分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定猪肉中的10种利尿剂

建立了一种高效液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)同时测定猪肉中氢氯噻嗪、氯噻嗪、氨苯喋啶、丙磺舒、氯噻酮、乙酰唑胺、呋塞米、精磺胺、螺内酯、坎利酮10种利尿剂残留的新方法。样品均质后,加入2 g KH_2PO_4和10 mL乙腈提取,提取液经分散固相萃取方法净化,高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测,外标法定量。结果表明,氢氯噻嗪、氯噻嗪、氨苯喋啶、丙磺舒、氯噻酮在5～100μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.998,方法检出限为2.00μg/kg;乙酰唑胺、呋塞米、精磺胺、螺内酯、坎利酮在10～200μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.998,方法检出限为5.00μg/kg。对空白猪肉样品进行3个浓度水平的加入回收实验,10种利尿剂的回收率在72.5%～108.3%范围,相对标准偏差为6.54%～10.71%。本文所建立的方法具有快速、灵敏、定性定量准确等特点,可快速测定猪肉中上述10种利尿剂残留。     

气相色谱-质谱法确证分析饲料中6种利尿剂的研究

研究建立了气相色谱.质谱确证分析配合饲料中依他尼酸、氢氟噻嗪、氯噻嗪、呋噻米、氯噻酮和氢氯噻嗪等6种利尿剂的方法.本研究用磷酸盐缓冲液和甲醇混合提取液提取饲料中6种利尿剂,通过液液提取净化,在碳酸钾催化下用碘甲烷衍生,气相色谱-质谱定性和定量分析.确定了磷酸盐缓冲液和甲醇的提取体系,优化了6种利尿剂的色谱分离条件和质谱检测条件.在优化条件下,6种利尿剂线性范围为0.05～1.0μg/mL,线性相关系数高于0.99,方法的定量限为0.5μg/g.在饲料样品中,不同添加浓度水平回收率高于57.6%,相对标准偏差低于12%.该方法适用于饲料样品中6种利尿剂的定性和定量分析.     

人尿中美托拉宗的液相色谱-质谱研究

美托拉宗(metolazone)是一种较新的利尿剂[1],在2004年国际反兴奋剂的禁用表中明确提出禁用.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测猪血浆中的12种利尿剂

建立了在猪血浆中同时检测乙酰唑胺、坎利酮、氯噻酮、呋塞米等12种利尿剂的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。样品经乙腈提取，提取液通过固相萃取柱净化，净化后的样品溶液氮吹浓缩复溶后上机测定。采用C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.0 mm, 3μm),以0.5 mmol/L甲酸铵溶液-甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱。通过多反应检测(MRM),在正负离子模式下进行分析，基质匹配外标法定量。结果表明，12种利尿剂药物在2～100μg/L范围内线性关系良好，相关系数均大于0.999。方法检出限为0.6～1.2μg/L,定量限为2.0～4.0μg/L。在2、10、100μg/L(4-氨基-6-氯-1,3苯二磺酰胺为4、20、200μg/L)3个添加水平下的平均回收率为72.1%～95.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为2.0%～8.4%。该方法具有操作简单、灵敏度高、重现性好等优点，可用于同时检测猪血浆中的12种利尿剂。     

高效液相色谱/二极管阵列检测法快速测定育发类化妆品中8种违禁药物

建立了一种简单、快速同时测定育发类化妆品中8种违禁药物的分析方法。样品经甲醇提取后采用HLB固相萃取小柱净化,甲醇复溶后用Agilent Poroshell 120 Bonus-RP色谱柱分离,以10 mmol/L乙酸铵-甲醇作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器进行检测,可同时对米诺地尔、雌三醇、螺内酯、坎利酮、雌酮、雌二醇、己烯雌酚、黄体酮8种违禁药物进行定性和定量分析。在优化实验条件下,8种药物在0.5～100 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,空白育发类化妆品在5.0、10.0、50.0 mg/kg 3个加标水平下的回收率为80%～96%,相对标准偏差为3.7%～8.9%。方法的定量下限(S/N=10)除螺内酯和黄体酮为2.0 mg/kg外,其余均为5.0 mg/kg。该方法简单、快速、准确,可满足育发类化妆品中8种违禁药物的检测要求。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱同时检测血样中4种卡西酮类新精神活性物质

