three orders of magnitude. The lowest detectable amount of 2,3,7,8-TCDD was 0.2 pg. Fish, pork, and milk samples were considered. On a congener basis, the GC x GC-ID-TOF-MS method was compared to the reference GC-ID high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) method and to the alternative GC-ID tandem-in-time quadrupole ion storage mass spectrometry (QIST-MS/MS). PCB levels ranged from low picogram (pg) to low nanogram (ng) per gram of sample and data compared very well between the different methods. For all matrices, PCDD/Fs were at a low pg level (0.05-3 pg) on a fresh weight basis. Although congener profiles were accurately described, RSDs of GC x GC-ID-TOF-MS and GC-QIST-MS/MS were much higher than for GC-ID-HRMS, especially for low level pork and milk. On a toxic equivalent (TEQ) basis, all methods, including the dioxin-responsive chemically activated luciferase gene expression (DR-CALUX) assay, produced similar responses. A cost comparison is also presented.     

The application of ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry to the detection and quantitation of apolipoproteins in human serum

The detection and quantitation of apolipoproteins, important markers for coronary heart disease, in serum by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) is reported. A tryptic digest of depleted human serum was analysed by nanoflow LC/MS/MS at a flow rate of 300 nL/min and several apolipoproteins (Apo), including Apo A1, A2, A4, C1, C2, C3, D, F and M, were successfully identified. The analysis of the same depleted serum digest by ultra-performance (UP)LC/MS/MS operating at 700 microL/min resulted in comparable sensitivity and selectivity to the nanoflow method, but with a dramatic ( approximately 20-fold) reduction in run time. The potential of UPLC/MS/MS for the rapid quantitation of proteins in biological matrices by representative tryptic peptides was further investigated using Apo A1 and its corresponding stable isotopically labelled tryptic AQUA peptide (DYVSQFEGSALGK). A set of serum-based Apo A1 calibrators from a clinical analyser kit were digested without depletion following the addition of the AQUA peptide and analysed using UPLC/MS/MS. A linear calibration curve was generated from peak area ratios to the labelled peptide with a coefficient of correlation of 0.9989. Standard curves were also generated for other apolipoproteins together with Apo B100, Apo E, lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase and albumin, which were also detected in the standards. The concentration of Apo A1 in five fresh undepleted human serum samples and a quality control (QC) sample were determined using both the UPLC/MS/MS method and a clinical analyser. Results were comparable and the quantitative study, involving 80 injections which took hours rather than days to complete, demonstrates the high-throughput potential of UPLC/MS/MS to quantify multiple serum proteins without the need for antibodies, and thus provide an alternative to the use of clinical analysers for serum protein biomarkers.     

Investigation of non-enzymatic glycosylation of human serum albumin using ion trap-time of flight mass spectrometry

Non-enzymatic glycosylation or glycation involves covalent attachment of reducing sugar residues to proteins without enzyme participation. Glycation of glucose to human serum albumin in vivo is related to diabetes and many other diseases. We present an approach using liquid chromatography coupled to an electrospray ionization source of a hybrid ion trap-time of flight (IT-TOF-MS/MS) tandem mass spectrometer to identify the glycation sites on serum albumin from both a healthy person and a diabetic patient. The MetID software, which is commonly used for screening metabolites, is adapted for peptide fingerprinting based on both m/z values and isotopic distribution profiles. A total of 21 glycation sites from the healthy person and 16 glycation sites from the diabetic patient were identified successfully. We also demonstrate the use of matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry to estimate the incorporation ratio of glucose to albumin during glycation. Results from this study show that the glycation in healthy person is more complicated than previously thought. Further analysis of incorporation ratio distribution may be necessary to accurately reflect the change of serum albumin glycation in diabetic patients.     

Determination of blood glucose parameter from human blood serum by using a quartz crystal microbalance sensor coated with phthalocyanines compounds

Determining the blood glucose level is important for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus. We developed a sensor system using Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) to determine the blood glucose level from human blood serum. This study consists of two experimental stages: artificial glucose/pure water solution tests and human blood serum tests. In the first stage of the study, the QCM sensor with the highest performance was identified using artificial glucose solution concentrations. In the second stage of the study, human blood serum measurements were performed using QCM to determine blood glucose levels. QCM sensors were coated with phthalocyanines (Pcs) by jet spray method. The blood glucose values of 96 volunteers, which ranged from 71 mg/dL to 329 mg/dL, were recorded. As a result of the study, human glucose values were determined with an average error of 3.25%.     

