Design and preliminary test of a free-air ionization chamber for low-energy X-ray

A free-air ionization chamber in low-energy X-ray has been designed and manufactured at the National Institute of Metrology (NIM, China) according to the defination of air-kerma. The results of a preliminary test show that the leakage current of ionization chamber is around 2 × 10^-15A, and the correction factor of ion recombination for the ionization chamber is also obtained. The free-air ionization chamber is suitable for the primary standard in low-energy X-rays.     

Multiple ionization of atoms and molecules impacted by very high-q fast projectiles in the strong coupling regime （q/v 〉 1）

In this paper, we present a simple theoretical approach to calculate the multiple ionization of big atoms and molecules induced by very high-q fast projectiles in a strong coupling regime （q/v 〉 1）. The results obtained from this approach are in excellent agreement with the available experimental data. A probable scenario of molecular multiple ionization by fast and very high-q projectiles is discussed. The very small computational time required here and the good agreement with the existing experimental data make it a good candidate for studying the multiple ionization of complex molecules under high linear energy transfers.     

Installation and cosmic ray test of the high voltage system of the BESⅢ drift chamber

After examination of the designed high voltage power supply system of the BESⅢ drift chamber in the beam test of the full length prototype of drift chamber, a full system covering all the channels of high voltage was installed. The system's training and the high voltage value adjustment were carried out in the cosmic ray test of the BESⅢ drift chamber. The cosmic ray test for the full system and its final installation on the BESⅢ drift chamber were reported. The full system of high voltage power supply works stably and reliably.     

Siliconization for Wall Conditioning and Its Effect on Plasma Performance in HL-2A Tokamak

1 Experiments HL-2A tokamak is characterized by a large closed divertor chamber. Before the experimental campaign 2005 the surface of the shielding plates for the MP1 and MP2 has been covered with 2-D carbon fibre composite （about 30% of the first wall）, which can protect the first wall, and effectively shield the splash of heavy metal impurity. The vacuum vessel can be baked up to 120 ℃for degassing and a glow discharge device is installed in the vessel for cleaning the inner surface. Hydrogen glow discharge cleaning （GDC） is applied to remove impurities from the wall, and helium glow discharge cleaning for removing residual hydrogen.     

Resonance Energies,Absorption Oscillator Strengths and Ionization Potentials for the Element Hassium （Z = 108）

On the basis of successfully predicting low-lying energy levels for the element fermium （Z = 100）, we calculate the resonance energies, absorption oscillator strengths and the first ionization potential of the element hassium （Z = 108） by taking important relativistic and improved electron correlation effects into account using the multiconfiguration Dirac Fock method. These calculations are carried out with the aim of assisting experimental investigations of hassium.     

Measurement of Ionization Threshold of Ultracold Cesium Rydberg Atoms in Static Electric Field

We investigate the field ionization spectra of ultracold cesium Rydberg atoms in dc electric field. The ionization thresholds of different electric fields are measured and shift of the ionization threshold relative to field-free ionization threshold is accurately described by （6.06±0.14）F1/2, which is in good agreement with the classical saddle-point model for field ionization. We obtain the field-free ionization threshold of cesium （6P3/2） as 19674.89 ± 2.99 cm^-1 by fitting experimental data.     

Effect of polarization spectroscopy in multitep excitation and ionization of atoms on ionization efficiency

In this peper, the seventeen real motion equation of atoms were shown for the first time inconsiderlng the polarization choices of laser lights. The importance of polarization spectrcoscopy in thedetermination of ionization yields of multi-step excitation and ionization of atoms (MSEIA) wasshown.     

Monte Carlo simulation based on Geant4 of single event upset induced by heavy ions

The present work is a computational simulation of single event upset(SEU) induced by heavy ions passing through the device with Geant4-tool based on Monte Carlo transport code.Key parameters affecting SEU occurrence are examined,and related geometrical construction and critical charge are quantified.The MUlti-Functional Package for SEU Analysis(MUFPSA) has been successfully programmed and applied for SEU occurrence after the completion of device geometrical construction,critical charge,and SEU cross section calculation.The proposed MUFPSA has yielded a good agreement with MRED.Specifically,the results show that higher LET incident ions lead to increased SEU vulnerability due to more diffusion and higher energy deposition.In addition,the analytical method of radial ionization profile provides a good complementary interpretation.     

