CuO/Sn0.8Ti0.2O2催化剂的表征及对NO+CO反应活性研究

Reducibility and characteristics of CuO/Sn_0.8Ti_0.2O₂ catalysts were examined by using a microreactor-GC NO+CO reaction system, BET, TG-DTA, FTIR, XRD and H2-TPR techniques. CuO/Sn_0.8Ti_0.2O₂ had high activity in NO+CO reaction, showing 93% NO conversion at 300 ℃ in air, and 100% NO conversion at 225 ℃ after H₂ pretreatment. The pore size distribution of Sn_0.8Ti_0.2O₂ was mainly as micro-pores and meso-pores (1~5 nm), and the specific surface area and total pore volume of Sn_0.8Ti_0.2O₂ were 69 m²·g^-1 and 0.15 cm³·g^-1, respectively. As shown by XRD analysis, there was no CuO crystal diffraction peak at 9%CuO loading, but two CuO crystal diffraction peaks at 2θ 35.5° and 38.7° were present at 12% CuO loading. FTIR detected the adsorption of NO and CO on the surface of reduced 12%CuO/Sn_0.8Ti_0.2O₂. The Cu²⁺ sites and support surface adsorbed NO, and the process of NO adsorption led to the formation of N₂O and NO₃^-. In contrast, the Cu⁺、Cu⁰ sites and support surface adsorbed CO, and when the mixed gases of NO and CO were adsorbed by support surface, no NO₃^- was formed. H₂-TPR showed four reduction peaks (α, β, γ and δ). The α, β and γ peaks were the reductions of CuO species, and the δ peak was the reduction of Sn_0.8Ti_0.2O₂.     

微量吸附量热研究CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的表面酸碱性质

The γ-Al₂O₃ supported CuO samples were studied. XRD results showed that the loading and calcination temperature affected the surface structure. For example， CuO crystallite appeared at the CuO loading of 7% (about 0.82mmol/100m²) on the support. Both CuO crystallite and CuAl₂O₄ spinel were present when the CuO/γ-Al₂O₃ sample was calcined at the same temperature (400℃). Microcalorimetric adsorption of CO₂ and NH₃ revealed that the strength of both the acidity and basicity decreased with the increase of CuO loading for the CuO/γ-Al₂O₃ sample. The increase of calcination temperature further decreased the basicity while the acidity was not affected.     

CexPr1-xO2-δ复合氧化物的XRD和Raman表征

A series of Ce_xPr_1-xO_2-δ mixed oxides were synthesized by sol-gel method and characterized by Raman and XRD techniques. When x value was changed from 1.0 to 0.5, only a cubic phase CeO₂ was observed. The samples were very well crystallized on decreasing x from 0.50 to 0.99. For Ce_xPr_1-xO_2-δ samples 465 cm^-1 and 1 150 cm^-1 Raman peaks are attributed to the Raman active F_2g mode of CeO₂. The broad peak at about 570 cm^-1 in the region of 0.3 ≤x≤ 0.99 can be linked to lattice defects resulting in oxygen vacancies. The new band at about 195 cm^-1 may be attributed to the asymmetric vibration caused by the formation of oxygen vacancies. Calcination temperatures had great effect on the peak intensity for CeO₂ but less effect on Ce_0.8Pr_0.2O_2-δ in Raman spectra. It might be due to the transformation of the colors for the mixed oxides, the insertion of Pr atom into the ceria lattice could enhance the sintering resistance and thermal stability of the mixed oxides.     

Cr/CeO2体系及其对乙烷脱氢反应催化性能的研究

The dehydrogenation reaction of ethane over Cr/CeO₂ catalysts in presence of CO₂ was studied with fixed-bed micro-reactor. The Cr/CeO₂ catalysts of different Cr loading have been synthesized using impregnation techniques. The Cr/CeO₂ system has already been found to be active and selective in the reaction at around 740 ℃. The function of carbon dioxide is to remove coke and hydrogen to accelerate dehydrogenation of ethane. The results of catalysts characterizations indicated that Cr³⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ occurred on the surface of the catalysts. The 1.2 mmol Cr/100m₂ CeO₂ catalyst sample with a monolayer dispersion of Cr on CeO₂ support showed a stronger surface acidity and a maximum yield of ethylene of about 35.5% at 36.6% conversion of ethane.     

碳纳米管负载的Fe2O3催化剂制备

Carbon nanotubes were modified by FeSO₄-H₂O₂ system, iron hydroxides were adsorbed on the wall of carbon nanotubes simultaneously. These precursors were treated at 723K for 2 h under hydrogen, nitrogen and air atmosphere to prepare carbon nanotubes supported γ-Fe₂O₃catalyst, γ-Fe₂O₃and α-Fe₂O₃compound catalyst and amorphous Fe₂O₃catalyst, respectively. This is green method to prepare high Fe₂O₃loading (≥50 %) catalyst without adding other cation. The different structures Fe₂O₃catalysts can be synthesized by controlling the condition of thermal treatment to content active phase requirements for different catalytic reactions. The paper presents a new method to prepare carbon nanotubes supported catalysts.     

