States of Carbon Nanotube Supported Mo-Based HDS Catalysts

The dispersion of the active phase and loading capacity of the Mo species on carbon nanotube (CNT) was studied by the XRD technique. The reducibility properties of Co-Mo catalysts in the oxide state over CNTs were investigated by TPR, while the sulfided Co-Mo/CNT catalysts were characterized by means of the XRD and LRS techniques. The activity and selectivity with respect to the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) performances on carbon nanotube supported Co-Mo catalysts were evaluated. It was found that the main active molybdenum species in the oxide state MoO3/CNT catalysts were MoO2, but not MoO3, as generally expected. The maximum loading before the formation of the bulk phase was lower than 6% (percent by mass, based on MoO3). TPR studies revealed that the active species in the oxide state Co-Mo/CNT catalysts were reduced more easily at relatively lower temperatures in comparison to those of the Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3 catalysts, indicating that the CNT support promoted or favored the reduction of the active species. The active species of a Co-Mo-0.7/CNT catalyst were more easily reduced than those of the Co-Mo/CNT catalysts with Co/Mo atomic ratios of 0.2, 0.35, and 0.5, respectively, suggesting that the Co/Mo atomic ratio has a great effect on the reducibility of the active species. It was found that the incorporation of cobalt improved the dispersion of the molybdenum species on the support, and a phenomenon of mobilization and re-dispersion had occurred during the sulfurization process, resulting in low valence state Mo3S4 and Co-MoS2.17 active phases. HDS measurements showed that the Co-Mo/CNT catalysts were more active than the Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3 ones for the desulfurization of DBT, and the hydrogenolysis/hydrogenation selectivity of the Co-Mo/CNT catalysts was also much higher than those of the Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3. The Co-Mo/CNT catalyst with a Co/Mo atomic ratio of 0.7 showed the highest activity, whereas the catalyst with a Co/Mo atomic ratio of 0.35 had the highest selectivity.     

XPS Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Supported CoMo Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts

In this paper, the effect of catalytic support and sulfiding method on the chemical state of supported Co-Mo catalysts is studied by XPS. After sulfidation with in-situ method, the majority of molybdenum in CNT supported CoMo catalyst is transferred to a species with a formal chemical state Mo(Ⅳ) in MoS2 phase, and the rest to Mo(Ⅴ) which consists of Mo coordinated both to O and S, such as MoO2S2^2- and MoO3S^2-. In case of CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst sulfided with in-situ method, a fraction of molybdenum is transferred to formal state Mo(Ⅳ) in the form of MoS2, but there is still a mount of unreduced Mo(VI) phase which is difficult to be sulfided. In CoMo/CNT catalyric system sulfided with ex-situ method, Mo(IV) in the form of MoS2 is detected along with a portion of unreduced Mo(VI) phase, suggesting that not all the Mo phases are reduced and sulfided by ex-situ method. As for CoMo/γ-Al2O3, a portion of molybdenum is sulfided to intermediate reduced state Mo(V) which consists of Mo coordinated both to O and S, such as MoO2S2^2- and MoO3S^2-, in addition, there is still a fraction of unreduced Mo(Ⅵ)phase. XPS analyses results suggest that CNT support facilitates the reduction and sulfidation of active species to a large extent, and that alumina support strongly interacts with active species, hereby producing a fraction of phase which resists complete sulfiding. Catalytic measurements of catalysts in the HDS of dibenzothiophene (DBT) show that CoMo/CNT catalysts are of higher HDS activity and selectivity than CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, which is in good relation with the sulfiding behavior of the corresponding catalyst.     

Study of Carbon Nanotube Supported Co-Mo Selective Hydrodesulphurization Catalysts for Fluid Catalytic Cracking Gasoline

In this paper, carbon nanotube supported Co-Mo catalysts for selective hydrodesulphurization （HDS） of fluid catalytic cracking （FCC） gasoline were studied, using di-isobutylene, cyclohexene, 1-octene and thiophene as model compounds to simulate FCC gasoline. The results show that the Co-Mo/CNT has very high HDS activity and HDS/hydrogenation selectivity comparing with the Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3 and Co-Mo/AC catalyst systems. The saturation ratio of cyclohexene was lower than 50%, and the saturation ratio of 1,3-di-isobutylene lower than 60% for the Co-Mo/CNT catalysts. Co/Mo atomic ratio was found to be one of the most important key factors in influencing the hydrogenation selectivity and HDS activity, and the most suitable Co/Mo atomic ratio was 0.4. Co/CNT and Mo/CNT mono-metallic catalysts showed lower HDS activity and selectivity than the Co-Mo/CNT bi-metallic catalysts.     

