Fe－Mn催化剂对F－T合成反应的催化性能Ⅱ．中后期反应性能

 采用固定床积分反应器，详细考察了F－T合成反应用Fe－Mn催化剂运行900和1800h后的中后期反应性能．结果表明，该催化剂仍维持着较高的催化活性及稳定性；与初期反应性能相比，运行900h后CH4选择性有明显升高的趋势，运行1800h后CH4选择性进一步升高．运行2200h后，通过降低原料气的H2／CO比和提高反应压力，可明显改善烃产物的选择性．在n（H2）／n（CO）＝0．62，GHSV＝2300h－1，p＝3．02MPa和θ＝283℃的条件下，CO转化率可达75．6％，总有效烃（C＝2～4＋C＋5）的选择性可达89．0％，CH4选择性为5．7％．这表明该催化剂具有良好的可操作性，且特别适合于由煤制合成气制液体燃料和C2～4低碳烯烃，在浆态床反应器中有潜在的应用前景．     

Fe－Mn催化剂对F－T合成反应的催化性能Ⅰ．初期反应性能

 在固定床积分反应器中，对Fe－Mn催化剂上F－T合成反应的初期反应性能进行了一系列条件实验，考察了在不同温度、压力、原料气H2／CO比和空速下催化剂的催化性能．结果表明，该催化剂运行200h后，仍显示出较高的催化活性和稳定性，对低碳烯烃和C5＋烃具有较高的选择性，且C5＋烃的时空收率较高．在n（H2）／n（CO）＝1，GHSV＝6000h－1，p＝2．02MPa和θ＝300℃的条件下，CO转化率可达74．1％，总有效烃（C＝2～4＋C5＋）的选择性可达88．6％，甲烷选择性为6．7％，C5＋烃的时空收率为0．54g／（ml·h）．     

合成气制低碳烯烃用Fe／AC催化剂的制备及性能表征

 研究了以活性炭（AC）作为载体制备的铁基催化剂，通过对不同铁盐、活性炭和助剂的筛选，研制出对合成气转化为低碳烯烃具有高活性和高选择性的催化剂．对反应前及反应过程中催化剂体相结构的XRD测试结果表明，Fe－Cu－K／AC催化剂在反应前主要由α－Fe，Fe3O4和Cu0组成，经合成气反应后主要由α－Fe，Fe5C2，Fe7C3，Cu0和K2O组成．Fe－Mn－K／AC催化剂的晶体结构主要以Fe嵌入MnO中形成的（Fe，Mn）O结构存在．实验中得出的α－Fe，FexCy及（Fe，Mn）O与激光热解法制备的催化剂的的晶体结构相似．对催化剂的制备方法进行了筛选，考察了不同助剂Cu，Mn，Si和K等元素对催化剂性能的影响．结果表明，以草酸铁为铁源，椰壳炭为载体制备的Fe－Mn－K／AC催化剂的催化效果最佳，在空速600h－1，压力1．5MPa和温度320℃条件下，CO转化率可达97．4％，C＝2～C＝4选择性可达68．0％．     

La2NiO4／Al2O3催化剂上CH4／CO2的重整

 通过溶胶－凝胶方法制备了尖晶石结构的La2NiO4／Al2O3催化剂，采用BET，XRD和TG表征了催化剂的孔分布、比表面积、体相组成以及凝胶样品的热失重和热分解过程．将催化剂应用于CH4／CO2重整反应制合成气，考察了惰性气体和反应温度对转化率、选择性以及积碳的影响．结果表明，在高空速（GHSV＝4．8×104ml／（g·h））下，CH4和CO2转化率分别为51％和60％，CO和H2的选择性约为98％和92％，惰性气体He的引入明显地提高了CH4和CO2的转化率．     

中孔分子筛HMS负载钴催化剂在费-托合成中的应用:载体HMS的孔径对钴基催化剂性能的影响

 用不同链长度的十二胺，十四胺，十六胺和十八胺等伯胺为模板\r\n剂合成了具有不同孔径大小的HMS中孔分子筛．XRD和低温氮吸附测定表\r\n明，HMS具有典型的中孔分子筛特征，且其孔径大小随HMS合成中所用模\r\n板剂链长度的增加而增加．以HMS为载体，采用孔体积浸渍法制备了负\r\n载量为7．5％的钴催化剂，在接近工业试验条件下（n（H2）／n（CO）\r\n＝2．1，GHSV＝500h－1，p＝2．0MPa，θ＝227℃）考察了载体孔径大\r\n小对费－托合成反应性能的影响．结果表明，与常规的SiO2载体相比，\r\nHMS负载钴催化剂具有更高的催化活性和C5＋选择性；而且，CO转化率\r\n，C5＋选择性及产物中的蜡油比均随着HMS载体孔径的增大而升高．以\r\n7．5％Co／HMS－18为催化剂，CO转化率为78．0％，C5＋选择性为80．\r\n8％，蜡油比为11．1．     

