分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定猪肉中的10种利尿剂

建立了一种高效液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)同时测定猪肉中氢氯噻嗪、氯噻嗪、氨苯喋啶、丙磺舒、氯噻酮、乙酰唑胺、呋塞米、精磺胺、螺内酯、坎利酮10种利尿剂残留的新方法。样品均质后,加入2 g KH_2PO_4和10 mL乙腈提取,提取液经分散固相萃取方法净化,高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测,外标法定量。结果表明,氢氯噻嗪、氯噻嗪、氨苯喋啶、丙磺舒、氯噻酮在5～100μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.998,方法检出限为2.00μg/kg;乙酰唑胺、呋塞米、精磺胺、螺内酯、坎利酮在10～200μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.998,方法检出限为5.00μg/kg。对空白猪肉样品进行3个浓度水平的加入回收实验,10种利尿剂的回收率在72.5%～108.3%范围,相对标准偏差为6.54%～10.71%。本文所建立的方法具有快速、灵敏、定性定量准确等特点,可快速测定猪肉中上述10种利尿剂残留。     

皮革和纺织品中重叠峰偶氮染料的气相色谱-串联质谱检测技术

建立了气相色谱-串联质谱一次进样同时检测重叠峰偶氮染料的分析方法.皮革和纺织品中的偶氮染料用柠檬酸盐缓冲液提取,再用连二亚硫酸钠将其还原裂解为胺类物质,经液-液萃取、浓缩处理,所得残渣用甲醇溶解,通过VF-5ms色谱柱分离,采用串联质谱的多反应监测模式开设多通道存储子离子信息,进行定性、定量分析.实验结果表明:优化质谱分析条件后,气相色谱一串联质谱可进一步消除杂质干扰,分离共流出组分.大部分芳香胺3种浓度水平的加标回收率(n=6)保持在71%～94%之间,检测限为0.008～0.672μg/mL(S/N=3),相对标准偏差(n=6)小于11%,2～50μg/mL浓度范围内线性相关系数大于0.9917,满足禁用偶氮染料的分析要求.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定化妆品中的三氯叔丁醇

建立了测定化妆品中三氯叔丁醇的气相色谱-质谱分析方法.膏霜、水剂、散粉、香波、唇膏等不同类型的化妆品样品加入50％甲醇-无水乙醇或无水乙醇超声提取后,样品提取液高速离心处理,取上清液经无水硫酸钠脱水,进行气相色谱-质谱定性及定量分析.选用DB-1701(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)石英毛细管柱,程序升温,流...     

池塘底泥中合成激素的气相色谱-质谱测定

应用气相色谱-质谱联用技术,建立了底泥中合成激素炔雌醇、左炔诺孕酮和炔诺酮的分析方法,优化了前处理条件.样品经超声提取、层析净化、衍生化后,用气相色谱-质潜进行定性和定量分析.3种合成激素在0.5～40 mg/L的质量浓度范围内具有良好的线性,检出限分别为炔雌醇0.8μg/kg、左炔诺孕酮0.6μg/kg和炔诺酮0.9μg/kg,加标回收率在68%～99%之间,丰目对标准偏差在1.7%～5.4%之间.     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定果蔬中6种砷形态

建立了一种同时测定果蔬中亚砷酸根、砷酸根、砷胆碱、砷甜菜碱、一甲基砷酸和二甲基砷酸等6种砷形态的高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱分析方法。样品经甲醇水提取,采用阴离子分析柱,50 mmol/L碳酸铵溶液和水作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,高效液相色谱分离,电感耦合等离子体质谱进行定性和定量分析。在0.5～50μg/kg范围内...     

全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱法定性筛查鱼肉组织中含卤有机污染物

采用全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱(GC×GC-TOFMS),建立了鱼肉样品中含卤有机污染物的定性和定量分析方法.鱼肉样品用正己烷丙酮(1∶1,V/V)提取,凝胶色谱和复合硅胶柱净化,浓缩富集,全二维气相色谱联用飞行时间质谱(DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱联HT-8色谱柱)检测.软件自动识别后,经三步筛查,共鉴定出含氯或溴化合物72种,其中包括33种多氯联苯,9种有机氯农药,4种多溴联苯醚,4种DDT代谢产物,2种氯代茴香醚,2种氯苯乙烯,1种氯代茴香硫醚及1种甲基三氯生.另外,从质谱信息上看,有16种化合物明显含氯或含溴,但是因为缺少必要的谱库信息不能准确识别.采用外标定量法,对鱼肉样品中检出的主要的10种多氯联苯和1种多溴联苯醚进行了准确定量分析.     

