气相色谱-质谱法测定肝脏组织中盐酸克伦特罗和盐酸菜克多巴胺

建立了同时测定动物肝组织中盐酸克伦特罗和盐酸莱克多巴胺残留量的固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱分析方法。动物肝组织样品在碱化的条件下用乙酸乙酯和异丙醇混合溶剂提取，提取液浓缩后用乙酸乙酯溶解，然后再用稀盐酸反萃取去除脂肪，调pH值后经SCX固相萃取（SPE）柱净化，洗脱液经氮气吹干后经双三甲基硅基三氟乙酰氨（BSTFA）衍生，采用选择离子模式（盐酸克伦特罗：86、212、262、277，盐酸莱克多巴胺：163、192、234、250）进行测定，外标法定量。盐酸克伦特罗和盐酸莱克多巴胺的检出限分别为0．30和1．00μg／kg。盐酸克伦特罗添加浓度在1．0～5．0μg／kg范围内，添加回收率为77．4％～88．3％；相对标准偏差（RSD）为3．1％～5．1％；盐酸莱克多巴胺添加浓度在4．0～20．0μg／kg，添加回收率为69．8％～82．1％；相对标准偏差（RSD）为3．5％～4．9％；衍生物的峰面积与被测物浓度分别在0．003～1．00mg／L和0．012～4．00mg／L范围内呈良好的线性关系，线性回归系数均大于0．999。     

固相萃取-液相色谱荧光测定动物组织中盐酸莱克多巴胺

采用固相萃取(SPE)前处理净化技术,高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定动物组织中盐酸莱克多巴胺残留量,通过对样品中待测组分的提取、净化,建立了反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)测定动物组织中盐酸莱克多巴胺残留量。线性范围为1.0~100μg/L;相关系数大于0.9998;检出限0.3μg/L;3个不同水平标准添加回收率(n=7)为89.3%~100.5%;相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.9%~5.0%。     

同位素稀释结合固相萃取快速测定动物组织中β2-兴奋剂

本文采用同位素稀释结合固相萃取技术,测定动物组织中特布他林、克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇、莱克多巴胺4种β2-兴奋剂。动物组织加同位素内标D3-沙丁胺醇和D9-克伦特罗,经甲醇提取后,正己烷脱脂,过SLS离子交换固相萃取柱净化,用BSTFA 1%(φ)TMCS衍生,采用GC/MS进行测定,内标法定量。实验表明,动物组织中添加2.0~10.0μg/kg浓度水平的β2-兴奋剂,方法回收率在72.5%~97.9%,相对标准偏差1.0%~11.4%,线性范围为12.5~500μg/L,样品中特布他林、克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇、莱克多巴胺最低检出限分别为0.5μg/kg、1.0μg/kg、0.5μg/kg和1.0μg/kg。     

GC–MS法测定猪肉样品中盐酸克伦特罗残留

建立了乙酸乙酯提取、SCX小柱净化、GC–MS分析、外标法定量的猪肉样品中盐酸克伦特罗残留的检测方法。盐酸克伦特罗在10.24~512.0 ng/mL的范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.999 7。在1.92,5.12,12.80μg/kg添加水平下的回收率为73.0%~84.8%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.3%~8.2%(n=6)。2日间3浓度点的日间平均回收率在77.1%~81.2%之间,相对偏差在1.3%~5.3%之间。该方法简便、快速,精密度和准确度较好,能满足日常大批量猪肉样品中盐酸克伦特罗残留的检测要求。     

限进印迹柱在线净化/液相色谱-串联质谱法检测动物源食品中克伦特罗与莱克多巴胺残留量

利用针对β-受体激动剂的限进型分子印迹整体柱,通过切换阀的组合和在线净化条件的优化,建立了检测动物源食品中克伦特罗和莱克多巴胺残留的在线净化/液相色谱-串联质谱法。样品经酶解和乙酸铵缓冲液提取后,由在线分子印迹柱净化,CAPCELL PAK C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,5μm)分离,多反应监测模式测定,内标法定量。克伦特罗和莱克多巴胺的定量下限分别为0.02μg/kg和0.09μg/kg。在猪肉、牛肉、香肠和奶粉中添加0.05~0.20μg/kg克伦特罗和0.5~2.0μg/kg莱克多巴胺,回收率为84.0%~103.8%,相对标准偏差小于12%。     