建立了同时检测血样中3,4-亚甲二氧基甲卡西酮(Methylone)、3,4-亚甲二氧基乙卡西酮(Ethylone)、4-氯甲卡西酮(4-CMC)、4-氯乙卡西酮(4-CEC)4种卡西酮类新精神活性物质的超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法(UHPLC-QTOF MS/MS)。取0.5 mL血液,按体积比5∶2∶13将血液、水和乙腈混合,涡旋振荡1 min,以12 000 r/min离心15 min将蛋白沉淀,取上清液待测。采用Acquity UPLC-BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm)分离,0.1%甲酸-水(5 mmol/L乙酸铵)和乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用多反应监测(MRM)模式,正离子［M+H］+扫描检测。结果表明,4种目标药物在5~500 ng/mL 质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,检出限为2 ng/mL,定量下限为5 ng/mL,回收率为87.3%~111%,日内和日间相对标准偏差分别不大于81%和86%。该方法可同时检测血样中4种卡西酮类新精神活性物质,满足实际检验需要。     

高效液相色谱法分析啤酒花浸膏中的6种酸性成分

建立了啤酒花浸膏中6种酸性成分(合葎草酮、葎草酮、加葎草酮、合蛇麻酮、蛇麻酮、加蛇麻酮)的高效液相色谱分析方法.分别考察了酸的加入、有机相种类及柱温对色谱分离效果的影响.在室温条件下,以Hypersil ODS2柱(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm)为分析柱,以乙腈-0.1％(v/v)磷酸水溶液(pH 2.2)(...     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定尿液中的内源性类固醇激素

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定尿液中的内源性类固醇激素的方法。尿样经葡萄糖醛酸甙酶酶解后进行液-液提取,以甲醇-0.1%甲酸缓冲液(含0.02 mol/L乙酸铵)(体积比为68:32)为流动相,采用Cosmosil C18色谱柱分离,并以三重四极杆串联质谱多反应监测扫描方式对尿样中的脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)、睾酮、表睾酮、雄酮和苯胆烷醇酮等5种激素进行检测。方法的最低检出限为0.01～10 ng/mL,平均回收率为96.7%～106.5%,日内和日间相对标准偏差(RSD)分别小于7%和11%。应用所建立的方法测定了健康志愿者口服DHEA后尿液中内源性类固醇激素的变化情况,结果表明该方法样品处理简便,色谱分离完全,结果准确可靠,可替代气相色谱-质谱法用于体液中内源性类固醇激素兴奋剂的常规分析。     

高效液相色谱-紫外检测法测定人体尿液中的蝶呤-6-羧酸

建立了人体尿液中蝶呤-6-羧酸的高效液相色谱-紫外分析新方法. 运用Lichrospher C18柱(250×4.6 mm,5 μm),甲醇-水(70∶30,V/V)为流动相,流速为0.4 mL/min,可较好地将尿液中蝶呤-6-羧酸与其它共存干扰物质分离.在355 nm检测波长下,蝶呤-6-羧酸在0.19～4.8 μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好线性关系,相关系数为0.9999,方法检出限为0.015 μg/mL.尿液经0.45 μm滤膜过滤后,可直接进样分析,方法简便,应用于癌症病人和健康人尿样中蝶呤-6-羧酸测定,结果较好.方法的加标回收率为94.6%～100.2%,相对标准偏差为0.81%～ 5.07% .     

填充毛细管电色谱手性分离

采用两种毛细管填充电色谱手性分离模式 ,在短时间内对 3种手性化合物进行成功拆分 :( 1 )用匀浆法制成 75 μm内径的 β CD固定相填充电色谱柱 ,考察了电压、缓冲溶液pH值和有机添加剂浓度对该柱电渗流 (EOF)和两种手性物质分离的影响 .手性化合物安息香 (benzoin)和手性药物美芬妥因 (mephenytoin)在有效长度为6 2cm的β CD填充柱中获得快速、高效的分离 .安息香的最高柱效达 3.2万理论塔板数 /m ,最大分离度Rs 为 1 42 ,美芬妥因的最高柱效达 4 5万理论塔板数 /m ,最大分离度Rs 为 3 40 ,特别是美芬妥因在 1 5kV电压下 3 4min内获得Rs=2 .6 0和N1=2 .1万理论塔板数 /m的分离结果 . ( 2 )用匀浆法制成 75 μm内径的ODS填充电色谱柱 ,在该柱上用二甲基 β CD (DM β CD)作流动相手性添加剂 ,施加 1 0kV电压在1 2min内使手性药物心得安 (propranolol)得到基线分离 ,柱效达 8 1万理论塔板数 /m .     

