改进的QuEChERS结合LC-MS/MS同时测定蜂蜜中60种兽药残留

建立了同时测定蜂蜜中60种兽药残留的LC-MS/MS检测方法。蜂蜜样品采用Mcllvaine缓冲溶液(pH 4)稀释,5%乙酸乙腈提取,提取液经盐析,NH2吸附剂分散固相萃取净化,LC-MS/MS动态多反应监控模式测定。在3个添加水平下(n=6),60种兽药平均回收率在70%～120%范围内的占比分别为96.7%,98.3%和98.3%,RSD为0.6%～20%。在0.1～1000μg/kg范围内,81.7%的目标物的线性相关系数(r2)>0.995,检出限和定量限范围分别为0.01～17.99μg/kg和0.02～59.97μg/kg。对16个市售蜂蜜样品进行测定,其中5个样品中检出磺胺类、喹诺酮类、硝基咪唑类等兽药残留。该方法具有一次处理样品,可同时测定60种兽药残留的特点,适合于蜂蜜中多类兽药的高通量筛查检测。     

UPLC-MS法同时测定牛奶中磺胺类、喹诺酮类、甾体激素类及四环素类兽药残留

建立并优化了同时测定牛奶中10种磺胺类、6种喹诺酮类、8种甾体激素类以及1种四环素类药物共25种兽药残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。样品中目标药物经5%乙酸乙腈提取,HLB固相萃取小柱净化后,通过UPLC-MS测定,外标法定量。25种兽药在不同加标浓度下的回收率为61.6%~119.2%,组内相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.5%~13.4%,组间RSD为5.8%~14.2%,方法检出限为0.5~2.0μg/kg。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱/串联质谱同时检测动物源性食品中76种兽药残留

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱/串联质谱(SPE-HPLC/MS)同时测定动物源性食品中76种兽药残留的检测方法。样品采用乙腈和含Mg2+的柠檬酸缓冲液进行提取,去除有机相后以缓冲液重溶,聚合物和阳离子交换固相萃取柱串联净化,用甲醇和甲醇-氨水(95∶5,V/V)分步洗脱,液相色谱-串联质谱进行测定,基质曲线外标法定量。方法的定量下限为0.5μg/kg(β-受体激动剂类和三苯甲烷类)、1.0μg/kg(苯二氮卓类和硝基咪唑类)、5.0μg/kg(苯并咪唑类)和20μg/kg(磺胺类)。76种兽药在虾、猪肉、猪肝、鸡蛋和牛奶中的基质溶液标准曲线线性相关系数(r)大于0.907,回收率在59.4%～115.3%之间,相对标准偏差在2.6%～27.3%之间。采用本方法对市场中样品进行筛选,发现2例阳性样品中含有莱克多巴胺和地西泮残留,测定值分别为0.92和6.5μg/kg。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测牛奶中多种苯并咪唑兽药残留

采用正交试验优化的QuEChERS方法处理样品,建立了牛奶中包括前体药物和代谢物在内12种苯并咪唑类(BZs)兽药残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法.方法在1～500μg/kg范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.9980～0.9996,平均回收率72.4%～108.3%,RSD为1.4%～9.7%,检出限低于0.5μg/k...     

液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱质谱快速筛查和确证畜禽肉及水产品中160种兽药残留

应用液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱质谱(LC-Q-Orbitrap/MS)建立了畜禽肉及水产品中磺胺类、喹诺酮类、四环素类等14类160种兽药残留快速筛查方法。均浆后的样品(猪、鸡、鱼)中加入80%(V/V)乙腈-水溶液(含0.2%(V/V)甲酸)振荡提取,Oasis PRiME HLB固相萃取柱净化,在全扫描/数据依赖二级质谱扫描(Full MS/dd-MS2)模式下采集,基质匹配外标法定量。结果表明,160种兽药在0.25～100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数(R²)≥0.99,方法筛查限(SDL)和定量限(LOQ)均为0.5～20μg/kg。除敌敌畏、卡巴氧和二嗪磷回收率低于60%外,其余兽药在猪肉、鸡肉和鱼肉中1倍、 2倍和10倍定量限3个加标水平下的总体回收率为65.0%～119.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.73%～20%。方法应用于75批市售畜禽肉及水产品检测,共筛查出6类8种兽药。本方法可同时筛查畜禽肉及水产品中多种兽药残留。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法快速筛查牛奶中的农药和兽药残留