动物尿液中盐酸克伦特罗的分子印迹固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法研究

采用分子印迹聚合物(MIP)固相萃取小柱提取、净化并富集猪尿液中的盐酸克伦特罗分子,用N,O-双三甲基硅基三氟乙酰胺(BSTFA)衍生化,毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用(选择离子模式,选择离子为277、262、243和86)对衍生物分析。优化了MIP固相萃取柱的淋洗条件,考察了MIP固相萃取柱的净化效果和消除基体干扰能力,建立了对动物尿液中盐酸克伦特罗的定性、定量分析的方法。在优化条件下,本法检出限(LOD)为0.51μg/L,定量限(LOQ)为1.00μg/L;不同盐酸克伦特罗加入量的回收率为71.0%~89.3%;相对标准偏差为3.2%~9.7%。将该方法与农业行业标准方法比较,结果吻合较好。但该方法灵敏度和精密度高,操作更为简单、快捷。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定动物组织中残留的10种β2-兴奋剂

采用同位素稀释法并结合固相萃取技术,建立了动物组织中马布特罗、特布他林、卡布特罗、克伦特罗、西马特罗、沙丁胺醇、clenpenterol、苯氧丙酚胺、班布特罗、莱克多巴胺等10种β2-兴奋剂残留的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)检测方法。动物组织中添加同位素内标D9-克伦特罗、D3-沙丁胺醇、D5-莱克多巴胺,经无水乙醇提取、正己烷脱脂、SLS离子交换固相萃取柱净化后,用双三甲基硅基三氟乙酰胺+1%三甲基氯硅烷衍生,再进行GC-MS测定,内标法定量。结果表明,动物组织中添加2.0～10.0 μg/kg水平的β2-兴奋剂,回收率为72.8%~110.3%,相对标准偏差为1.2%~11.3%,最低检测限为0.5～1.0 μg/kg。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定动物组织中盐酸克伦特罗残留量

建立了固相萃取-气相色谱分析动物组织中盐酸克伦特罗残留量的方法．采用固相萃取,分离富集动物组织中的盐酸克伦特罗．肉样的加标回收率在70％～80％;最低检出限为1μg／kg．盐酸克伦特罗的硅烷化衍生产物,采用气相色谱(ECD检测器)检测,其衍生物的峰面积与样品浓度在0．005～1．0μg／mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归系数大于0．999．     

凝胶渗透净化/液相色谱串联质谱法测定动物源肝脏中4种β-激动剂的残留量

采用凝胶渗透净化技术,建立了用高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定动物源肝脏中克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇、莱克多巴胺、特步它林残留量的方法。样品经β-葡萄糖苷酸酶水解后,用乙酸铵溶液提取,MCX固相萃取柱和全自动凝胶渗透净化色谱仪净化,采用选择离子监控模式(SIM)检测,内标法定量。克伦特罗在0.1～10 ng/mL、莱克多巴胺、沙丁胺醇、特布他林在1～100 ng/mL质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)均大于0.999;方法的检出限和定量限分别在0.003～0.02μg/kg和0.009～0.06μg/kg之间,方法的回收率为94.7%～106.1%,相对标准偏差小于7.8%。适用于动物肝脏中克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇、莱克多巴胺、特步它林的确认和定量检测。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水产品中四环素类抗生素及盐酸克伦特罗药物残留量

建立了水产品中四环素类抗生素和盐酸克伦特罗药物残留量同时测定的高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法。样品选择NH4Ac缓冲液提取,用正己烷脱脂,PCX固相萃取柱净化,采用HPLC-MS/MS选择反应监测正离子模式测定进行定性、定量分析。四环素类抗生素和盐酸克伦特罗药物的检出限为0.25μg/kg,定量限为0.5μg/kg,RSD为1.9%~12%(n=6),加标回收率达到64.3%~100.6%。该方法在水产品中四环素类抗生素和盐酸克伦特罗的残留测定中具有很好的应用前景。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.