毛细管气相色谱法测定化妆品中的酞酸酯

建立了用毛细管气相色谱配氢火焰离子化检测器测定化妆品中6种酞酸酯(邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯(DOP))的方法。样品用甲醇超声提取,经高速冷冻离心,清液经干燥脱水过0.5 μm滤膜过滤,直接注入气相色谱仪进行分析。然后,经过气相色谱-电子电离-质谱检测分析,确证气相色谱-氢火焰检测的阳性检出结果。用保留时间定性,外标法定量。6种酞酸酯的回收率为82.90%～     

气相色谱-质谱法测定化妆品中的丙烯腈

建立了化妆品中丙烯腈的气相色谱-质谱分析方法.不同类型的化妆品样品中加入甲醇超声提取,经高速离心处理浓缩后,采用Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化,1 mL 20%甲醇溶液淋洗,3 mL 80%甲醇溶液洗脱,收集洗脱液,浓缩后经无水硫酸钠脱水,进行气相色谱-质谱定性及定量分析.选用HP-INNOWax(60 m×0.25...     

多次溶剂萃取-气相色谱/串联质谱法测定热熔胶中的多环芳烃

建立了热熔胶中16种多环芳烃( PAHs)的多次溶剂萃取-气相色谱/串联质谱测定方法。详细研究了样品的萃取条件、净化条件和气相色谱/串联质谱测定条件,并与气相色谱-质谱法进行了对比。样品以10 mL正己烷为萃取溶剂,于60℃超声萃取20 min,萃取液依次经冷冻后离心、二甲基亚砜萃取2次、正己烷反萃取2次进行净化,得到的净化液以气相色谱/串联质谱法多反应监测( MRM)模式进行检测。本方法的线性相关系数( R2)均大于0.9969,检出限为1.0~10μg/kg,精密度小于6.3%,16种PAHs的加标回收率为80.4%~117.6%。考察了串联质谱检测的基质效应,发现基质效应不明显。本方法检出限优于气相色谱-质谱法(23~94μg/kg),并能增加定性和定量分析的准确性。本方法灵敏、准确可靠,满足热熔胶中PAHs测试要求。     

事蔬菜中残留三嗪农药的检测

建立了同时检测西红柿中11种三嗪除草剂残留量的高效液相色谱-紫外检测-质谱定性法.样品经纯水-甲醇提取,C12固相萃取柱净化,然后采用高效液相/紫外/质谱检测法测定,液相外标法定量.对样品前处理和色谱条件进行了研究和优化.11种三嗪除草剂在0.02×10-6～1.0×10-6 g/mL范围内的线性良好,相关系数为0.998 7～0.999 9,在0.01～0.1μg/g范围内,平均添加回收率在72.1%～101.0%,相对标准偏差为1.2%～5.1%.方法简便、快速、净化效果好.     

Determination of Fluoroquinolones in Animal Feed by Ion Pair High-performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection

A sensitive and simple method is described for the determination of fluoroquinolones by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a C18 column and fluorescence detection. The mobile phase was acetonitrile and 0.025M phosphate acid with 0.0025M sodium 1-heptanesulfonate monohydrate in water with a gradient program. The chromatographic conditions were optimized for the determination of ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, sarafloxacin, and flumequine in animal feed. The samples were extracted by a hydrochloric acid and acetonitrile followed by dilution in 0.01M oxalic acid at pH 4.0 and purified by solid-phase extraction. The procedure was validated by fortifying feed at 200, 1000, and 2000?µg/kg. The limits of detection and quantification were from 28.5 to 74.7 and 31.7 to 94.6?µg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries for fluoroquinolones were from 89.7 to 100.3%. The method was validated and shown to be efficient and precise for quantification of fluoroquinolones in animal feed. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the method for routine use to monitor these substances in feed.     