Study of Dibenzothiophene Adsorption Over Carbon Nanotube Supported CoMo HDS Catalysts

Adsorption properties of dibenzothiophene (DBT) on a CNT (carbon nanotube) support as well as on CoMoS/CNT and CoMoO/CNT catalysts have been studied. Consecutive desorption of adsorbates was measured by TGA. The commonly used carriers AC (activated carbon), γ-Al2O3, and their supported catalysts (CoMoO/AC, CoMoS/AC, CoMoO/γ-Al2O3, CoMoS/γ-Al2O3) were also subjected to analysis for comparison. The acidic properties of the samples were characterized using the NH3-TPD technique.Correlation between the adsorption of DBT and the acidic properties of the catalysts has been established.It was found that the Co-Mo catalysts in the sulfide state adsorbed much more DBT molecules than the corresponding Co-Mo catalysts in the oxide state. The CoMoS/CNT catalyst exhibited very high HDS activity and selectivity, as compared with the CoMoS/γ-Al2O3 catalysts. Based on the BET data and the high hydrogenolysis/hydrogenation selectivity of the CoMoS/CNT, it was deduced that more than 90% of the DBT molecules adsorbed on the CoMoS/CNT with an end-on mode, and the surface of the CoMoS/CNT catalyst was almost fully covered with DBT molecules. Although the AC support had very high surface area and high loading ability, the AC supported CoMoS catalyst showed lower HDS activity,as compared with the CoMoS/γ-Al2O3 catalyst.     

负载型TiO2-Al2O3复合载体在超深度加氢脱硫中的应用

运用HRTEM、FT-Raman、TPR等方法表征了Mo活性组分在负载型TiO2-Al2O3复合载体和Al2O3上不同形态和性质。比较了TiO2-Al2O3复合载体同传统Al2O3载体对CoMo催化剂结构的影响，并以4，6-二甲基二苯并噻吩（4,6-DMDBT）为探针考察了催化剂的超深度加氢脱硫（UHDS）性能。结果表明，在负载型TiO2-Al2O3复合载体中， MoO3同载体之间的相互作用较弱，这种弱的相互作用使MoO3更多的以八面体配位Mo物种（MoⅥ）及其二维的聚合物的形式存在。二维聚合物有利于形成具有更高活性的多层MoS2结构，明显提高催化剂的超深度加氢脱硫催化活性。     

β-Mo2N0.78/γ-Al2O3催化剂的制备及其噻吩加氢脱硫活性的研究

以γ-Al2O3为载体，钼酸铵为氧化钼前驱体，采用在N2-H2气氛下的程序升温还原氮化反应，制备β-Mo2N0.78/γ-Al2O3催化剂，以噻吩为模型化合物，考察了该催化剂的加氢脱硫反应性能，以及反应温度、氢还原预处理和钴、镍助剂的引入等因素对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明，在320 ℃～400 ℃之间，随着反应温度的升高，催化剂的活性逐渐增加；预还原则降低了催化剂的活性；添加钴、镍均在一定负载量范围内可以改善β-Mo2N0.78/γ-Al2O3催化剂的加氢脱硫活性，但镍对催化剂活性的影响要小于钴。     

负载型碳氧化钼催化剂的制备及其二苯并噻吩的HDS活性

通过XRD物相分析和利用小型在线质谱仪,对负载的或体相的氧化钼利用正己烷作为碳源,进行程序升温碳化考察,对所制备的负载型催化剂进行了二苯并噻吩（DBT）加氢脱硫（HDS）活性评价。实验发现,与采用甲烷相比,采用正己烷作为碳源进行碳化可以适当降低碳化所需要的温度,但对于HDS反应来说,并不是碳化越完全催化效果越好。对30%MoO3/γ-Al2O3进行碳化时,碳化原料组成为正己烷/氢气＝0.025（摩尔比）,在620℃碳化1ｈ所得催化剂具有比较好的DBT HDS活性。讨论了制备因素对HDS活性的影响。     