水热改性对NiMo/γ-Al2O3加氢脱氮催化剂结构及性能的影响

The influence of hydrothermal modification on the structure and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) activity of NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃catalyst was studied in the range 140～180 ℃. The experimental results indicated that the hydrodenitrogenation reaction rate of pyridine was accelerated using the NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃catalyst synthesized via hydrothermal route due to the change of the structure, the increase of the amount of Mo and Ni and the rise of the specific surface area. The change of the structure of catalysts was enhanced at higher hydrothermal temperature, producing NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃catalyst with better HDN activity.     

硬脂酸法制备超细K2La2Ti3O10及其酸交换性质研究

A new stearic acid method(SAM) has been used to prepare ultrafine K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀ nanocrystalline. Each state of synthesis process was followed by the use of FT-IR analysis. The resulting materials have been characterized by means of XRD， TEM， BET surface area analysis. The acid-exchanging property of the obtained product was also studied. The experimental results showed that comparing with the product of traditional solid-state reaction， the particle size of the K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀ synthesized by SAM is greatly reduced， BET surface area is high(more than 11.83m²·g^-1) and has different acid-exchanging properties. It can be easily exfoliated in 2mol·L^-1 HNO₃ so-lution.     

纳米尖晶石LixMn2O4的制备与电化学性能表征

Nano-spinel Li_xMn₂O₄(0.6 ≤x≤ 1.0) was synthesized by two steps of coprecipitation and calcination. The influences of calcination temperature, time and Li/Mn ratio on the crystal structure and the particle size of Li_xMn₂O₄ were investigated. It was shown that the higher the calcination temperature, the more complete the crystal structure, and the larger the particle size. Moreover, the influence of calcination time on the crystal structure was insignificant when it was more than 3h at 700℃. With the increase of x in Li_xMn₂O₄ in the range of 0.6～1.0, the d111 and lattice parameter a increased first and then decreased. The electrochemical properties of nano-spinel LiMn₂O₄ using as cathode material of lithium-ion battery were studied. The low discharge capacity might be due to the irreversible capacity loss brought by the large surface area and lattice vacancies of the nano-spinel.     

储氧材料制备过程中的结构及织构变化

Ce_0.65Zr_0.35O₂ solid solution was prepared by co-precipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, BET, oxygen storage capacity (OSC) and temperature-programmed reduction measurements (H₂-TPR) after calcination at 100 ℃, 300 ℃, 600 ℃, and 1 000 ℃. The results showed that the precipitation was a crystalline of fluorite structure, and in the process of the precipitation transformation into Ce_0.65Zr_0.35O₂ solid solution, the fluorite structure of the precipitation kept unchanged. The samples had different BET surface areas and OSC at different temperatures, but they held the performance of stable structure. After 1 000 ℃, there didn′t appear the other crystalline phase. So the samples prepared by co-precipitation method had excellent texture and higher thermal stability.     

Li4Ti5O12溶胶-凝胶法合成及其机理研究

The precursors of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ were prepared from tetrabutyl titanate and lithium acetate by sol-gel process. The Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ samples were synthesized by calcining the gel precursors at 400～900 ℃ in air for 6～20 h. Its reaction mechanism was investigated by infrared spectroscopy(IR), thermogravimetry(TG) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The effects of sinter-temperature, calcination-time and thermal-treatment for the products were discussed. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results showed that the single-phase products were obtained by calcining the gel precursors at 800 ℃ in air for 20 h, the sinter-temperature was lower than that of solid-state method, the particles were narrowly distributed, well crystallized with a size range from 0.3μm to 0.5 μm.     

Pt/γ-Al2O3/CexZr1-xO2催化剂低温催化燃烧去除饮食油烟

以CexZr1-xO2固溶体做载体, 制备了系列Pt/γ-Al2O3/CexZr1-xO2催化剂(x=1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25, 0). 应用Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET)比表面积分析、X射线衍射(XRD)和H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等手段对催化剂进行相关表征, 并系统研究了催化剂在饮食油烟催化燃烧中的催化活性. BET结果表明催化剂的比表面积随Ce/Zr摩尔比的减小而减小. XRD结果表明贵金属Pt很好地分散在氧化铝和CexZr1-xO2固溶体上. H2-TPR结果发现催化剂Pt/γ-Al2O3/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2的还原峰面积最大且氧离子的流动性最好. 催化活性研究结果表明Pt负载在CexZr1-xO2固溶体上有利于油烟的催化燃烧, 降低了反应温度. 随着CexZr1-xO2固溶体中Ce/Zr摩尔比的变化, 催化剂的活性顺序为Pt/γ-Al2O3/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2>Pt/γ-Al2O3/Ce0.25Zr0.75O2>Pt/γ-Al2O3/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2>Pt/γ-Al2O3/CeO2>Pt/γ-Al2O3/ZrO2.     