Study of the energy response of high pressure ionization chamber for high energy gamma-ray

The energy response calibration of the commonly used high pressure ionization chamber is very difficult to obtain when the gamma-ray energy is more than 3 MeV. In order to get the calibration of the higher part of the high pressure ionization chamber, we use the Fluka Monte Carlo program to perform the energy response in both the spherical and the cylindrical high pressure ionization chamber which are full of argon gas. The results compared with prior study when the gamma-ray energy is less than 1.25 MeV. Our result of Monte Carlo calculation shows agreement with those obtained by measurement within the uncertainty of the respective methods. The calculation of this study is significant for the high pressure ionization chamber to measure the high energy gamma-ray.     

Measurement of Electron-Drift Velocity in Ar＋CH4 Mixtures Using Double-Grid Method

Based on analyzing the induced signals from the double-grids of an ionization chamber, the electron-drift time between the two grids is determined and the electron-drift velocity is derived. A waveform digitizer is employed to record pulses from the two grids of the ionization chamber. The electron-drift velocity is measured as a function of the reduced electric field E/p for eight different ratios of Ar＋CH4 mixtures. By analyzing the experimental data of this study, self-consistency of experimental data is achieved, and formulae for calculating electron-drift velocity in any ratio of Ar＋CH4 mixtures are obtained.     

Proposal for muon and white neutron sources at CSNS

The China Spallation Neutron Source （CSNS） is a large scientific facility with the main purpose of serving multidisciplinary research on material characterization using neutron scattering techniques. The accelerator system is to provide a proton beam of 120 kW with a repetition rate of 25 Hz initially （CSNSⅠ）, progressively upgradeable to 240 kW （CSNS-Ⅱ） and 500 kW （CSNS-Ⅱ＇）. In addition to serving as a driving source for the spallation target, the proton beam can be exploited for serving additional functions both in fundamental and applied research. The expanded scientific application based on pulsed muons and fast neutrons is especially attractive in the overall consideration of CSNS upgrade options. A second target station that houses a muon-generating target and a fast-neutron-generating target in tandem, intercepting and removing a small part of the proton beam for the spallation target, is proposed. The muon and white neutron sources are operated principally in parasitic mode, leaving the main part of the beam directed to the spallation target. However, it is also possible to deliver the proton beam to the second target station in a dedicated mode for some special applications. Within the dual target configuration, the thin muon target placed upstream of the fast-neutron target will consume only about 5% of the beam traversed; the majority of the beam is used for fast-neutron production. A proton beam with a beam power of about 60 kW, an energy of 1.6 GeV and a repetition rate of 12.5 Hz will make the muon source and the white neutron source very attractive to multidisciplinary researchers.     

Progress on the construction of the 100 MeV/100 kW electron linac for the NSC KIPT neutron source

IHEP, China is constructing a 100 MeV/100 kW electron Linac for NSC KIPT, Ukraine. This linac will be used as the driver of a neutron source based on a subcritical assembly. In 2012, the injector part of the accelerator was pre-installed as a testing facility in the experimental hall #2 of IHEP. The injector beam and key hardware testing results met the design goal. Recently, the injector testing facility was disassembled and all of the components for the whole accelerator have been shipped to Ukraine from China by the ocean shipping. The installation of the whole machine in KIPT will be started in June, 2013. The construction progress, the design and testing results of the injector beam and key hardware are presented.     

Characteristics of the magnetic analysis system for a compact MPR-type spectrometer

The magnetic proton recoil（MPR）spectrometer is a novel diagnostic instrument with high perfor-mance for measurements of neutron spectra in inertial confinement fusion（ICF）experiments and high power fusion devices.A compact MPR-type spectrometer dedicated to the research of pulsed deuterium-tritium（DT）neutron spectroscopy of special experimental conditions is currently under design.Analyses of the main parameters and performance of the magnetic analysis system through 3-D particle transport calculations and MonteCarlo simulations and calibration of the system performance as a test using CR-39 solid track detector and α particle from 239pu and 226Ra radioactive sources are presented in this paper.The results indicate that the magnetic analysis system will achieve a detection efficiency level of 10-5-10-4 at an energy resolution of 1.5%-2.1%,and fulfills the design goals of the spectrometer.     

Photoproduction of Mesons off the Deuteron Quasifree and Coherent Processes

Photoproduction of mesons off the deuteron has been investigated at a tagged photon beam of the Bonn ELSA accelerator with the combined Crystal Barrel - TAPS electromagnetic calorimeter for incident photon energies up to 2.5 GeV. The mesons have been detected in coincidence with recoil protons, neutrons and deuterons. This allow the measurement of meson production reactions off the quasifree nucleons bound in the deutron, as well as the coherent production off the deuteron. The comparison of quasifree proton reactions to free proton reactions can confirm or invalidate possible nuclear effects on the extracted cross section reactions. Furthermore the isospin composition of a resonance can be estimated from the comparison of quasifree proton and neutron reactions. The quasifree photoproduction of the η＇ and π°η mesons off nucleons and the coherent photoproduction of π°η--pairs off the deuteron are discussed.     

