超高效液相色谱法测定卷烟生物碱向主流气的迁移率

建立超声萃取-超高效液相色谱法测定可替宁、降烟碱、麦斯明、新烟碱和烟碱5种烟丝生物碱向主流烟气迁移的方法.以5%氢氧化钠和乙醇溶液为溶剂,对卷烟烟丝样品和烟气样品进行超声萃取30min,将萃取液过固相萃取小柱,0.22/μm滤膜,直接用配置,TUV检测器的超高效液相色谱进行分析,测得可替宁、降烟碱、麦斯明、新烟碱和烟碱向主流烟气的迁移率.结果表明:该法适合批量卷烟烟气中5种生物碱的快速分析.     

高效液相色谱测定卷烟及其主流烟气中的维生素E

样品用饱和抗坏血酸乙醇溶液萃取,ZORBAX Extend-C18（5μm,4.6×150mm）色谱柱及FLD检测器在激发波长为298nm,发射波长为325nm下检测,流动相为100%甲醇。采用外标法定量,线性相关系数为0.99996,检出限为0.12μg/mL,卷烟及其主流烟气中维生素E平均回收率分别为97.0%和97.4%,RSD分别为0.70%和4.70%。研究表明：烤烟型卷烟烟丝比混合型卷烟烟丝中维生素E含量高,烤烟型卷烟主流烟气比混合型卷烟主流烟气中维生素E含量高,维生素E从卷烟烟丝到主流烟气的迁移率为7%—16%。     

辛夷再造烟叶对卷烟烟气成分的影响

为研究辛夷再造烟叶对卷烟烟气成分的影响,采用对比分析方法,先用吸烟机捕集卷烟烟气,收集主流烟气的总粒相物,再用超声波萃取方法对收集烟气粒相物的剑桥滤片进行萃取,分析烟气中的常规成分(烟碱、焦油、水分),最后用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)定性、定量分析烟气化学成分.结果表明,与空白样对比,辛夷再造烟叶卷烟对总粒相物、烟碱、焦油量影响不明显;对卷烟致香成分的增加起到有利作用,其中增加的主要致香成分中糠醛在各添加比例中的增加量达到40％左右、柠檬烯在各添加比例中的增加量达到50％左右、丁香酚在4‰辛夷再造烟叶卷烟中的增加量达到66.30％,巨豆三烯酮在2‰辛夷再造烟叶卷烟中的增加量达到93.30％,肉豆蔻酸在4‰辛夷再造烟叶卷烟中的增加量达到186.67％,金合欢醇在4‰辛夷再造烟叶卷烟中的增加量甚至达到241.81％.     

卷烟主流烟气中巴豆醛在线光谱分析方法研究

卷烟主流烟气是卷烟燃烧时被人体吸食到体内的主要气体,其减焦降害已成为全社会高度关注的问题。在各种卷烟主流烟气组分中,巴豆醛以其强烈的基因毒性,成为国家规定的卷烟中七种主要有害指标物之一。传统的巴豆醛分析方法大都采用高效液相色谱法等实验室分析方法,需繁琐的样品前处理过程,无法测量巴豆醛的实时浓度,难以准确评估巴豆醛对人体健康的影响。为了快速、准确地检测卷烟主流烟气中的巴豆醛组分,本研究搭建了一套可以直接与吸烟机耦合的傅里叶红外光谱分析系统（FTIR）,并创新性开发过采样数据驱动光谱分析方法（ODDSA）,从复杂、变动的卷烟主流烟气中准确提取巴豆醛的光谱组分信息。ODDSA方法从实验设计入手,采用随机设计的思路尽可能模拟实际卷烟样品的分布范围,以构建具备良好光谱数据结构的样品集。在此基础上,创新性地将高密度小波变换引入红外光谱数据的处理过程中,以时/频双域过采样的方式提升了光谱解析分辨率,进而降低了其他基质组分对巴豆醛光谱信息的干扰。最后,发展改良竞争自适应重加权采样方法,从多倍冗余的高密度小波系数中准确提取待测物质的最佳变量组合,由此构建高质量的巴豆醛光谱定量分析模型。为了验证ODDSA方法的有效性,实验中采集了15种典型市售卷烟品牌,每个品牌在线采集8支样品的主流烟气红外光谱,随后采用随机挑选的25个验证集样本对ODDSA方法进行验证。结果表明,检验集的线性拟合系数为0.971,相对均方根误差为5.5%,其预测精度能有效满足卷烟主流烟气中巴豆醛的在线分析需求,并可拓展到环境二手烟气中其他组分的在线监测,进而为吸烟与健康评估提供全新手段。     