Analysis of fluoroquinolones in animal feeds by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

An analytical method for the analysis of six fluoroquinolones (FQs) in animal feeds was developed. The sample treatment consists of a simple and rapid extraction of the analytes by manual shaking with an acetonitrile-water mixture containing hydrochloric acid without further sample cleanup. Matrix effects were minimized by diluting the extract with water. Determination was carried out by liquid chromatography using fluorimetric detection. The method was validated in-house in four different feed matrices (poultry, cow, pig, and lamb feed). Mean recoveries ranging from 80 to 105%, with relative standard deviations below 12%, were achieved from spiked animal feed samples on the 0.2-2.0 μg/g level. No relevant differences were observed between the studied feeds, this ensuring that the method was reliable for a wide variety of feed matrices. Decision limit and detection capability values are below 0.08 and 0.13 mg/kg, respectively, for most FQs. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of the analytical method developed for a routine use to control the illegal use of these substances in feeding stuffs.     

Quantitative analysis of penicillins in porcine tissues, milk and animal feed using derivatisation with piperidine and stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Penicillins are used universally in both human and veterinary medicine. The European Union (EU) has established maximum residue levels (MRLs) for most ß-lactam antibiotics in milk and animal tissues and included them in the National Residue Monitoring Programs. In this study, a novel method is described for the determination and confirmation of eight penicillins in porcine tissues, milk and animal feed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). To prevent degradation of penicillin residues during workup, a derivatisation procedure was developed, by which penicillins were converted to stable piperidine derivatives. Deuterated piperidine derivatives were synthesised for all relevant penicillins, enabling the use of isotope dilution for accurate quantification. Penicillin residues were derivatised in the crude extract with piperidine and isolated using solid-phase extraction. The penicillin piperidine derivatives were determined by LC–MS/MS. The method was validated at the current MRLs, which range from 25–300 µg kg^?1 in muscle and kidney to 4–30 µg kg^?1 in milk as well as at the target value of 100 µg kg^?1 chosen for animal feed, according to the EU requirements for a quantitative confirmatory method. Accuracy ranged from 94–113% (muscle), 83–111% (kidney) and 87–103% (milk) to 88–116% (animal feed). Intra-day precision (relative standard deviation (RSD)_r) ranged from 5–13% (muscle, n?=?18), 4–17% (kidney, n?=?7) and 5–18% (milk, n?=?7) to 11–32% (animal feed, n?=?18). Inter-day precision (RSD_RL, n?=?18) ranged from 6–23% (muscle) to 11–36% (animal feed). From the results, it was concluded that the method was fit for purpose at the target MRLs in animal tissue and target levels for animal feed.     

Liquid chromatographic method for the quantification of zearalenone in baby food and animal feed: interlaboratory study

An interlaboratory trial for determination of zearalenone (ZON) in baby food and animal feed was conducted. The study involved 39 participants in 16 European Union member states, as well as Turkey, Uruguay, and China, representing a cross-section of industry, and official food control and research institutes. The method is based on immunoaffinity column cleanup followed by high-performance liquid chromatography using fluorimetry (HPLC-FI). The test portion of the sample is extracted with methanol-water (75 + 25, v/v). The sample extract is filtered, diluted, and passed over an immunoaffinity column. ZON is eluted with methanol. The separation and determination of ZON is performed by reversed-phase HPLC-FI with an excitation wavelength of 274 nm and an emission wavelength of 446 nm. Test portions of the samples were spiked at levels of 20 and 30 microg/kg ZON in baby food and at levels of 100 and 150 microg/kg ZON in animal feed. Mean recoveries from each participant ranged from 78 to 119% with an average value of 92% for baby food and from 51 to 122% with an average value of 74% for animal feed. Based on results for spiked samples (blind duplicates at 2 levels), as well as naturally contaminated samples (blind duplicates at 3 levels), the relative standard deviation for repeatability (RSDr) in baby food ranged from 2.8 to 9.0%. For animal feed, this value ranged from 5.7 to 9.5%. The relative standard deviation for reproducibility (RSDR) in baby food ranged from 8.2 to 13.3%, and for animal feed this value ranged from 15.5 to 21.4%. The Horwitz ratio (HorRat) in baby food ranged from 0.3 to 0.4, and for animal feed this value ranged from 0.6 to 0.9. The method showed acceptable within- and between-laboratory precision for each matrix, as required by European legislation.     

