超高效液相色谱串联质谱法快速检测烤鳗虾中硝基呋喃代谢物残留新技术

采用高检测灵敏度超高效液相色谱串联质谱开发了烤鳗虾中硝基呋喃代谢物残留量快速检测新技术.该技术包括2-氯苯甲醛为衍生剂,试剂盒方法快速样品制备,高检测灵敏度超高效液相色谱串联质谱快速测定.设计了4个添加水平(0.2、0.5、1.0、2.0 μg/kg)、8次重复的试验.结果表明,方法线性范围0～5.0 μg/kg;检测限均为0.2μg/kg;AOZ回收率89.2%～100.6%,RSD2.2%～12.6%;AMOZ回收率91.3%～107.4%,RSD 4.3%～8.7%;SEM回收率79.9%～118.0%,RSD 2.4%～12.3%和A皿回收率78.9%～105.0%,RSD3.7%～12.1%.该快速检测方法小批量(20个样品)检测周期少于5.5h.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用法对水产品中亚甲基蓝及其代谢物残留的检测

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时检测水产品中亚甲基蓝及其代谢物天青A、天青B、天青C残留的方法.试样中的残留药物采用离子对试剂提取,正己烷脱脂净化,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定.对前处理及液相色谱分离条件进行了探讨与优化.4种分析物在0.25 ～50 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,方法定量下限可达0.5 μg/kg.在0.5、1.0、5.0 μg/kg范围内,平均加标回收率为80% ～91%;相对标准偏差为6.38% ～9.41%.方法灵敏、稳定,可满足水产品中亚甲基蓝及其代谢物残留的检测与确证及对药物动力学研究的需要.     

超高效液相色谱-质谱对动物源食品中氯丙嗪、异丙嗪及其代谢物的测定

建立了动物源食品中吩噻嗪类药物氯丙嗪、异丙嗪及其代谢物氯丙嗪亚砜和异丙嗪亚砜同时测定的固相萃取超高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离串联四极杆质谱(UPLC-ESI MS/MS)方法.样品用乙酸乙酯和氢氧化钠溶液提取,Oasis HLB柱富集净化,超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联四极杆质谱仪检测,采用多反应监测正离子模式,可以一次性对动物源性食品中的吩噻嗪类药物氯丙嗪、异丙嗪及其代谢物氯丙嗪亚砜和异丙嗪亚砜进行定性和定量测定.方法在 1 ～100 μg/L范围具有良好的线性,回收率为76% ～96%,定量下限(S/N＞10)为异丙嗪5 μg/kg,氯丙嗪、氯丙嗪亚砜、异丙嗪亚砜1 μg/kg.检出限(S/N=3)为异丙嗪1.5 μg/kg,氯丙嗪、氯丙嗪亚砜、异丙嗪亚砜0.3 μg/kg.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中硝基呋喃类代谢物

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定猪肉组织中4种硝基呋喃类代谢物的分析方法.样品经盐酸水解,2-硝基苯甲醛衍生,乙酸乙酯提取净化,在正离子模式下以电喷雾电离串联质谱进行测定,内标法定量.在优化的实验条件下,4种代谢物在0.5~50μg/kg范围内线性良好,相关系数大于0.995,方法检出限为0.2μg/kg,定量限为0.5μg/kg.在0.5、1.0和10.0μg/kg的添加水平下,4种代谢物的平均回收率在74.6%~104.8%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)在2.4%~15.6%之间.方法可应用于猪肉中4种硝基呋喃类药物代谢物残留的同时检测.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测水产品中残留的硝基呋喃类药物的代谢物

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法用于同时测定水产品中硝基呋喃类药物的代谢物3-氨基-2-唑烷基酮(AOZ)、5-甲基吗啉-3-氨基-2-唑烷基酮(AMOZ)、氨基脲(SEM)、1-氨基-2-内酰脲(AHD)和3,5-二硝基水杨酸肼(DNSH)。样品经盐酸水解、2-硝基苯甲醛衍生、乙酸乙酯提取净化。氮吹至干后,用1 mL乙腈-0.1%甲酸水(20:80, v/v)定容。经Aquasil C18色谱柱分离,用液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱以多反应监测模式(MRM)进行检测分析,内标法定量。结果表明,该方法的线性范围为0.5～10 μg/kg, 5种代谢物的线性相关系数均不小于0.9976,定量限为0.5 μg/kg。在0.5、1.0、2.0和4.0 μg/kg的添加水平下,加标回收率为81.3%～100.5%, RSD为3.4%～10.0%。本法可作为水产品中5种硝基呋喃类药物的代谢物残留量同时分析的有效手段。     

