Co-Mo/Al2O3耐硫变换催化剂的表征研究

采用常压微反、程序升温还原（TPR）、程序升温硫化（TPS）及原位红外光谱（IR）等技术，对Co-Mo/Al2O3催化剂的表征研究发现：在Co-Mo/Al2O3催化剂中不仅存在着Co、Mo中心，而且存在由Co、Mo相互作用产生的中心， Co-Mo/Al2O3催化剂的催化性能是由Co、Mo中心和Co、Mo相互作用产生的中心共同作用的结果。     

碳纳米管负载的Co-Mo催化剂的HDS性能研究

应用X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR)技术对等体积浸渍法制备的Co—Mo／CNT催化剂进行了表征，采用高压微反装置、以二苯并噻吩为模型化合物，对催化剂进行了HDS活性评价，XRD结果表明：260℃条件下处理催化剂，催化剂的表面物种主要是MoO3，表面物种高度分散；500℃焙烧处理的催化剂的表面物种主要是MoO2，同时在Co—Mo／CNT催化体系中出现了CoMoO3和Co2Mo3O03物种的强衍射峰，高温焙烧时催化剂活性组分在碳纳米管的表面容易聚集形成MoO2等晶体，TPR结果表明：在Co-Mo／CNT催化剂中，表面物种的还原温度低于Co—Mo／γ—Al2O3中物种的还原温度，活性评价表明：催化剂的TPR特性和加氢脱硫活性有很好的对应关系，Co—Mo／CNT具有很高的加氢脱硫选择性，并且活性明显高于Co—Mo／γ—Al2O3催化剂。     

活性炭负载的Co-Mo催化剂的加氢脱硫性能 Ⅰ.活性炭载体与γ-Al2O3的对比

 用XRD,TPR和XPS技术对Co-Mo/AC(活性炭)和Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3催化剂进行了表征,并以二苯并噻吩HDS反应评价了催化剂的活性. 在不同温度下处理的催化剂,其活性组分高度分散在活性炭表面,未检测到明显的Mo和Co物种. 在Co-Mo/AC催化剂中,表面物种的还原温度低于Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3的还原温度. 在260 ℃下处理的Co-Mo/AC催化剂,其表面Mo是高价态的Mo(Ⅵ),在500 ℃下处理的Co-Mo/AC催化剂,其表面存在Mo(Ⅴ)和Mo(Ⅵ)两种价态. 硫化态CoMoS/AC催化剂中存在Mo(Ⅳ)和Mo(Ⅴ)两种低价态的Mo物种,而S主要以S2-2和S2-的形式存在于MoS2和MoO3S2-中,还有部分高价态的S6+. 在硫化态CoMoS/γ-Al2O3催化剂中,Mo主要以Mo(Ⅴ)和Mo(Ⅵ)两种状态存在,而S主要以S2-2或S2-的形式存在于MoO2S2-和MoO3S2- 中,还有部分高价态的S6+. 活性评价结果表明,n(Co)/n(Mo)=0.7的Co-Mo/AC的活性高于Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3的活性,而其他Co/Mo比的Co-Mo/AC的活性低于Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3的活性.     