乙酸乙酯在Al2O3-Ce0.5Zr0.5O2负载的金属氧化物催化剂上的催化燃烧

制备了Fe, Co, Cu, Cr和Mn金属氧化物催化剂, 所用载体为Al2O3-Ce0.5Zr0.5O2复合氧化物. 利用X射线衍射(XRD), 程序升温还原(TPR), 储氧量测试, BET比表面测试和光电子能谱(XPS)表征了催化剂. 并利用活性测试表征了各种催化剂对乙酸乙酯催化燃烧能力. 各种表征结果证实, 由于催化剂Mn/Al2O3-Ce0.5Zr0.5O2(1:2, 质量比)具有最多的可还原物种, Cu/Al2O3-Ce0.5Zr0.5O2(1:2)具有较多的可还原物种和最强的可还原能力, 使它们对乙酸乙酯催化燃烧表现出了最好的活性. 在催化剂Cu/Al2O3-Ce0.5Zr0.5O2(1:2)和Mn/Al2O3-Ce0.5Zr0.5O2(1:2)上, 乙酸乙酯于245 ℃转化了99%, 表明这两种催化剂具有广泛的应用潜力.     

Pt/γ-Al2O3/CexZr1-xO2催化剂低温催化燃烧去除饮食油烟

以CexZr1-xO2固溶体做载体,制备了系列Pt/γ-Al2O3/CexZr1-xO2催化剂(x=1,0.75,0.5,0.25,0).应用Brunauer-Emmet-Teller(BET)比表面积分析、X射线衍射(XRD)和H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等手段对催化剂进行相关表征,并系统研究了催化剂在饮食油烟催化燃烧中的催化活性.BET结果表叫催化剂的比表面积随Ce/Zr摩尔比的减小而减小.XRD结果表明贵金属Pt很好地分散在氧化铝和CexZr1-xO2固溶体上.H2-TPR结果发现催化剂Pt/γ-Al2O3/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2的还原峰面积最大且氧离子的流动性最好.催化活性研究结果表明Pt负载在CexZr1-xO2固溶体上有利于油烟的催化燃烧,降低了反应温度.随着CexZr1-xO2固溶体中Ce/Zr摩尔比的变化,催化剂的活性顺序为Pt/γ-Al2O3/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2＞Pt/γ-Al2O3/Ce0.25Zr0.75O2＞Pt/γ-Al2O3/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2＞Pt/γ-Al2O3/CeO2＞Pt/γ-Al2O3/ZrO2.     

Pt/MOx-SiO2 (M=Ce,Zr, Al)催化剂对CO和C3H8氧化性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备质量比为1:1的MOx-SiO2(M=Ce,Zr,Al)复合氧化物,以此为载体采用浸渍法制备了铂基氧化型催化剂.考察了该系列催化剂在模拟柴油车尾气条件下,经SO2硫化前后对C3H8和CO的氧化性能.用X射线衍射(XRD)、低温N2吸附-脱附、氨气/氧气/二氧化碳程序升温脱附(NH3/O2/CO2-TPD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段进行了表征.NH3-TPD证实催化剂表面存在多种酸中心,硫化后催化剂表面中强酸中心增多.O2-TPD证实催化剂表面存在α和β氧物种,硫化后催化剂表面氧脱附量减少.其中Pt/Al2O3-SiO2表面酸性最弱和表面氧脱附量最大.XPS结果表明新鲜催化剂经硫化后会使催化剂表面Pt的结合能降低.活性测试结果表明,三种催化剂对CO和C3H8的催化氧化活性均较好,其中Pt/ZrO2-SiO2抗SO2中毒性能最佳,具有良好的应用前景.     

具有低SO_2氧化活性的Pt/Zr_xTi_(1-x)O_2柴油车氧化催化剂的制备及性能

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列ZrxTi1-xO2(x=0.0,0.1,0.5,0.9,1.0)复合氧化物,并以此为载体,用等孔体积浸渍H2PtCl6制得Pt/ZrxTi1-xO2柴油车氧化催化剂.运用N2吸附-脱附,X射线多晶粉末衍射,X射线光电子能谱,H2程序升温还原和NH3程序升温脱附等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,在系列催化剂样品中,Zr0.1Ti0.9O2复合氧化物主要以锐钛矿形式存在,具有较好的织构性能,样品的比表面积达94m2/g,孔体积为0.33cm3/g.相应地,Pt/Zr0.1Ti0.9O2催化剂表现出优异的催化氧化性能,HC和CO的起燃温度(T50)分别为185和174oC,完全转化温度(T90)分别为197和201oC;且具有较低的SO2氧化活性,350oC时SO2仅转化25.5%.     