利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)技术建立了牛奶中42种农药和兽药残留的快速检测方法。目标药物包括常用的13种农药和29种兽药,采用QuEChERS（Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe）方法进行样品前处理。牛奶样品经含1%甲酸的乙腈溶液提取,同时加入无水硫酸钠和氯化钾盐析,提取液经C18填料净化后直接测定。目标药物经ACQUITY UPLCTMBEH C18柱分离,以乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用正离子全信息串联质谱扫描模式(MSE)进行检测。结果表明,牛奶中42种农药和兽药的定量限(LOQ, S/N=10)为1～100 μg/kg; 3个加标水平的平均回收率为68.2%～129.1%,相对标准偏差为2.8%～30.8%。该方法快速简便、灵敏度较高,可用于牛奶中42种农兽药的快速筛查。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水产品中8类38种兽药残留

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)同时测定水产品中喹诺酮类、大环内酯类、磺胺类、磺胺增效剂、林可胺类、硝基咪唑类、喹啉类和多肽类8类共38种限用兽药残留的检测方法。试样用1%乙酸乙腈溶液提取,经冷冻离心分离和正己烷净化后,HPLC-MS/MS进行测定,基质曲线外标法定量。在电喷雾正离子模式下,以多反应监测(MRM)方式采集数据进行定性与定量分析。38种兽药在水产品中的基质溶液标准曲线线性系数(r)均大于0.99;在4个不同浓度加标水平下,平均回收率为43%～123%;日内相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.0%～26.4%,日间RSD为1.6%～28.9%;定量下限(LOQ,S/N≥10)为5～20μg/kg。方法简单、快速、可靠,可用于水产品中兽药多残留的快速筛查。     

食品中甲硝唑残留的碳纳米管固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定

建立了以多壁碳纳米管为固相萃取吸附剂分离富集牛奶、鸡蛋以及蜂蜜中的甲硝唑残留,并用高效液相色谱法测定的分析方法。考察了碳纳米管对甲硝唑的吸附效果,洗脱剂的种类及其用量、碳纳米管的长度及大小和上样速率对萃取率的影响,优化了固相萃取条件。在优化实验条件下,方法的线性范围为0.01~10 mg/L,检出限为0.25μg/kg;对3种实际样品分别进行1、10、50μg/kg 3种水平下的加标回收实验,样品回收率为68%~112%,RSD为3.3%~17.1%,定量下限为0.8μg/kg。方法灵敏度高、简便快速且成本低,符合食品中低浓度兽药残留的分析方法要求。     

动物源性食品中56种兽药残留物的UPLC-MS/MS高通量分析

建立了超高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定56种动物源性兽药残留物的分析方法。以乙腈-0.5%乙酸水溶液(85:15,V/V)为提取溶剂,采用固相萃取柱(Oasis PRi ME HLB)进行样品净化,通过UPLC-MS/MS分析测定,基质曲线外标法定量。方法定量限为1.0μg/kg(喹诺酮类)、1.5μg/kg(糖皮质类)、10μg/kg(磺胺类)、1.0μg/kg(β-受体激动剂类)。56种兽药残留物在牛肉、猪肉、鸡肉和奶等基质样品中回收率范围为63.2%~101.5%,基质标准工作曲线线性相关系数大于0.937,精密度RSD15%(n=3)。方法适用于动物源性食品中兽药残留物的分析。     

超高效液相-串联质谱法同时测定蜂蜜中15种喹诺酮类药物残留

建立了蜂蜜样品中15种喹诺酮类兽药残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。蜂蜜样品用磷酸盐缓冲溶液溶解提取后,用Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化,超高效液相-电喷雾串联四级杆质谱检测,外标法定量。测定时用Acquity UPLC BEHC18色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)分离,体积分数0.1%甲酸溶液-乙腈系统梯度洗脱,质谱测定采用多重反应监测(MRM)模式。15种喹诺酮类兽药的检出限均低于或等于1.0 ng/mL,回收率均在78.6%～112.9%范围内,相对标准偏差均在10%范围内。该方法各项指标均能满足国内外各项法规的要求,可用于蜂蜜样品中喹诺酮类药物残留的定量和定性检测。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。