乙烯直接氧化制乙酸的研究Ⅱ．助剂对Pd－Se／H4SiW12O40／SiO2催化性能的影响

 研究了不同助剂促进的负载型Pd－Se／H4SiW12O40／SiO2催化剂对乙烯直接氧化制乙酸反应的影响．采用固定床微反装置评价了催化剂的性能，并采用C2H4和O2吸附量测定、吸附C2H4的TPD－MS和TPSR－MS等技术对催化剂进行了表征．结果表明，以SiO2为载体，以硅钨酸为助剂，Pd－Se－Na－Ru组成的催化剂体系其催化性能比文献报道的结果明显提高．在原料气配比n（C2H4）∶n（N2）∶n（O2）∶n（H2O）＝55∶14∶9∶22，反应物空速GHSV＝3844h－1，反应压力p＝1．4MPa，反应温度θ＝155℃条件下，乙烯的转化率和乙酸的选择性分别为8．0％和87．4％，乙酸的单程时空产率达372．0g／（L·h）．吸附量测定表明，吸附在催化剂表面上的C2H4／O2比值高对于提高乙酸的选择性是有利的．     

硒催化下CO/H2O还原硝基苯制苯胺

 采用硒作催化剂，不使用任何助催化剂，用CO／H2O对硝基苯进行还原得到了苯胺．考察了反应时间、CO压力、反应温度、水量、硒粉用量和溶剂等因素对反应的影响．以四氢呋喃作溶剂，在n（H2O）／n（PhNO2）＝10，n（Se）／n（PhNO2）＝0．02，p（CO）＝4MPa，θ＝160℃，t＝3h时，硝基苯转化率可达到98．2％，生成苯胺的选择性为100％．     

Mo／La－Co－O催化剂上甲烷选择氧化制甲醇反应

 制备了一系列Mo／La－Co－O催化剂，考察了催化剂对甲烷选择氧化制甲醇反应的催化性能，并用BET，XRD，LRS，H2－TPR和XPS等技术研究了催化剂的结构和性质．结果表明，在n（CH4）∶n（O2）∶n（N2）＝10∶1∶1，SV＝14．4L／（g·h），p＝4．2MPa和θ＝420℃的反应条件下，7％Mo／La－Co－O催化剂表现出较好的催化性能，甲醇选择性为60％，甲醇收率为6．7％．Mo负载于La－Co－O上以后，Mo－O物种以无定形的状态存在于La－Co－O表面，并与La－Co－O发生相互作用．Mo的负载量影响Mo－O物种的结构及催化剂的性质．催化剂的还原性和表面O－／O2－比影响催化剂上甲烷选择氧化制甲醇反应的性能．     

正丁烷氧化制顺酐流化床催化剂的性能

 考察了前驱体制备过程中水合肼／五氧化二钒摩尔比（以下简记\r\n为n（N2H4）／n（V2O5））对催化剂性能的影响．由较高的n（N2H4）\r\n／n（V2O5）比制得的催化剂，其（VO）2P2O7相含量较多，正丁烷转化\r\n率较高．随着n（N2H4）／n（V2O5）比的减小，δ－VOPO4相的含量逐\r\n渐增多，正丁烷转化率随之升高；而顺酐选择性开始时升高，达到最大\r\n值后逐渐降低．在n（N2H4）／n（V2O5）＝0．34时制备的催化剂最佳\r\n，在丁烷浓度为4．0％、空速为500h－1及反应温度为420℃的反应条件\r\n下，顺酐收率可达49．74％．本文中细粒床催化剂有较大的操作弹性．     

助剂CeO2对Co/Al2O3催化剂上F-T合成反应性能的影响

 在用于F－T合成的Co／Al2O3催化剂中加入少量助剂,能够提高CO转化率和C5＋烃选择性．主要考察了助剂CeO2添加量和催化剂焙烧温度等因素对F－T合成反应的影响,并通过程序升温还原、程序升温氧化及X射线衍射等手段对催化剂进行了表征．结果表明,在Co／Al2O3催化剂中加入少量CeO2（n（Ce）／n（Co）＝0．1～0．14）,能够有效提高催化剂的催化活性和C5＋烃选择性;焙烧温度则以相反的趋势控制F－T反应活性和链增长几率;助剂的加入降低了催化剂的起始还原温度,改善了催化剂的还原性能．但是,催化剂的积碳量有所增加,经10h反应后,催化剂上存在两种类型的积碳．     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.