Liquid chromatographic determination of deoxynivalenol in baby food and animal feed: interlaboratory study

An interlaboratory study was conducted for the determination of deoxynivalenol in baby food and animal feed by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The study included 14 participants representing a cross section of industry, official food control, and research facilities. Mean recoveries reported ranged from 89% (at 120 microg/kg) to 85% (at 240 microg/kg) for baby food and from 100% (at 200 microg/kg) to 93% (at 400 microg/kg) for animal feed. On the basis of the results for spiked samples (blind duplicates at 2 levels), as well as those for naturally contaminated samples (blind duplicates at 3 levels), the relative standard deviation for repeatability (RSDr) in analyses of baby food ranged from 6.4 to 14.0% and in analyses of animal feed, from 6.1 to 16.5%. The relative standard deviation for reproducibility (RSDR) in analyses of baby food ranged from 9.4 to 19.5% and in analyses of animal feed, from 10.5 to 25.2%. The HorRat values ranged from 0.4 to 1.0 and from 0.7 to 1.3, for baby food and animal feed, respectively. The method showed acceptable performance for within-laboratory and between-laboratory precision for each matrix, as required by European legislation.     

Spectral library validation to identify ingredients of compound feedingstuffs by near infrared reflectance microscopy

To guarantee feed quality and safety the development and improvement of analytical methods for feed authentication and detection of contaminants is fundamental. Near infrared reflectance microscopy (NIRM) has been investigated as an alternative method to contribute to control systems for feed materials. The major task is the need to build NIRM reference spectral libraries that must represent the variability in feed ingredients. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the performance of a NIRM reference spectral library on animal feed, with external samples of animal feed ingredients and possible contaminants such as processed animal proteins, and in particular to assess its ability to identify ingredients in mixtures. Three external sample sets were used: (A) artificial mixtures, (B) synthetic mixtures and (C) synthetic binary mixtures. The prediction and repeatability results for set A, in which the spectra are from pure ingredients, were very good for both animal and vegetable ingredients and confirm that the spectral library is very good at identifying spectra from pure ingredients. For sets B and C, in which the spectra were measured on mixtures, the prediction results were very disappointing compared with the artificial samples. This means that a strategy that tries to match the spectra taken from a mixture with those of pure ingredients is unlikely to meet with much success. It is possible that an interpolation between pure ingredients for suitably chosen spectral ranges may provide a way to extend this system to mixtures, including mixtures of several ingredients.     

Proficiency testing of animal nutrition laboratories

The Embrapa Cattle-Southeast research unit conducts a program to compare the results provided by laboratories that perform animal feed analyses. Fifty-two laboratories, representing all the Brazilian regions, have participated in the program. The assays included are those normally carried out by animal nutrition laboratories on animal feed and mineral supplements, a total of 22 different analyses. Four rounds of the program are performed annually. Each package provided to the laboratories for testing contains three kinds of animal feed (three each of forage and commercial feed), along with three mineral supplements. For the evaluation of assigned values and standard deviation, the median and robust standard deviation of the participants’ results are used. This paper reports the experience in coordinating the Brazilian interlaboratory comparison exercise.     

Validation study of a lateral-flow immunoassay for detection of ruminant by-product material in animal feeds and feed ingredients

An immunoassay with a lateral flow format has been developed for the detection of ruminant by-product material in animal feeds and feed ingredients. The test is designed for the analysis of animal feeds destined for feeding to ruminants to ensure that they do not contain ruminant by-products in violation of the ruminant-to-ruminant feed ban established by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1997. This feed ban was established as a firewall against exposure of ruminant livestock animals to the prion agents responsible for neurological diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie. The test is designed for field use, e.g., at a feed mill, and yields a qualitative (presence/absence) result in 15-20 min. The objective of the study was to validate the lateral-flow test for detection of ruminant by-product material in a variety of finished animal feeds and feed ingredients. Results indicate that the test is specific for ruminant material and can detect as little as 1% ruminant material in these commodities.     

近红外反射光谱技术在动物营养研究中的应用进展

介绍了近红外反射光谱(NIRS)技术的基本原理,着重评述了其在动物营养研究中的评价动物饲料及日粮的营养价值、估测动物采食量及消化性能、估测动物的营养健康状况等方面的应用进展(引用文献37篇)。     

Development of analytical SFE of a polar drug from an animal food matrix

The applicability of supercritical CO₂ extraction as a quantitative method for recovery of a hypolipidemic drug from an animal food matrix has been evaluated. Off-line extraction with solid phase trapping and solvent rinsing has been utilized. An optimized method for quantitative extraction of the pure drug was initially developed with high reproducibility. Three drug/rat feed matrices were examined. The as-received “crystalline matrix” yielded the poorest reproducibility suggestive of a heterogeneous matrix. A laboratory-prepared crystalline drug/feed matrix and a matrix prepared by spiking the animal feed with a solution of the drug gave ten-fold better RSDs than the “crystalline matrix”.