微波、超声及其联用萃取黄连中总生物碱的对比研究

采用紫外分光光度法,以黄连中总生物碱提取量为评价指标,对比了微波辅助萃取、超声辅助萃取、超声-微波联用辅助萃取、微波-超声联用辅助萃取黄柏中总生物碱,比较了4种不同萃取方式对提取量的影响。结果表明,在萃取黄连中总生物碱时,微波萃取优于超声萃取和超声-微波联用萃取;微波萃取和微波-超声联用萃取相比较,黄连中总生物碱提取量相差不大,说明微波萃取黄连中总生物碱比较完全,微波萃取后没有必要再用超声萃取。     

固相萃取富集高效液相色谱法测定卷烟烟气中的铅、镉和汞

研究了用固相萃取富集,柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定卷烟烟气中的铅、镉、汞的方法.卷烟烟气样品经剑桥滤片捕集,用四-(对甲氧基苯基)-卟啉(T4 MPP)柱前衍生卷烟烟气中的重金属元素:铅、镉、汞.采用C18固相萃取小柱萃取富集铅、镉、汞的卟啉T4MPP络合物,以Waters Xterra RPl8色谱柱为固定相,甲醇和四氢呋喃为流动相梯度洗脱,用光二级管矩阵检测器检测.铅、隔、汞的捡出限在0.02-0.03μg/L之间.方法相对标准偏差小于2.3％,加标回收率为95％-102％.该方法用于测定卷烟烟气中的重金属元素铅、镉和汞,结果可靠,令人满意.     

二阶导数同步荧光光谱测定卷烟主流烟气中的苯并(a)芘

研究了卷烟主流烟气粒相物中苯并(a)芘(BaP)的同步荧光及其一阶和二阶导数光谱, 发现二阶导数同步光谱可明显减少背景及BaP同系物对BaP测定的干扰。据此建立了一种固相萃取-二阶导数同步荧光光谱法测定卷烟主流烟气粒相物中BaP的新方法。方法检测限为0.2 ng·mL-1,平均回收率为80.2%～86.2%,相对标准偏差为2.64%～3.02%。     

匀浆提取-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定卷烟主流烟气中的苯并[a]芘

研究了用匀浆提取-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定卷烟主流烟气中苯并[a]芘的方法,卷烟主流烟气样品用剑桥滤片捕集,匀浆法提取滤片上捕集的苯并[a]芘,然后采用气相色谱-质谱联用法进样分析.结果显示该方法检测出的苯并[a]芘含量和国家标准相符合,并具有提取完全、效率高、能耗低的特点.     

混酸捕集-原子吸收光谱法测定主流烟气中的铅和镉

研究建立了用盐酸-硝酸混酸捕集主流烟气中铅和镉,并用原子吸收光谱法测定其含量的方法.对主流烟气中铅和镉的捕集条件和捕集液处理条件进行优化,并与常用的剑桥滤片法进行比较,对原子吸收光谱法测定主流烟气中铅和镉含量的回收率、精确度进行了试验,同时选取了5个烤烟型和1个混合型卷烟样品进行检测实验.结果表明:用10％盐酸+5％硝...     