States of Carbon Nanotube Supported Mo-Based HDS Catalysts

The dispersion of the active phase and loading capacity of the Mo species on carbon nanotube (CNT) was studied by the XRD technique. The reducibility properties of Co-Mo catalysts in the oxide state over CNTs were investigated by TPR, while the sulfided Co-Mo/CNT catalysts were characterized by means of the XRD and LRS techniques. The activity and selectivity with respect to the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) performances on carbon nanotube supported Co-Mo catalysts were evaluated. It was found that the main active molybdenum species in the oxide state MoO3/CNT catalysts were MoO2, but not MoO3, as generally expected. The maximum loading before the formation of the bulk phase was lower than 6% (percent by mass, based on MoO3). TPR studies revealed that the active species in the oxide state Co-Mo/CNT catalysts were reduced more easily at relatively lower temperatures in comparison to those of the Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3 catalysts, indicating that the CNT support promoted or favored the reduction of the active species. The active species of a Co-Mo-0.7/CNT catalyst were more easily reduced than those of the Co-Mo/CNT catalysts with Co/Mo atomic ratios of 0.2, 0.35, and 0.5, respectively, suggesting that the Co/Mo atomic ratio has a great effect on the reducibility of the active species. It was found that the incorporation of cobalt improved the dispersion of the molybdenum species on the support, and a phenomenon of mobilization and re-dispersion had occurred during the sulfurization process, resulting in low valence state Mo3S4 and Co-MoS2.17 active phases. HDS measurements showed that the Co-Mo/CNT catalysts were more active than the Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3 ones for the desulfurization of DBT, and the hydrogenolysis/hydrogenation selectivity of the Co-Mo/CNT catalysts was also much higher than those of the Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3. The Co-Mo/CNT catalyst with a Co/Mo atomic ratio of 0.7 showed the highest activity, whereas the catalyst with a Co/Mo atomic ratio of 0.35 had the highest selectivity.     

Study of Carbon Nanotube Supported Co-Mo Selective Hydrodesulphurization Catalysts for Fluid Catalytic Cracking Gasoline

In this paper, carbon nanotube supported Co-Mo catalysts for selective hydrodesulphurization （HDS） of fluid catalytic cracking （FCC） gasoline were studied, using di-isobutylene, cyclohexene, 1-octene and thiophene as model compounds to simulate FCC gasoline. The results show that the Co-Mo/CNT has very high HDS activity and HDS/hydrogenation selectivity comparing with the Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3 and Co-Mo/AC catalyst systems. The saturation ratio of cyclohexene was lower than 50%, and the saturation ratio of 1,3-di-isobutylene lower than 60% for the Co-Mo/CNT catalysts. Co/Mo atomic ratio was found to be one of the most important key factors in influencing the hydrogenation selectivity and HDS activity, and the most suitable Co/Mo atomic ratio was 0.4. Co/CNT and Mo/CNT mono-metallic catalysts showed lower HDS activity and selectivity than the Co-Mo/CNT bi-metallic catalysts.     

Dibenzo二苯并噻吩在负载型 CoMoN_x/γ-Al2_O_3催化剂上的加氢脱硫

用浸渍法制备出γ- Al2 O3 负载不同 Co/( Co+ Mo)比的 Co Mo氧化物 ,以其作为前驱体 ,在 N2 - H2混合气体中程序升温反应 ,合成出一系列 Co Mo Nx/γ- Al2 O3 催化剂 .用二苯并噻吩 ( DBT)的加氢脱硫作为模型反应 ,评价了催化剂的催化活性和选择性 .研究表明 ,Co Mo Nx/γ- Al2 O3 催化剂催化 DBT的脱硫有两条途径 :一是直接氢解脱硫 ,产物为联苯 ;另一途径是 DBT上的苯环先加氢然后脱硫 ,主要产物是环己基苯 .其中 ,第一条途径为主要反应 .不同的预处理条件对催化剂的活性和选择性有明显影响 ,预还原并未提高催化剂的活性 ,预硫化却减低了产物的选择性 .在较宽的 Co/( Co+ Mo)比范围内 ,Co Mo Nx/γ- Al2 O3催化剂都显示出较高的催化活性     

模型石脑油在硫化Co-Mo／SBA-15催化剂上的加氢异构化反应

通过浸渍法制备了Co/SBA-15、Mo/SBA-15和Co-Mo/SBA-15催化剂,对催化剂的孔结构、物相及表面酸性进行了表征,测定了硫化催化剂上噻吩加氢脱硫及1-己烯加氢异构的反应性能,并与工业Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3催化剂进行了对比.结果表明,Co-Mo/SBA-15催化剂表面具有较强的B酸中心,且对噻吩加氢脱硫具有较高的催化活性;而Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3催化剂表面主要为较强的L酸中心,对1-己烯加氢具有较高的催化活性.Mo/SBA-15催化剂的B酸酸性较强,但同时具有较高的1-己烯加氢活性,故它对1-己烯骨架异构的催化活性不高.Co-Mo/SBA-15催化剂的加氢活性相对较低,1-己烯容易在其较强的B酸中心上发生骨架异构反应,具有潜在的工业化应用前景.     

