Installation and cosmic ray test of the high voltage system of the BESⅢ drift chamber

After examination of the designed high voltage power supply system of the BESⅢ drift chamber in the beam test of the full length prototype of drift chamber, a full system covering all the channels of high voltage was installed. The system's training and the high voltage value adjustment were carried out in the cosmic ray test of the BESⅢ drift chamber. The cosmic ray test for the full system and its final installation on the BESⅢ drift chamber were reported. The full system of high voltage power supply works stably and reliably.     

Construction and cosmic-ray test of the new inner drift chamber for BESIII

A new inner drift chamber has been built which can replace the aged part of the BESIII drift chamber when needed. The design of the new inner drift chamber can minimize the ineffective area in the very forward and backward region and hence reduce the background event rate. With this design, the new inner drift chamber is expected to have a longer lifetime and improved performance due to the lower occupancy. The endplates and the cylinder were machined with high precision. Wire stringing was performed after the mechanical structure was assembled, and good quality of wire stringing was ensured by measurement of the tension and leakage current of the wires. After completion of the physical construction of the new chamber, a cosmic-ray test was carried out to test its performance. The results of the cosmic-ray test show that the new inner chamber achieves a spatial resolution of127 μm and a d E/dx resolution of 6.4%, which satisfies the design specifications.     

Design and implementation of the detector control system for the BESⅢ drift chamber cosmic ray test

After the construction of the BESⅢ drift chamber, a long period of cosmic rays test is necessary to verify its performance. This also provides a good opportunity to integrate the detector readout electronics and Detector Control System (DCS) into a unified working system. The goal of the DCS is to guarantee reliable physics data quality and the safe operation of the detector. It monitors and controls the HV, gas, VME crates and the nvironmental variables. The upper-level system is mainly developed from LabVIEW and the lower-level system mainly uses MCU and PLC technology. The system is designed to be highly flexible and scalable so that it can be applied to other detectors with little or no change. In the immediate future, it will be integrated into the entire BESⅢ Slow Control System.     

Quality control and database on resistive plate chambers for the BESⅢ experiment

The chamber production and installation of the BESⅢ MUON identifier system have been finished. The cosmic ray test result after installation shows that the average efficiency is bigger than 95% and can meet the requirement of the design report. A database including all the chamber parameters and performance data has been constructed and is accessible online. The quality control procedures during the production and the database are described.     

Design and construction of the first prototype ionization chamber for CSNS and PA beam loss monitor （BLM） system

Design and construction of the first prototype ionization chamber for CSNS and Proton Accelerator （PA） beam loss monitor （BLM） system is reported. The low leakage current （〈0.1 pA）, good plateau （≈800 V） and linearity range up to 200 Roentgen/h are obtained in the first prototype. All of these give us good experience for further improving the ionization chamber construction.     

Baseline drift effect on the performance of neutron and γ ray discrimination using frequency gradient analysis

Frequency gradient analysis (FGA) effectively discriminates neutrons and γ rays by examining the frequency-domain features of the photomultiplier tube anode signal. This approach is insensitive to noise but is inevitably affected by the baseline drift similar to other pulse shape discrimination methods. The baseline drift effect is attributed to factors such as power line fluctuation, dark current, noise disturbances, hum, and pulse tail in front-end electronics. This effect needs to be elucidated and quantified before the baseline shift can be estimated and removed from the captured signal. Therefore, the effect of baseline shift on the discrimination performance of neutrons and γ rays with organic scintillation detectors using FGA is investigated in this paper. The relationship between the baseline shift and discrimination parameters of FGA is derived and verified by an experimental system consisting of an americium-beryllium source, a BC501A liquid scintillator detector, and a 5 GSample/s 8-bit oscilloscope. The theoretical and experimental results both show that the estimation of the baseline shift is necessary, and the removal of baseline drift from the pulse shapes can improve the discrimination performance of FGA.     

Design of the thermal neutron detection system for CJPL-Ⅱ

A low background thermal neutron flux detection system has been designed to measure the ambient thermal neutron flux of the second phase of the China Jinping Underground Laboratory(CJPL-Ⅱ),right after completion of the rock bolting work.A ~3He proportional counter tube combined with an identical ~4He proportional counter tube was employed as the thermal neutron detector,which has been optimised in energy resolution,wall effect and radioactivity of construction materials for low background performance.The readout electronics were specially designed for long-term stable operation and easy maintenance in an underground laboratory under construction.The system was installed in Lab Hall No.3 of CJPL-Ⅱ and accumulated data for about 80 days.The ambient thermal neutron flux was determined under the assumption that the neutron field is fully thermalized,uniform and isotropic at the measurement position.     