烟草中多酚类物质的超高效液相色谱指纹图谱及聚类分析

利用超声萃取-超高效液相色谱法对30个烟草样品（4个品种）的多酚类物质进行了快速分离与检测。实验以7个主要共有峰为评价指标,采用“计算机辅助中药指纹图谱相似度计算软件”计算处理,建立了不同种类烟草中多酚类物质的UPLC指纹图谱,并对烟草样品进行了聚类分析。结果表明：这种基于烟草多酚指纹图谱的分析策略是一种可同时实现整体性、模糊性分析且简便易行的方法模式,为烟草识别及烟草制品的质量控制提供了部分科学依据。同时该方法具有操作简单快速,精密度、稳定性和重现性良好等优点。     

Screening of glycoside isomers in P. scrophulariiflora using ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry

A powerful ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction (ILUAE) method combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-QTOFMS(n) ) was employed in the rapid simultaneous screening of iridoid glycosides, phenylethanoid glycosides, and cucurbitacin glycosides from P. scrophulariiflora. The ILUAE procedure was optimized over several ultrasonic parameters, including the ultrasonic power, concentration of the ionic liquid, and solid-liquid ratio. A comparison with conventional heat-reflux extraction and regular UAE demonstrated that the optimized approach yielded a high extraction efficiency (Picroside I, 2.84%; Picroside II, 3.57%; 6-O-E-feruloyl catalpol, 2.20%) within a short extraction time of 30?min. Negative ion mode ESI-QTOFMS(2) analysis of the fragmentation reactions of the [M-H](-) ions was conducted to characterize the diagnostic ions related to the glycosyl moieties, aglycone units, and the type and substituted position of the ester groups. Interestingly, the positional isomers of the iridoid glycosides could be easily discriminated based on the characteristic ions. A total of 15 glycosides, including three groups of iridoid glycoside isomers and two groups of phenylethanoid glycoside isomers, were conveniently identified within 13.5?min. Moreover, 6'-O-vanilloyl catalpol was identified in P. scrophulariiflora for the first time. The method developed here was further validated by measuring the recovery, correlation coefficient (R(2) ), and reproducibility (RSD, n?=?5) of three iridoid glycosides: 89.60%-109.02%, 0.9991-0.9998, and 0.93%-1.44%, respectively. This study demonstrated the capabilities of ILUAE combined with UPLC/ESI-QTOFMS(n) for the rapid screening of glycosides in P. scrophulariiflora. This method offers an approach to similar studies on other natural plants.     

新疆罗布麻叶中总生物碱的提取与测定

采用超声提取法对罗布麻叶中总生物碱进行了提取,用紫外可见光谱法进行了测定。确定了提取总生物碱所需提取溶剂的适当浓度。建立了苦参碱浓度与吸光度关系的回归方程:C=0.0449A-0.0068,r=0.9911。该方法简单、提取率高、重现性好。     

不同提取方法对小花棘豆总生物碱提取率的影响

采用乙醇浸提-有机溶剂萃取法、超声波辅助提取法、乙醇浸提-柱层析分离法3种方法提取小花棘豆中的总生物碱,比较3种方法总生物碱的提取率.3种方法的总生物碱提取率分别为0.0008％、0.0032％、0.0080％.故选用乙醇浸提-柱层析分离法.通过正交试验,得到乙醇浸提最佳工艺条件为:提取温度30℃,乙醇浓度75％,物料...     

超声提取党参总皂苷的工艺

优选党参总皂苷的最佳超声波提取工艺条件。采用正交试验设计优化党参总皂苷提取工艺的影响因素,通过比色法测定总皂苷含量,并与传统提取法进行比较。超声波强化提取总皂苷的提取工艺为甲醇提取,料液比1:20(g/mL),超声时间为30min,超声次数3次。方法操作简便、条件稳定,提高了药材的利用率,可用于党参总皂苷的提取。     

Ionic liquid-aqueous solution ultrasonic-assisted extraction of three kinds of alkaloids from Phellodendron amurense Rupr and optimize conditions use response surface

In this paper, we chose diffident kinds of ionic liquids to optimal selection an optimal one to extract alkaloids from Phellodendron amurense Rupr. Four ionic liquids with diffident carbon chains or anions have been investigated and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide with best productivity. Then, selections have been optimized in different conditions, including concentration of ionic liquid, time for ultrasonic treatment, ultrasonic power and solid–liquid ratio. Moreover, three conditions have been comprehensively assessment by response surface methodology, the optimal conditions were determined as follows ultrasonic power 100 W, extraction time 75 min and ratio of solvent to raw material 1:14. Under these conditions, the yield% (MIX) was 106.7% (extracted by heat reflux being defined 100%). Comparing with other methods, the advantages are saving conserving, time saving, high yield% and especially pollution-free.     