Ni含量及预硫化对NiW／γ—Al2O3催化剂上噻吩加氢脱硫反就活性的影响

采用连续流动微反装置考察了活性组分Ni／（(Ni＋W）原子比及预硫化条件对NiW/γ－Al2O3催化剂噻吩加脱硫（HDS）反应活性的影响，用X射线光电子能谱和电镜微区元素分析方法对硫化态催化剂进行了表征，结果表明，催化剂的组成、硫化方法、硫化度和反应条件等都影响NiW/γ－Al2O3催化剂的HDS反应活性，对于在较低温度（300℃）下硫化的催化剂，当反应温度较低（260－290℃）时，最佳Ni(Ni＋W）原子比为0．50，而当反应温度较高（330－360℃），最佳Ni（Ni＋W）原子比为0．23，当催化剂在300－500℃下硫化时，其噻吩HDS反应活性随硫化温度升高而增大，表明硫化度较高的催化剂具有较高的HDS反应活性。     

助剂调变对CoO／γ-Al2O3催化性能的影响

采用XRD、TPR和催化活性评价等技术,考察了负载型CoO催化剂的表面特征和其对CH4与CO2重整制合成气反应的催化性能.实验结果表明,采用浸渍法和焙烧温度为400℃时制备的11.0%CoO/γ-Al2O3催化剂,在反应温度为750 ℃和空速(GHSV)为2 500 h-1下,对CH4和CO2转化反应具有最佳的催化初活性,而大量的Co3O4晶粒的存在能导致催化剂因积炭而快速失去活性.CaO、MgO和La2O3助剂的添加能有效地改善其催化剂的抗积炭能力和还原性能,CoO/(CaO-γ-Al2O3)催化剂显示出最佳的催化反应稳定性,在750 ℃、GHSV=2 500 h-1、CH4/CO2原料比为1:1下,连续反应100 h催化剂活性较为稳定.CoO/(CaO-γ-Al2O3)和CoO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的表面特性本质上是不相同的.     

MoCo/Y, MoNi/Y氮化物催化剂的结构和CH4+CO2重整反应性能

采用氨气还原法制备了NaY分子筛负载的MoCo/Y、MoNi／Y双组氮化物催化剂，用XRD和EXAFS方法征了样品的结构，并测定了其在CH4＋CO2重整反应中的活性，在氧化态时，MoCo/Y样品中主要存在CoMoO4和Co3O4两种物相，Mo的配位状态接近于CoMoO4，而Co的配位状态更接近于Co3O4，MoNi／Y样品中主要有NiMoO4和NiO两种物相，Mo的配位状态接近于MiMoO4，而Ni的配位状态可能是NiMoO4和NiO两种化合物中Ni配位状态的平均效果，Ni-Mo之间的朴素作用似乎比Co-Mo相对较强，在氮化态时，两种样品中Mo的配位状态较为相似，但即不同于MoO3，也不同于单组分γ－Mo2N.Co和Ni的配位状态都不同于各在氧化态下的状态，且都在相同的位置出现一个新强峰，这似乎表明MoCo和MoNi生成了结构相似的氮化物，在CH4＋CO2重整反应中，氮化态MoCO/Y和MoNi/Y的活性大大超过非负载单组分γ－Mo2N催化剂，其中MoNi/Y的活性相对更好一些，且活性随Ni含量增加而提高。     

Study of Dibenzothiophene Adsorption Over Carbon Nanotube Supported CoMo HDS Catalysts