Track reconstruction using the TSF method for the BESⅢ main drift chamber

We describe the algorithm to reconstruct the charged tracks for BESⅢ main drift chamber at BEPCⅡ, including the track finding and fitting. With a new method of the Track Segment Finder (TSF), the results of present study indicate that the algorithm can reconstruct the charged tracks over a wide range of momentum with high efficiency, while improving the robustness against the background noise in the drift chamber. The overall performances, including spatial resolution, momentum resolution and secondary vertices reconstruction efficiency, etc. satisfy the requirements of BESⅢ experiment.     

High resolution solar soft X-ray spectrometer

A high resolution solar soft X-ray spectrometer (SOX) payload onboard a satellite is developed. A silicon drift detector (SDD) is adopted as the detector of the SOX spectrometer. The spectrometer consists of the detectors and their readout electronics, a data acquisition unit and a payload data handling unit. A ground test system is also developed to test SOX. The test results show that the design goals of the spectrometer system have been achieved.     

Track reconstruction using the TSF method for the BESm main drift chamber

We describe the algorithm to reconstruct the charged tracks for BESⅢmain drift chamber at BEPCⅡ,including the track finding and fitting.With a new method of the Track Segment Finder(TSF), the results of present study indicate that the algorithm can reconstruct the charged tracks over a wide range of momentum with high efficiency,while improving the robustness against the background noise in the drift chamber.The overall performances,including spatial resolution,momentum resolution and secondary vertices reconstruction efficiency,etc.satisfy the requirements of BESⅢexperiment.     

Testing technology of vacuum ultraviolet spectral radiance北大核心CSCD

The spectral radiance of vacuum ultraviolet (UV) target is of crucial significance to plenty of researches including deep space exploration and spacecraft damage test. Two types of test systems and methods for vacuum UV light sources were studied. Through the research of test method for vacuum UV spectral radiance, a corresponding test system was developed, which included vacuum UV standard light source, optical imaging system, light splitting module, vacuum UV detector module, vacuum chamber and data processing system. According to the direct measurement method and the comparative method, the spectral radiance of deuterium lamps was tested and analyzed, the influencing factors and the relative index error of vacuum UV spectral radiance were discussed, and the accurate measurement of vacuum UV spectral radiance in the five wavelength ranges of 121.2 nm, 135.6 nm, 160 nm, 180 nm, 200 nm at 0.01 μW/cm2·nm·sr~1 μW/ cm2·nm·sr was realized. The repeatability of the measurement is 0.001 34, which shows that the proposed test system can realize the test of vacuum UV signal. © 2022 Editorial office of Journal of Applied Optics. All rights reserved.     

Acceleration test of substrate-packaged fiber Bragg grating sensor北大核心CSCD

To test whether the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor can endure the steady-state inertial loads caused by the acceleration and the sensing properties during the loads, a FBG strain and temperature sensor with aluminium alloy substrate package was designed, and the acceleration performance on the sensor was tested. The sizes of FBG strain and temperature sensor were designed and its package process was described. The strain and temperature sensing mechanisms of FBG sensor were analyzed, and the spectrum detection and demodulation system based on volume phase grating and linear array photodetector was developed. Finally, the acceleration test equipment was established, and the acceleration performance test of the selected FBG strain and temperature sensor was carried out in accordance with the requirements and methods of GJB150.15A acceleration test. The experimental results show that in the 2 min performance test before and after the acceleration test, the wavelength offset is below to ±50 pm, and the change of light intensity is below to 0.3 V. In acceleration test, the maximum fluctuation of wavelength offset is ±7 pm, and the light intensity is in the range of 1.3 V~4.003 V. It is proved that the designed FBG sensor has the ability to endure the acceleration loads and has the good sensing performance during the acceleration loads. Copyright ©2022 Journal of Applied Optics. All rights reserved.     

Studies of dE/dx measurements with the BESⅢ

The Beijing Spectrometer Ⅲ（BESⅢ）is a general-purpose detector used for the study of τ-charm physics at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider Ⅱ（BEPC Ⅱ）.This paper presents our studies of the dE/dx measurement in the drift chamber of BESⅢ,which is important for the identification of charged particles.Corrections applied to the dE/dx measurement in data reconstruction are discussed.After our current dE/dx calibration,a resolution of about 6% has been obtained for minimum ionization particles,and a 3σ K/πseparation is obtained for momenta up to 760 MeV/c.These results meet the design goals of the BESⅢ drift chamber.     