蜂产品中9种硝基咪唑类药物原药及代谢物残留量的HPLC-APCI(+)MS/MS分析

运用高效液相色谱-大气压电离串联四极杆质谱(HPLC-APCI(+)MS/MS)内标法分析了蜂蜜、蜂王浆及冻干粉中甲硝唑、地美硝唑(二甲硝唑)、替硝唑、洛硝唑(罗硝唑)、特尼哒唑、异丙硝唑,以及羟基化甲硝咪唑、羟基化异丙硝唑、2-羟甲基-1-甲基化-5-硝咪唑9种硝基咪唑类药物残留量.样品添加氘代标示物HMMNI-D3、IPZ-OH-D3后,用乙腈提取,通过Oasis MCX C18 SPE柱净化,Waters Superiorex ODS C18色谱柱分离,采用梯度洗脱,流动相为0.1%甲酸水溶液和0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液,大气压电离源正离子MRM模式检测.蜂蜜和蜂王浆样品的定量下限(LOQ,S/N＞10)为0.5 μg/kg,冻干粉样品的LOQ为1.0 μg/kg.在0.5 ～50.0 μg/L范围内,峰面积与质量浓度呈良好线性,r为0.993 2 ～0.999 5.     

液相微萃取-反萃取在磺胺药物残留测定中的应用

利用液相微萃取-反萃取技术,建立测定动物组织中磺胺药物残留量的新方法.将动物组织中磺胺药物经液相微萃取-反萃取后进行高效液相色谱紫外检测.磺胺、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺喹口恶啉4种磺胺类药物的线性范围均在0.05～10.0 μg/mL,磺胺甲口恶唑的线性范围在0.5～10.0 μg/mL之间,方法的平均回收率不低于80.2%,RSD＜6.8%,检出限为0.1 mg/kg.     

动物组织中氨苯砜及其代谢产物残留量的液相色谱串联质谱法测定

建立了动物组织中氨苯砜及其代谢产物N-乙酰氨苯砜的液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱检测方法(HPLC-ESI MS/MS).采用YMC-Pack Pro C18(3 μm,100 mm×2.0 mm i.d.)反相色谱柱,以碱性乙腈为提取液,以HLB和MCX固相萃取柱为净化柱,乙腈-水为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速0.3 mL/min,以正离子多反应监测模式测定,同位素内标法定量,进样量15 μL.方法的定量下限为0.5 μg/kg,线性范围为0.5 ～5.0 μg/kg,加标回收率为92% ～103%,相对标准偏差为4.8% ～11.0%.该法具有灵敏、准确等优点,适用于动物组织中氨苯砜及其代谢产物N-乙酰氨苯砜残留的确证检测.     

在线净化-超高效液相色谱同位素稀释串联质谱法检测蜂蜜中硝基咪唑类及其代谢物的残留

建立了在线净化( TurboFlow, TF)-超高效液相色谱同位素稀释串联质谱法检测蜂蜜中硝基咪唑类及其代谢物(甲硝唑,羟基甲硝唑,二甲硝咪唑,羟基二甲硝咪唑,洛硝哒唑,异并硝唑,羟基异并硝唑,奥硝唑)的方法。以0.1％甲酸溶解样品后,进入TF-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱系统分析,以内标法定量。对影响净化的条件如TF净化柱、流动相、洗脱溶液等进行优化。确定以Cyclone-P为净化柱,Hypersil GOLD aQ为分析柱,乙腈-0.1％甲酸溶液为流动相,电喷雾正离子选择反应监测模式( ESI+)检测。结果表明,在0.1~50μg/L范围内,目标化合物线性关系良好(相关系数均大于0.997),其定量限如下：奥硝唑、异并硝唑为0.1μg/kg;甲硝唑、羟基甲硝唑、二甲硝咪唑、洛硝哒唑和羟基异并硝唑为0.2μg/kg;羟基二甲硝咪唑为1.0μg/kg。本方法在4个水平的添加回收率为73.7％~116.4％,RSD为1.1％~9.1％。本方法简便、快速、结果准确可靠,并成功应用于实际样品中硝基咪唑及其代谢物残留的测定。     

高效液相-电喷雾串联质谱法测定动物肌肉组织中的糖皮质激素

本实验建立了肌肉组织中氢化可的松、可的松、泼尼松和地塞米松含量的高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(LC-ESI-MS/MS)检测方法.样品经酶水解、乙酸乙酯提取、HLB固相萃取净化,C8色谱柱分离,在多反应选择性监测模式(MRM)下采用负离子模式进行信号采集和测定.4种糖皮质激素的检出限为0.13 ～0.25 μg/kg,定量限为0.25 ～ 0.5 μg/kg.在0.5～50.0 μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系(R2＞0.99).在0.5,5.0和10.0μg/kg基质加标水平下,4种物质的平均回收率为74.0％ ～ 101.8％,相对标准偏差0.7％ ～8.6％.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。