Effect of Mg/Al atom ratio of support on catalytic performance of Co-Mo/MgO-Al2O3 catalyst for water gas shift reaction

Co-Mo-based catalysts supported on mixed oxide supports MgO-Al2O3 with different Mg/Al atom ratios for water gas shift reaction were studied by means of TPR, Raman, XPS and ESR. It was found that the octahedral Mo species in oxidized Co-Mo/MgO(x)-Al2O3 catalyst and the contents of Mo5+, Mo4+, S2- and S2-2 species in the functioning catalysts increased with increasing the Mg/Al atom ratio of the support under the studied experimental conditions. This is favorable for the formation of the active Co-Mo-S phase of the catalysts. Catalytic performance testing results showed that the catalysts Co-Mo/MgO-Al2O3 with the Mg/Al atom ratio of the support in the range of 0.475-0.525 exhibited optimal catalytic activity for the reaction.     

新型Ni-Mo/Al2O3加氢脱硫催化剂的研究

采用溶胶凝胶技术,制备了双结构Al2O3载体,用此改性载体制备了Ni-Mo/Al2O3催化剂,在中压固定床微反装置上考察了载体改性对催化剂上噻吩加氢脱硫(HDS)活性的影响,并用X射线粉末衍射、透射电镜、吡啶-红外光谱等分析方法对改性载体和催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,由铝溶胶改性载体制备催化剂的加氢脱硫活性均高于未改性载体制备的催化剂的催化活性。XRD和TEM结果表明氧化铝表面负载的铝溶胶经过干燥、焙烧后以纳米尺度的η-Al2O3状态存在,吡啶-红外光谱结果表明,改性氧化铝载体制备催化剂的弱B酸和弱L酸的酸量均提高,强L酸的酸量也明显增加。酸性、酸量的提高和纳米尺度η-Al2O3的存在是催化剂活性提高的主要原因。     

碳纳米管负载Co-Mo催化剂在孤岛减压渣油加氢裂化反应中的应用

采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列不同Co/Mo原子比的碳纳米管（CNT）负载Co Mo催化剂。将该系列催化剂用于孤岛减压渣油加氢裂化反应，评价其催化效果，并在相同反应条件下与 γAl2O3负载Co-Mo催化剂的催化性能进行比较。结果表明，Co-Mo/CNT催化剂的催化效果略低于Co-Mo/γAl2O3催化剂。Co/Mo原子比对Co-Mo/CNT催化剂的催化效果有较大的影响。与相同载体的催化剂相比，当Co/Mo原子比为0.50时，Co-Mo/CNT催化剂具有最佳的催化效果，而Co-Mo/γAl2O3催化剂在Co/Mo原子比为0.35时具有最佳的催化效果。     

介孔碳担载的 Co-Mo 和 Ni-Mo 加氢脱硫催化剂

 自制介孔碳 (CMC) 具有比传统活性碳 (AC) 更大的比表面积、孔径和孔体积, 以其为载体, 在浸渍液中加入螯合剂, 采用等量浸渍法制备了 Co-Mo/CMC 和 Ni-Mo/CMC 催化剂, 分别用于模型汽油和柴油加氢脱硫反应. 结果表明, Co-Mo/CMC 和 Ni-Mo/CMC 催化剂具有比 Co-Mo/AC 催化剂更好的织构性质和加氢脱硫活性. 在模型汽油的加氢脱硫反应中, Co-Mo/CMC 催化剂活性比工业催化剂 Co-Mo/Al2O3 高得多; 而在模型柴油的加氢脱硫反应中, Ni-Mo/CMC 催化剂活性也比工业催化剂 FH-98 高得多.     