Adsorption properties of dibenzothiophene (DBT) on a CNT (carbon nanotube) support as well as on CoMoS/CNT and CoMoO/CNT catalysts have been studied. Consecutive desorption of adsorbates was measured by TGA. The commonly used carriers AC (activated carbon), γ-Al2O3, and their supported catalysts (CoMoO/AC, CoMoS/AC, CoMoO/γ-Al2O3, CoMoS/γ-Al2O3) were also subjected to analysis for comparison. The acidic properties of the samples were characterized using the NH3-TPD technique.Correlation between the adsorption of DBT and the acidic properties of the catalysts has been established.It was found that the Co-Mo catalysts in the sulfide state adsorbed much more DBT molecules than the corresponding Co-Mo catalysts in the oxide state. The CoMoS/CNT catalyst exhibited very high HDS activity and selectivity, as compared with the CoMoS/γ-Al2O3 catalysts. Based on the BET data and the high hydrogenolysis/hydrogenation selectivity of the CoMoS/CNT, it was deduced that more than 90% of the DBT molecules adsorbed on the CoMoS/CNT with an end-on mode, and the surface of the CoMoS/CNT catalyst was almost fully covered with DBT molecules. Although the AC support had very high surface area and high loading ability, the AC supported CoMoS catalyst showed lower HDS activity,as compared with the CoMoS/γ-Al2O3 catalyst.     

Effect of Mg/Al atom ratio of support on catalytic performance of Co-Mo/MgO-Al2O3 catalyst for water gas shift reaction

Co-Mo-based catalysts supported on mixed oxide supports MgO-Al2O3 with different Mg/Al atom ratios for water gas shift reaction were studied by means of TPR, Raman, XPS and ESR. It was found that the octahedral Mo species in oxidized Co-Mo/MgO(x)-Al2O3 catalyst and the contents of Mo5+, Mo4+, S2- and S2-2 species in the functioning catalysts increased with increasing the Mg/Al atom ratio of the support under the studied experimental conditions. This is favorable for the formation of the active Co-Mo-S phase of the catalysts. Catalytic performance testing results showed that the catalysts Co-Mo/MgO-Al2O3 with the Mg/Al atom ratio of the support in the range of 0.475-0.525 exhibited optimal catalytic activity for the reaction.     

Support effects on the chemical property and catalytic activity of Co-Mo HDS catalyst in sulfur recovery

Effects of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and alumina (γ-Al2O3) supports on the catalytic activities of hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process over CoMo catalyst have been studied. XRD results indicated that the main active phases in CNT and γ-Al2O3 supported Co-Mo catalysts are MoO2 and MoO3, respectively. The TPR results reveal that the reduction peak temperatures of the active species on CNT supported Co-Mo catalyst is lower than those on alumina supported Co-Mo catalyst, indicating that the CNT supports favor the r...     

Ru作为Co—Mo／Al2O3加氢脱硫催化剂助剂的研究

用Ru改性的Ru-Co-Mo/Al_2O_3对噻吩加氢脱硫的催化性能进行了考察。结果表明,与Co-Mo/Al_2O_3相比,Ru-Co-Mo/Al_2O_3的加氢脱硫活性增高。通过CO、NO吸附的红外光谱实验证实,由于Ru的加入,吸附在Co和Mo中心上的特征谱带向低波数移动,且峰强度增强,这些结果提出了在硫化态Ru-Co-Mo/Al_2O_3上,Ru中心的部分d电子转移到Co、Mo中心的周围或由于Ru的存在促进了Co、Mo中心的还原。     

Effect of cobalt and its adding sequence on the catalytic performance of MoO3/Al2O3 toward sulfur-resistant methanation