纳米膜组装介孔Al2O3：合成及Pt/Al2O3的硝基苯催化加氢性能

以"乙酸乙酯(EA)-偏铝酸钠-水"体系在室温下合成了纳米膜组装介孔Al2O3。研究发现:合成反应时间、静置前搅拌时间、NaAlO2用量、EA用量及反应温度等对合成产物的形貌有影响;另外,与用商品γ-Al2O3制备的Pt/γ-Al2O3催化剂相比,纳米膜组装介孔Al2O3制备的Pt/Al2O3催化剂含有部分易被还原的PtOx物种。在硝基苯催化加氢反应中,用合成Al2O3为载体制备的Pt/Al2O3催化剂,比用商品γ-Al2O3制备的Pt/γ-Al2O3催化剂具有更好的催化活性。     

Pt／Al_2O_3，Pd／Al_2O_3催化剂上CO氧化与表面氧脱出－恢复性能

Ｐｔ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３，Ｐｄ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３催化剂上ＣＯ氧化与表面氧脱出－恢复性能周仁贤，郑小明（杭州大学催化研究所，杭州３１００２８）关键词铂，钯，氧化铝，氧化锆，负载型催化剂，一氧化碳，氧化，氧脱附ＡＩ。Ｏ。负载的贵金属（Ｐｔ，Ｐｄ或Ｒｈ等）催化剂对有...     

甲烷部分氧化制合成气Pt-Ni/Al~2O~3催化剂的研究

研究了Ni/Al~2O~3,Pt/Al~2O~3和一系列Pt-Ni/Al~2O~3催化剂对甲烷部分氧化制合成气的催化作用,发现Pt-Ni/Al~2O~3催化剂显示了比Ni/Al~2O~3和Pt/Al~2O~3更高的活性和稳定性。H~2-TPR,CO-TPD,CO~2-TPD,SEM,XPS和XRD等结果证明:Pt和Ni之间存在较强的相互作用,Pt和部分Ni形成固溶体合金并且Pt在催化剂表面富集。Pt和Ni之间的相互作用提高了催化剂的活性和稳定性,甲烷在Pt-Ni/Al~2O~3上的催化部分氧化具有不同于在Pt/Al~2O~3和Ni/Al~2O~3上的反应性能。     

Al含量对Pt-SO2-4 /ZrO2-Al2O3固体超强酸催化

通过向SO^2-₄ /ZrO₂催化剂中同时引入适量的Pt和Al₂O₃, 制备出了具有较高催化性能和稳定性的Pt-SO^2-₄ /ZrO₂-Al₂O₃型固体超强酸催化剂. 以正戊烷异构化反应为探针, 考察了Al含量对催化剂性能的影响; 并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积测定(BET)、红外(IR)光谱、程序升温还原(TPR)、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)和氨-程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)手段对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, Al能够提高ZrO₂的晶化温度, 抑制硫的分解, 增加催化剂的比表面积, 增强硫氧键的结合, 提高催化剂的还原性能, 增加催化剂的酸强度和酸总量. 当Al₂O₃含量(质量分数, w)为5.0%时, Pt-SO^2-₄ /ZrO₂-Al₂O₃固体超强酸催化剂的催化活性最好, 在100 h内异戊烷收率可稳定在52.0%以上, 选择性在98.2%以上.     

Ce0.1+xTi0.5-xAl0.2Y0.1La0.1O1.8材料的制备及在三效催化剂中的应用

采用共沉淀法制备了Ce0.1+xTi0.5-xAl0.2Y0.1La0.1O1.8(0≤x≤0.4)材料, 并对所制备的材料进行了X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)的表征, 测定了材料的比表面积(BET法)和储氧量(OSC), 同时采用氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和氨气程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)研究了材料的还原性能和表面酸性. 研究结果表明, Ce/Ti摩尔比大于1∶2的材料能形成立方萤石结构的固溶体, Ce/Ti摩尔比为1时, 材料表面Ce4+/Ce3+摩尔比达到最大; 随着Ce/Ti摩尔比的增大, 材料的储氧能力先增大后减小, 而TPR还原峰温则是先减小后增大, 当Ce/Ti摩尔比为1时, 材料的储氧量达到最大, 为660 μmol/g; 还原峰峰温最低, 为616 ℃. 以制备的材料为载体制备了一系列Pt/Ce0.1+xTi0.5-xAl0.2Y0.1La0.1O1.8三效催化剂, 并对催化剂进行了活性评价. 活性测试结果表明, 以Ce/Ti比为1的载体材料制成的催化剂对C3H8, CO和NO的起燃温度分别为236, 147和228 ℃, 表现出了优异的温度特性.