Characterizing a proton beam with two different methods in beam halo experiments

In beam halo experiments, it is very important to correctly characterize the RFQ output proton beam. In order to simulate the beam dynamics properly, we must first know the correct initial beam parameters. We have used two different methods, quadrupole scans and multi-wire scanners to determine the transverse phase-space properties of the proton beam. The experimental data were analyzed by fitting to the 3-D nonlinear simulation code IMPACT. For the quadrupole scan method, we found that the RMS beam radius and the measured beam-core profiles agreed very well with the simulations. For the multi-wire scanner method, we choose the case of a matched beam. By fitting the IMPACT simulation results to the measured data, we obtained the Courant-Snyder parameters and the emittance of the beam. The difference between the two methods is about eight percent, which is acceptable in our experiments.     

A new beam asymmetry measurement from pion photoproduction on the neutron using CLAS

We present a preliminary analysis of the photon beam asymmetry observable （Z） from the pho- toproduction reaction channel γn → pπ in the invariant mass range 1.6--2.3 GeV. The measurement was obtained using the near-4π CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer （CLAS） at Jefferson Laboratory, USA, employing a linearly polarised photon beam with an energy range 1.1 2.3 GeV, incident on a liquid deuterium target. The measurement will provide new data to address the poorly established neutron excitation spectrum and will greatly expand the sparse world data-set both in energy and angle.     

Measurement of Upsilon production for p + p and p + d interactions at 800 GeV/c

We report a high statistics measurement of Upsilon production with an 800 GeV/c proton beam on hydrogen and deuterium targets. The dominance of the gluon-gluon fusion process for Upsilon production at this energy implies that the cross section ratio, sigma(p+d-->Upsilon)/2sigma(p+p-->Upsilon), is sensitive to the gluon content in the neutron relative to that in the proton. Over the kinematic region 0相似文献   

Effect of entrance-channel asymmetry on the isospin dependence of nucleon emission in heavy ion collisions

Using the isospin- and momentum-dependent hadronic transport model IBUU04, we have in-vestigated the influence of the entrance-channel isospin asymmetry on the sensitivity of the pre-equilibrium neutron/proton ratio to symmetry energy in central heavy-ion collisions induced by high-energy radioactive beams. Our analysis and discussion are based on the dynamical simulations of the three isotopic reaction systems 132Sn+124Sn, 124Sn+112Sn and 112Sn+112Sn which are of the same total proton number but different isospin asymmetry. We find that the kinetic-energy distributions of the pre-equilibrium neutron/proton ratio are quite sensitive to the density-dependence of symmetry energy at incident beam energy E/A = 400 MeV,and the sensitivity increases as the isospin asymmetry of the reaction system increases.     

Corrections on energy spectrum and scatterings for fast neutron radiography at NECTAR facility

Distortions caused by the neutron spectrum and scattered neutrons are major problems in fast neutron radiography and should be considered for improving the image quality. This paper puts emphasis on the removal of these image distortions and deviations for fast neutron radiography performed at the NECTAR facility of the research reactor FRM-II in Technische Universit/it Mfinchen （TUM）, Germany. The NECTAR energy spectrum is analyzed and established to modify the influence caused by the neutron spectrum, and the Point Scattered Function （PSeF） simulated by the Monte-Carlo program MCNPX is used to evaluate scattering effects from the object and improve image quality. Good analysis results prove the sound effects of the above two corrections.     

Development of dosimetry tools for proton therapy research

Dosimetry tools for proton therapy research have been developed to measure the properties of a therapeutic proton beam. A CCD camera–scintillation screen system, which can verify the 2D dose distribution of a scanning beam and can be used for proton radiography, was developed. Also developed were a large area parallel-plate ionization chamber and a multi-layer Faraday cup to monitor the beam current and to measure the beam energy, respectively. To investigate the feasibility of locating the distal dose falloff in real time during patient treatment, a prompt gamma measuring system composed of multi-layer shielding structures was then devised. The system worked well for a pristine proton beam. However, correlation between the distal dose falloff and the prompt gamma distribution was blurred by neutron background for a therapy beam formed by scattering method. We have also worked on the design of a Compton camera to image the 2D distribution of prompt gamma rays.