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of ginseng saponins from ginseng roots and cultured ginseng cells

Ultrasound-assisted extraction was evaluated as a simpler and more effective alternative to conventional extraction methods for the isolation of ginsenosides (saponins) from various types of ginseng. The ginseng samples were extracted with different solvents, under either direct sonication by an ultrasound probe horn or indirect sonication in an ultrasound cleaning bath. The ultrasonic extraction was compared with the conventional method of refluxing boiling solvents in a soxhlet extractor, on the yields of both the total saponin isolated by thin-layer chromatography and the individual ginsenosides by high performance liquid chromatography. It was found that the sonication-assisted extraction of ginseng saponins was about three times faster than the traditional extraction method. The ultrasonic extraction was not only more efficient but also convenient for the recovery and purification of the active ingredients of plant materials. In addition, the sonication-assisted extraction can be carried out at lower temperatures which are favorable for the thermally unstable compounds.     

明矾炮制前后半夏中铝形态分析

通过中药传统煎煮和超声提取两种方法获取生半夏和清半夏水提液,采用下列三步分析水提液中各种铝形态:用0.45μm微孔滤膜过滤,部分滤液通过732Na型阳离子交换树脂,另一部分滤液与8-羟基喹啉反应.石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定总铝及各形态铝含量.结果显示,生半夏中铝总量11.20μg/g,清半夏则高达3.253mg/g.生半...     

Green ultrasound-assisted extraction of carotenoids based on the bio-refinery concept using sunflower oil as an alternative solvent

A green, inexpensive and easy-to-use method for carotenoids extraction from fresh carrots assisted by ultrasound was designed in this work. Sunflower oil was applied as a substitute to organic solvents in this green ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE): a process which is in line with green extraction and bio-refinery concepts. The processing procedure of this original UAE was first compared with conventional solvent extraction (CSE) using hexane as solvent. Moreover, the UAE optimal conditions for the subsequent comparison were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and ultra performance liquid chromatography – diode array detector – mass spectroscopy (UPLC–DAD–MS). The results showed that the UAE using sunflower as solvent has obtained its highest β-carotene yield (334.75 mg/l) in 20 min only, while CSE using hexane as solvent obtained a similar yield (321.35 mg/l) in 60 min. The green UAE performed under optimal extraction conditions (carrot to oil ratio of 2:10, ultrasonic intensity of 22.5 W cm^?2, temperature of 40 °C and sonication time of 20 min) gave the best yield of β-carotene.     

枸杞叶中甜菜碱的提取

用正交试验比较固液比、浸提时间、浸提温度、超声时间对甜菜碱提取率的影响,选取的因素中,对柴达木枸杞叶甜菜碱提取率影响程度依次为：超声时间〉固液比〉浸提时间〉浸提温度。最佳提取工艺是固液比（g/mL）为1∶60,60℃,浸提4h,超声10m in。     

Determination of arsenic species in mainstream cigarette smoke based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

In this work, arsenic species in mainstream cigarette smoke condensates was systemically studied with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was utilized for analysis of the physical forms of arsenic, and no particle arsenic was observed in mainstream cigarette smoke condensates. The solvent extraction experiments proved that the water-soluble arsenic was the main species in mainstream cigarette smoke condensates, which was consistent with the result of single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Furthermore, speciation of arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid, and dimethylarsinic acid was investigated using high performance weak anion exchange chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection. The developed high performance liquid chromatography coupled inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method was successfully applied to the determination of arsenic species in mainstream cigarette smoke condensates with satisfactory recoveries. Four arsenic species were detected in the mainstream cigarette smoke condensates from four brands of commercial available cigarettes, and there was a great difference between the arsenic content and composition among the different brands of cigarettes. It is found that arsenate was the main species in all tested cigarette samples.