Determination of Diuretics in Urine Using Immobilized Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Hollow Fiber Liquid‐Phase Microextraction Combined with Liquid Chromatography‐Tandem Mass Spectrometry

A novel technique utilizing the adsorptive potential of immobilized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (I‐MWCNT) in hollow fiber liquid‐phase microextraction (HF‐LPME) was developed for the determination of diuretics in urine. In this study, the potential of carbon nanotubes as a sorbent for three‐phase liquid‐phase microextraction of diuretics from urine samples was evaluated. Analysis was performed using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). A novel method was applied to detect acetazolamide (AAA), chlorothiazide (CTA), hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), hydroflumethiazide (HFT), clopamide (CA), trichlormethiazide (TCM), althiazide (AT) and bendroflumethiazide (BFT) in urine. Two‐step extractions using different times and temperatures for each step were adopted. Parameters influencing the extraction efficiency, including the extraction solvent, sample pH, salt concentration, extraction time and extraction temperature were systematically optimized. Under the resulting optimal extraction conditions, this method showed good linearity over an analytes concentration range of 1 to 1000 ng/mL, high extraction repeatability with relative standard deviations of less than 6%, and low detection limits (0.09 to 0.51 ng/mL). The application of the methods to the determination of diuretics in real samples was tested by analyzing urine samples of patient.     

Liquid-phase microextration combined with liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry for detecting diuretics in urine

Trace amounts of diuretics were determined in human urine by hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) combined with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) in this study. Chromatography was performed on a C(8) reversed-phase column. A 25 microL n-octanol was used to extract analytes in urine. Extraction was optimized using a pH 2 solution spiked with 0.15 g/mL NaCl for 40 min at 40 degrees C with 1010 rpm stirring. The limits of detection of diuretics in urine were 0.3-6.8 ng/mL, and linearity range was 1-1000 ng/mL. Recoveries of spiked 50 ng/mL diuretics were 97.7-102.5%. The intra-day precision and inter-day precision were 3-18% and 4-21%, respectively. The diuretics concentration profiles in patient urine were also determined. The results of this study reveal the adequacy of LPME-LC-MS/MS method for analyzing diuretics in urine and quantification limits exceed World Anti-Doping Agency requirements.     

Analysis of abuse drugs in urine using surfactant-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction

The process of surfactant-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (SA-DLLME) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-UV detection was successfully applied for the extraction and determination of selected cannabinoids (cannabidiol, Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, and cannabinol) in urine samples. The effective parameters on the extraction efficiency were studied and optimized utilizing two different optimization methods: one variable at a time (OVAT) and face center design (FCD). Under the optimum conditions (extraction solvent and its volume, toluene, 85 μL; disperser agent and its concentration, 1.0 mL of ultra-pure water containing 0.5 mmol/L tetradecyl tremethyl ammonium bromide (TTAB); sample pH, 2.0 and salt concentration, 11% w/v NaCl), the limits of detection of the method were in the range of 0.1-0.5 μg/L and the repeatability and reproducibility of the proposed method, expressed as relative deviation, varied between 4.1 and 8.5% and 6.7 and 11.6%, respectively. Linearity was found to be in the range of 1.0-200 μg/L and under the optimum conditions, the preconcentration factors (PFs) were between 190 and 292. This proposed method was successfully applied in the analysis of three male advocate urine samples and good recoveries were obtained.     