碳纳米管负载氧化铝材料的制备及其吸附水中氟离子的研究

采用碳纳米管和硝酸铝制备了碳纳米管负载氧化铝新型除氟材料.X射线衍射检测发现,当焙烧温度低于850℃时,氧化铝为无定形态,当焙烧温度为1050℃时,氧化铝为α形态,扫描电子显微镜观察到碳纳米管与氧化铝均匀掺杂.同时用碳纳米管负载氧化铝复合材料进行水中氟离子的吸附研究,结果表明,该复合材料具有优良的除氟效能.氧化铝负载量为30%、焙烧温度为450℃条件下制备的碳纳米管负载氧化铝复合材料的吸附除氟能力是γ-氧化铝的2.0～3.5倍,与IRA-410聚合树脂的吸附除氟能力相当,适宜pH范围为5.0～9.0,吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程.     

费-托合成Co/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂反应性能的研究

以ZrOCl2·6H2O和AlCl3为原料，采用共沉淀方法制得一系列不同ZrO2质量分数的ZrO2-Al2O3混合氧化物载体；并以该混合氧化物为载体，采用初湿浸渍法制得钴质量分数为12％的Co/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂。XRD、NH3-TPD、TPR和原位IR等表征结果表明，随着混合载体中ZrO2质量分数的增加，载体比表面积先增加后减少，混合载体的平均孔径则小于单一氧化物ZrO2和Al2O3的平均孔径。ZrO2和Al2O3载体混合后会导致氧化物的比表面积和酸性增大并且有新的物相生成。当混合氧化物用作载体时，能够抑制载体表面金属钴的分散，改变催化剂的还原行为，降低催化剂对CO物种的吸附能力。CO加氢反应表明，与单一金属氧化物相比，钴负载ZrO2-Al2O3混合氧化物催化剂的加氢活性和重质烃选择性有所降低。     

Synthesis of Ni2P promoted trimetallic NiMoW/γ-Al2O3 catalysts for diesel oil hydrotreatment

The Ni2P promoted and γ-Al2O3 supported NiMoW sulfide catalyst consisting of 4 wt% Mo, 22 wt% W, 2 wt% Ni and 2.5 wt% Ni2P was synthesized by a co-impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that Ni2P, Ni, Mo and W species were highly dispersed over γ-Al2O3. The hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) showed that the presence of Ni2P brought a strong promotional effect on the HDS activity, which was further confirmed by the HDS and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) of diesel oil under industrial conditions. The enhancement in HDN activity and stability by Ni2P addition could be attributed more to the effect of new active sites of Ni2P than that of acidity modification. The as-prepared Ni2P-NiMoW/γ-Al2O3 catalyst showed better hydrotreating performance than NiMoW/γ-Al2O3 and commercial catalysts.     

加氢脱硫催化剂各组分的相互作用与催化性能

石油化工生产中广泛使用的加氢脱硫催化剂往往是以v－A120。作为载体,Moo或WOs为主要活性组分,少量Nio或Coo为助剂的多组分负载型催化剂．由于它在生产中所起的重要作用,此类催化剂的研究一直受到科学工作者的关注．本文分别考察了几种不同组分的催化剂,研究了催化剂组分间的相互作用对活性组分的分散状态、还原性能以及加氢脱硫活性的影响,旨在为进一步改进催化剂的性能提供有益的信息．且实验部分Ni－MO体系催化剂样品是以银酸钦和硝酸镍及v－AI。0。为原料,采用浸渍方法制备．C。M。／AJ。0。和W－Ni／AJ。0。分别用硝酸钻…     

TiO2-Al2O3作为Mo催化剂担体的研究

Tio。－AI。oa二元氧化物的制备at艺大体可分为两种．一种是利用液相浸渍或气相沉积方法将Tio。担载在AI。0。上，使Tio。主要覆盖在AI。0。表面上［‘－1另一种是通过Ti盐和AI盐混合溶液共沉淀方法使Tio。和AI。0。均匀混合在一起【‘－’1．不同的制备工艺对Tio。－AI。03的表面结构和表面性质有很大影响问．我们曾报导用TICly蒸气化学气相沉积方法制备出了D02在1川2O3表面呈现十分均匀分布的DoZ一周。03复合氧化物担体＊’1．本文进一步考察D0。在周。0。表面的沉积对川。0。孔结构的影响，以及Ti02－A1203作为加氢精制MO催…     