Simultaneous LC–MS/MS analysis of eicosanoids and related metabolites in human serum,sputum and BALF

The differences among individual eicosanoids in eliciting different physiological and pathological responses are largely unknown because of the lack of valid and simple analytical methods for the quantification of individual eicosanoids and their metabolites in serum, sputum and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Therefore, a simple and sensitive LC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of 34 eicosanoids in human serum, sputum and BALF was developed and validated. This method is valid and sensitive with a limit of quantification ranging from 0.2 to 3 ng/mL for the various analytes, and has a large dynamic range (500 ng/mL) and a short run time (25 min). The intra‐ and inter‐day accuracy and precision values met the acceptance criteria according to US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Using this method, detailed eicosanoid profiles were quantified in serum, sputum and BALF from a pilot human study. In summary, a reliable and simple LC–MS/MS method to quantify major eicosanoids and their metabolites was developed and applied to quantify eicosanoids in human various fluids, demonstrating its suitability to assess eicosanoid biomarkers in human clinical trials.     

疏水型色谱饼对人血清蛋白质组学样品的快速分离与制备

建立了疏水型色谱饼(10 mm×20 mm i.d.)与反相色谱(RPLC)离线二维色谱快速分离制备人血清蛋白质组学样品,并用基体辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)进行检测的方法。以4种标准蛋白质的稀溶液为模型进行分离富集,得到细胞色素c(Cyt-c)与肌红蛋白(Myo)的检出限均为1 pmol/μL,溶菌酶(Lys)和胰岛素（Ins）的检出限为0.1 pmol/μL。将此方法用于人血清蛋白质组学样品的分离与制备,随着血清处理量的增大,质谱可检出的组分数目与信号强度均增加,当血清处理量达到1.0 mL时,可检出低丰度蛋白质或多肽285个(相对分子质量均在15000以下)。研究中将1 μg Cyt-c加入到0.5 mL血清中,用上述方法在分离富集低丰度Cyt-c上取得了很好的效果。结果表明,采用疏水型色谱饼与反相色谱联用技术不仅可对血清样品中低丰度蛋白质进行有效的分离和富集,而且一次样品的处理量大,可显著提高低丰度蛋白质的分析、检测水平。     

Quantum dots assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric detection of carbohydrates: qualitative and quantitative analysis

A quantum dots (QDs) assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric (QDA‐LDI‐MS) strategy was proposed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of a series of carbohydrates. The adsorption of carbohydrates on the modified surface of different QDs as the matrices depended mainly on the formation of hydrogen bonding, which led to higher MS intensity than those with conventional organic matrix. The effects of QDs concentration and sample preparation method were explored for improving the selective ionization process and the detection sensitivity. The proposed approach offered a new dimension to the application of QDs as matrices for MALDI‐MS research of carbohydrates. It could be used for quantitative measurement of glucose concentration in human serum with good performance. The QDs served as a matrix showed the advantages of low background, higher sensitivity, convenient sample preparation and excellent stability under vacuum. The QDs assisted LDI‐MS approach has promising application to the analysis of carbohydrates in complex biological samples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

液相色谱同位素稀释串联质谱法测定人血清中17β-雌二醇含量

研究建立了以人血清中E2-16,16,17-d3为内标测定17β-雌二醇的液相色谱/串联质谱(ID-LC/MS/MS)方法。血清样品经固相萃取装置(SPE)提取雌二醇,乙酸乙酯萃取净化,吹干复溶后用10-乙基吖啶酮-2-磺酰氯(EASC)进行衍生。以Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18色谱分离柱,乙腈、水梯度洗脱,使用电喷雾三重四极杆串联质谱的多重反应监测模式测定,以校准曲线法进行定量。所建立的液相色谱同位素稀释串联质谱法(ID-LC/MS/MS)对于分析血清17β-雌二醇的批内、批间RSD分别为0.29%～0.73%和0.18%～0.28%,回收率为99.6%～100.2%,采用IFCC RELA比对(JCTLM比对)样品进行了方法比较,测定结果与其他实验室相比偏差在0.8%范围内。方法可作为人血清中17β-雌二醇含量测量参考方法。