A new method for screening and determination of diuretics by on-line CE-ESI-MS

A rapid, high-resolution and effective new method for analyzing 12 diuretics by CE-ESI-MS was established in this paper. Ten diuretics (except two neutral compounds) could be fast separated by CE with a DAD at 214 nm with a 20 kV voltage within 6 min, using a 50 microm id and 48.5 cm effective length uncoated fused-silica capillary in a 40 mM ammonium formate buffer (pH 9.40). CE was coupled to the mass spectrometer applying an orthogonal electrospray interface with a triple-tube sheath liquid arrangement. The sheath liquid was composed of isopropanol-water (1:1 v/v) containing 30 mM acetic acid with a flow rate of 4 microL/min. Mass spectrum was employed in the positive mode and both full scan mode and SIM scan mode were utilized. All 12 diuretics could be detected and confirmed by MS in a single analysis. Under optimized conditions, LODs for the 12 diuretics were in the range of 0.13-2.7 micromol/L at an S/N of 3, and the correlation coefficients R(2 )were between 0.9921 and 0.9978. The RDSs (n = 5) of the method was 0.24-0.94 % for migration times and 1.6-8.8 % for peak areas. The recoveries of spiked samples of 12 diuretics were between 72.4% and 118%. The real urine samples were injected directly for analysis, with only simple filtration through a 0.22 microm membrane filter in order to remove solid particles, which may cause capillary blockage. Based on the migration times and characteristic ions, the diuretics in urine samples were detected successfully. This CE-ESI-MS method for analyzing diuretics will hopefully be applied to doping control.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定血浆与尿液中12种脂溶性贝类毒素

生物样品中脂溶性贝类毒素的检测,可为食物中毒等突发公共卫生事件的流行病学调查以及中毒者的临床救治提供技术支持。目前的研究存在目标化合物少,以及方法前处理复杂、灵敏度低等问题。该研究通过优化前处理和色谱分离技术,建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血浆、尿液中12种脂溶性贝类毒素的方法。实验对提取试剂以及流动相的选择进行了优化,采用乙腈对尿液和血浆样品进行提取。采用Phenomenex Kinetex C18色谱柱(50 mm×3 mm, 2.6 μm)进行分离,以0.05%(v/v)氨水水溶液、90%(v/v)乙腈水溶液为流动相,以流速0.40 mL/min梯度洗脱时,12种目标化合物分离效果最好。串联质谱的离子源为电喷雾离子(ESI)源,采用多反应监测(MRM)模式检测。12种目标物的基质效应均在0.8~1.1之间,表明该前处理方法的基质干扰低,采用外标法可对化合物进行准确定量。12种贝类毒素的线性范围为0.03~36.25 μg/L,相关系数均大于0.995。尿液检测的方法定量限为0.23~0.63 μg/L,血浆检测的方法定量限为0.31~0.84 μg/L。3个加标水平的回收率为72.7%~124.1%,日内精密度为2.1%~20.0%,日间精密度为2.1%~15.3%。利用该方法检测健康人尿液和血浆样本,以及经腹腔注射12种贝类毒素的小鼠尿液和血液样本。20份健康人样本中未检出目标物,20份小鼠样本中12种贝类毒素均有检出。该方法操作简便,样品取样量少,方法灵敏高,适用于血浆和尿液中脂溶性贝类毒素的快速检测。     

Simultaneous determination of tetrahydropalmatine and tetrahydroberberine in rat urine using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV detection was applied in rat urine for the extraction and determination of tetrahydropalmatine (THP) and tetrahydroberberine (THB), both active components in Rhizoma corydalis. Various parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, such as the type and volume of extraction and dispersive solvent, pH, etc. were evaluated. Under the optimal conditions (extraction solvent: 37 μL of chloroform, dispersive solvent: 100 μL of methanol, alkaline with 100 μL of 1 mol/L NaOH, and without salt addition), the enrichment factors of THP and THB were more than 30. The extraction recoveries were 69.8-75.8% and 72.7-77.6% for THP and THB in rat urine, respectively. Both THP and THB showed good linearity in the range of 0.025-2.5 μg/mL, and the limit of quantification was 0.025 μg/mL (S/N=10, n=6). The intra-day and inter-day precision of THP and THB were <12.6%. The relative recoveries ranged from 95.5 to 107.4% and 96.8 to 100.9% for THP and THB in rat urine, respectively. The method has been successfully applied to rat urine samples. The results demonstrated that DLLME is a very simple, rapid and efficient method for the extraction and preconcentration of THP and THB from urine samples.     