Experimental study of the acoustic characteristics of micro-perforated functional absorbers

Micro-perforated panels have been widely used as fiber-free acoustical material for decades in the form of wall or ceiling covering with some air space behind. This paper presents the test study on the acoustical characteristics of two different types of functional absorbers, panel type and tube type, constructed with micro-perforated metal or PVC (polyvinyl chloride) sheets. Acoustical measurements of such functional absorbers in reverberation chamber demonstrate the merit of good absorption as expected. They are not only cost effective in construction and installation, but also appealing esthetically for architectural interior design.     

Uncertainty of the beam energy measurement in the e^＋e^- collision using Compton backscattering

The beam energy is measured in the e^＋e^- collision by using Compton backscattering. The uncertainty of this measurement process is studied by virtue of analytical formulas, and the special effects of variant energy spread and energy drift on the systematic uncertainty estimation are also studied with the Monte Carlo sampling technique. These quantitative conclusions are especially important for understanding the uncertainty of the beam energy measurement system.     

Development of afterglow time test system for nanosecond fluorescent screen of low-level-light image intensifier北大核心CSCD

The time characteristics of fluorescent screen is one of the important parameters to evaluate the performance of image intensifier. At present, there is no measurement method for the afterglow time of nanosecond fluorescent screen of low-level-light image intensifier. Based on the traditional test scheme of image intensifier afterglow time, a afterglow time test system for nanosecond fluorescent screen was developed. This system used a high-speed signal generator with the sampling rate of 250 MHz to complete the excitation of the laser diode light pulse, and a photomultiplier tube was used with the descending time of 0.57 ns to complete the photoelectric conversion of the fluorescent screen light signal. The weak photocurrent signal of μA magnitude was amplified and converted to a single-terminal differential circuit to complete the AD conversion in AD9684. Then the digital luminance information of the fluorescent screen was stored in the double data rate SDRAM (DDR) unit after field programmable gate array (FPGA), and the host computer sent instructions to read the DDR memory. The USB3.0 high-speed transmission protocol was used to transmit data to the host computer. In the data processing, the Kalman filtering and fast finding falling edge algorithm were used to realize the accurate measurement of noise filtering from collected data and afterglow time. The test results show that the proposed afterglow time test system for nanosecond fluorescent screen can effectively test the image intensifier with ultrafast optical characteristics. The afterglow test results of P47 phosphor reaches 118.094 4 ns, and the repeatability reaches 2.08%. © 2022 Editorial office of Journal of Applied Optics. All rights reserved.     

Theoretical analysis of the acoustical characteristics of suspended micro-perforated panel absorbers

Sound absorption characteristics of suspended micro-perforated panel absorbers were investigated theoretically. The method of half thickness model of such panel absorber with quadripole analysis was used for predicting its acoustic performance. The analysis results show that the predictions agree well with the measurements of absorption in the reverberation chamber. The factors affecting the absorption characteristics for such absorbers were discussed, and some rules as design guidelines were given.     

Thermal analysis of the CSNS H－ ion source

There are two cooling systems to maintain the thermal stability of the CSNS H^- ion source during its operation： Air-cooling in the source body of the discharging chamber and water-cooling in the flange on which the discharging chamber is installed. The optimal cooling parameters to ensure the operation of the H^- ion source are determined through a thermal analysis. In addition, a transient analysis is also performed to know exactly the transient temperature variation during the whole 40 ms period of the pulsed mode operation of the ion source.     

BES Physical Analyzing Environment Composed of PC Farm

This note describes the construction of hardware and software of the BESPC-FARM and BES offline data analysis environment in Linux platform.The job management packages NQS is described.The performance of the BESPCFARM also be presented.     

Prototype of time digitizing system for BESⅢ endcap TOF upgrade

The prototype of a time digitizing system for the BESⅢ endcap TOF (ETOF) upgrade is introduced in this paper. The ETOF readout electronics has a distributed architecture. Hit signals from the multi-gap resistive plate chamber (MRPC) are signaled as LVDS by front-end electronics (FEE) and are then sent to the back-end time digitizing system via long shield differential twisted pair cables. The ETOF digitizing system consists of two VME crates, each of which contains modules for time digitization, clock, trigger, fast control, etc. The time digitizing module (TDIG) of this prototype can support up to 72 electrical channels for hit information measurement. The fast control (FCTL) module can operate in barrel or endcap mode. The barrel FCTL fans out fast control signals from the trigger system to the endcap FCTLs, merges data from the endcaps and then transfers to the trigger system. Without modifying the barrel TOF (BTOF) structure, this time digitizing architecture benefits from improved ETOF performance without degrading the BTOF performance. Lab experiments show that the time resolution of this digitizing system can be lower than 20 ps, and the data throughput to the DAQ can be about 92 Mbps. Beam experiments show that the total time resolution can be lower than 45 ps.