螯合剂对Co-Mo/Al_2O_3成型加氢脱硫催化剂性能的影响

以拟薄水铝石为原料,添加有机溶剂,经挤条成型、干煅、焙烧制备了比表面积大、孔分布宽的柱状γ-Al2O3载体;采用共浸渍法制备了系列Co-Mo/Al2O3催化剂(CoO和MoO3质量分数分别为2%和8%)。利用低温氮吸附、XRD和H2-TPR技术对催化剂进行了表征,考察了螯合剂柠檬酸(CA)、草酸(OA)和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)对成型催化剂粗苯加氢脱硫活性的影响。结果表明,添加螯合剂后,催化剂的前驱体主要沉积在载体的3~10 nm中孔内,活性组分以无定形态高度分散在载体上。添加CA可提高催化剂的还原性,显著降低Mo6+的还原温度。在300℃、3.0 MPa、液体空速(LHSV)为2 h-1和氢油体积比为600的条件下,噻吩硫的脱除率可达到99.9%以上。     

Al2O3性质对加氢脱硫催化剂Co-Mo/Al2O3活性相形成的影响

以两种商用Al2O3为载体,制备了汽油选择性加氢脱硫催化剂Co-Mo/Al2O3,并采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、透射电镜、扫描透射-能谱和X射线光电子能谱等手段系统研究了载体物化性质对催化剂活性相形成的影响.结果表明,表面羟基数量少和结晶程度高的载体与活性金属间相互作用减弱,促进了Mo物种的硫化还原,使MoS2片晶的尺寸和层数增加,且其硫化态催化剂上CoMoS活性位更多,CoMoS/MoS2比更大,因而显著提高了相应Co-Mo催化剂加氢脱硫活性和选择性.     

压力和温度对4-甲基二苯并噻吩和二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫反应的影响

研究了4-甲基二苯并噻吩(4-MDBT)和二苯并噻吩(DBT)在CoMo/γ-Al2O3上的加氢脱硫反应产物分布及其可能的反应网络,通过反应压力和温度对产物分布影响的研究,揭示了加氢脱硫反应的可能机理。研究发现4-MDBT在CoMo/γ-Al2O3上的加氢脱硫反应主要通过直接氢解路径和加氢路径进行,且两者反应速率相当；DBT在 CoMo/γ-Al2O3上的加氢脱硫反应主要通过直接氢解路径进行。4-MDBT分子位于4位的甲基阻碍其在催化剂表面通过硫原子的端连吸附,从而降低了其直接氢解脱硫路径的反应速率,因而也降低了其总的加氢脱硫转化率。反应压力降低,DBT和4-MDBT加氢脱硫反应中加氢路径反应速率明显下降,而其对氢解路径影响较小,但效果却与加氢路径相反,反应压力对4-MDBT转化率的影响大于DBT。反应温度对DBT和4-MDBT加氢脱硫反应中加氢路径和氢解路径都有明显影响,但是对DBT加氢脱硫反应中氢解路径的影响小于加氢路径,而对4-MDBT加氢脱硫反应中氢解路径的影响稍高于加氢路径,4-MDBT分子中甲基的供电子作用有利于相连苯环的加氢反应。     

WP/γ-Al2O3催化剂负载方式对噻吩加氢脱硫性能的影响

以γ-Al2O3为载体，分别采用机械混合法、共浸渍法、分步浸渍法和程序升温、高纯氢气还原无定型磷钨酸盐的方法，制备了活性组分为磷化钨，负载量为20%的WP/γ-Al2O3催化剂。考察了不同方法制备的催化剂对噻吩加氢脱硫（HDS）反应的催化活性。结果表明：不同负载方式对催化剂结构有一定影响，对噻吩加氢脱硫性能的影响在低温时较明显。采用机械混合方式，先混合后还原方法制备的催化剂其HDS活性比先还原后混合方法制备的催化剂高；采用共浸渍和分步浸渍方式，通过焙烧所形成的催化剂其HDS活性分别比不经焙烧所形成的催化剂高或接近；浸渍焙烧所形成的催化剂其HDS活性远远高于机械混合法制备的催化剂。