有机悬浮固化分散液-液微萃取测定水样中痕量铅

建立了以二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠为配位剂,十二醇为萃取剂,乙醇为分散剂的悬浮固化分散液-液微萃取—火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水样中痕量铅的方法。详细探讨了影响萃取效率的因素。优化条件为:二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠的用量为10-6 mol,十二醇体积为90.00μL,乙醇体积为1.00 mL,pH为7.00。在最佳条件下,铅的检出限为1.12μg/L,富集倍率为16.00,线性范围5.00～600.00μg/L,对含有20.00μg/L和600.00μg/L Pb的标准溶液平行萃取测定11次,测定结果的RSD分别为3.73%和2.62%。本方法应用于自来水、河水及海水中痕量铅的分析,加标回收率为90.10%～100.70%。     

SPE coupled with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by GC with flame ionization detection for the determination of ultra‐trace amounts of benzodiazepines

SPE combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextration was used for the extraction of ultra‐trace amounts of benzodiazepines (BZPs) including, diazepam, midazolam, and alprazolam, from ultra‐pure water, tap water, fruit juices, and urine samples. The analytes were adsorbed from large volume samples (60 mL) onto octadecyl silica SPE columns. After the elution of the desired compounds from sorbents with 2.0 mL acetone, 0.5 mL of eluent containing 40.0 μL chloroform was injected rapidly into 4.5 mL pure water. After extraction and centrifugation, 2 μL of the sedimented phase was injected into a GC equipped with a flame ionization detector. Several parameters affecting this process were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, LODs ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 μg/L, a linear dynamic range of 0.1–100 μg/L and relative SDs in the range of 4.4–10.7% were attained. Very high preconcentration factors ranging from 3895–7222 were achieved. The applicability of the method for the extraction of BZPs from different types of complicated matrices, such as tap water, fruit juices, and urine samples, was studied. The obtained results reveal that the proposed method is a good technique for the extraction and determination of BZPs in complex matrices.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血浆与尿液中14种麻痹性贝类毒素北大核心CSCD

人体生物基质中麻痹性贝类毒素的检测对其引起的食物中毒诊断和救治具有重要意义。研究建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血浆、尿液中14种麻痹性贝类毒素的分析方法。实验比较了不同固相萃取柱的影响,优化了前处理条件和色谱条件,血浆样品采用0.2 mL水、0.4 mL甲醇、0.6 mL乙腈提取后直接上机测定,尿液样品采用0.2 mL水、0.4 mL甲醇、0.6 mL乙腈提取,聚酰胺(PA)固相萃取柱净化后上机测定。采用Poroshell 120 HILIC-Z色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.7μm)对14种贝类毒素进行分离,流动相为含0.1%(v/v)甲酸的5 mmoL/L甲酸铵缓冲溶液和0.1%(v/v)甲酸乙腈溶液,流速为0.50 mL/min。在电喷雾模式(ESI)下进行正负离子扫描,采用多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,外标法定量。结果表明,对于血浆和尿液样品,14种贝类毒素分别在0.24~84.06 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.995。尿液检测的定量限为4.80~34.40 ng/mL,血浆检测的定量限为1.68~12.04 ng/mL。尿液和血浆样品在1、2和10倍定量限加标水平下平均回收率为70.4%~123.4%,日内精密度为2.3%~19.1%,日间精密度为4.0%~16.2%。应用建立的方法对腹腔注射14种贝类毒素小鼠血浆和尿液进行测定,20份血浆样本中检出含量分别为19.40~55.60μg/L和8.75~13.86μg/L。该方法操作简便,样品取样量少,方法灵敏度高,适用于血浆和尿液中麻痹性贝类毒素的快速检测。     

An expedient reverse‐phase high‐performance chromatography (RP‐HPLC) based method for high‐throughput analysis of deferoxamine and ferrioxamine in urine

The present study was planned to optimize and validate an expedient reverse‐phase high chromatography (RP‐HPLC) based protocol for the analysis of deferoxamine (DFO) and ferrioxamine (FO) in urinary execration of patients suffering β ‐thalassemia major. The optimized RP‐HPLC method was found to be linear over the wide range of DFO and FO concentration (1–90 μg/mL) with appreciable recovery rates (79.64–97.30%) of quality controls at improved detection and quantitation limits and acceptable inter and intraday variability. Real‐time analysis of DFO and FO in the urine of thalassemic patients (male and female) at different intervals of Desferal®(Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation) injection revealed DFO and FO excretion at significantly (p < 0) different rates. The maximum concentrations of DFO (76.7 ± 3.06 μg/mL) and FO (74.2 ± 3.25 μg/mL) were found in urine samples, collected after 6 h of drug infusion while the minimum levels of DFO (1.10 ± 0.12 μg/mL) and FO (2.97 ± 0.13 μg/mL) were excreted by patients after 24 h. The present paper offers balanced conditions for an expedient, reliable and quick determination of DFO and FO in urine samples.