The effect of promoter cobalt and the sequences of adding cobalt and molybdenum precursors on the performance of sulfur-resistant methanation were investigated. All these samples were prepared by impregnation method and characterized by N₂-adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS). The conversions of CO for Mo-Co/Al, Co-Mo/Al and CoMo/Al catalysts were 59.7%, 54.3% and 53.9%, respectively. Among these catalysts, the Mo-Co/Al catalyst prepared stepwisely by impregnating Mo precursor firstly showed the best catalytic performance. Meanwhile, the conversions of CO were 48.9% for Mo/Al catalyst and 10.5% for Co/Al catalyst. The addition of cobalt species could improve the catalytic activity of Mo/Al catalyst. The N₂-adsorption results showed that Co-Mo/Al catalyst had the smallest specific surface area among these catalysts. CoMoO₄ species in CoMo/Al catalyst were detected with XRD, TPR and LRS. Moreover, crystal MoS₂ which was reported to be less active than amorphous MoS₂ was found in both Co-Mo/Al and CoMo/Al catalysts. Mo-Co/Al catalyst showed the best catalytic performance as it had an appropriate surface structure, i.e., no crystal MoS₂ and very little CoMoO₄ species.     

XPS Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Supported CoMo Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts

In this paper, the effect of catalytic support and sulfiding method on the chemical state of supported Co-Mo catalysts is studied by XPS. After sulfidation with in-situ method, the majority of molybdenum in CNT supported CoMo catalyst is transferred to a species with a formal chemical state Mo(Ⅳ) in MoS2 phase, and the rest to Mo(Ⅴ) which consists of Mo coordinated both to O and S, such as MoO2S2^2- and MoO3S^2-. In case of CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst sulfided with in-situ method, a fraction of molybdenum is transferred to formal state Mo(Ⅳ) in the form of MoS2, but there is still a mount of unreduced Mo(VI) phase which is difficult to be sulfided. In CoMo/CNT catalyric system sulfided with ex-situ method, Mo(IV) in the form of MoS2 is detected along with a portion of unreduced Mo(VI) phase, suggesting that not all the Mo phases are reduced and sulfided by ex-situ method. As for CoMo/γ-Al2O3, a portion of molybdenum is sulfided to intermediate reduced state Mo(V) which consists of Mo coordinated both to O and S, such as MoO2S2^2- and MoO3S^2-, in addition, there is still a fraction of unreduced Mo(Ⅵ)phase. XPS analyses results suggest that CNT support facilitates the reduction and sulfidation of active species to a large extent, and that alumina support strongly interacts with active species, hereby producing a fraction of phase which resists complete sulfiding. Catalytic measurements of catalysts in the HDS of dibenzothiophene (DBT) show that CoMo/CNT catalysts are of higher HDS activity and selectivity than CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, which is in good relation with the sulfiding behavior of the corresponding catalyst.     

助剂Cu对Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂低温还原性能影响

制备了一系列铜质量分数不同的CuNi/γ-Al2O3催化剂，进行了TPR和XRD表征并测定了该系列催化剂对苯加氢制环己烷的催化活性。结果表明，助剂Cu的负载量对低温（160 ℃）还原后催化剂的催化活性影响很大，在铜镍原子摩尔比为1∶1时，催化剂具有较高的催化活性和稳定性；添加铜组分可促进镍在载体表面分散，使负载NiO的还原温度降低，催化活性提高。     

Ru—Co—Mo／Al2O3还原催化剂：CO和NO吸附的红外光谱研究

本文采用CO、NO作为探针分子,应用红外光谱法对其在还原态Mo/Al_2O_3,Co-Mo/Al_2O_3,Ru-Mo/Al_2O_3,Ru-Co-Mo/Al_2O_3系列催化剂上的吸附态进行了表征。CO和NO在Mo,Co,Ru中心上的吸附峰随着它们的担载量增加而增强。Co和Ru作为助剂对Mo中心的吸附能力产生显著不同的影响,增加Co担载量大大减少了Mo中心的吸附NO量,并且NO在Co中心上的吸附红外谱带1775,1860 cm~(-1)位移到1800,1879 cm~(-1);而增加Ru担载量则加强了CO和NO在Mo中心上的吸附量,并使得NO在Mo中心上的吸附红外谱带1706,1812 cm~(-1)红移至1679,1801 cm~(-1)。根据实验结果,本文分别对Co和Ru的助剂功能进行了讨论。