植物油中苯并芘的提取工艺

采用正交试验比较提取溶剂、料液比、提取温度、超声时间对植物油中苯并芘提取率的影响.结果对植物油中苯并芘提取率的影响程度依次为:提取溶剂＞料液比＞超声时间＞提取温度.最佳提取工艺为:提取溶剂为乙腈,料液比为1∶125,提取温度为50℃,超声时间为2.5h.     

静电场协同超声提取甘草中甘草酸的研究

本文以甘草中甘草酸为研究对象,采用静电场协同超声方法提取,对其影响因素和强化效果进行了研究。通过一系列的单因素实验和响应曲面方法,本项目考察了浸泡时间,液固比,超声电功率,提取时间,超声频率和静电压对甘草酸提取率的影响。运用曲面响应法得出甘草中甘草酸的最优化反应条件为:液固比为30 mL/g,提取时间为29 min,超声电功率为100 W,静电压为9 kV;在该条件下甘草酸的提取率为11.02%。影响提取率最显著的因素是液固比,其次是超声电功率。实验结果表明超声与静电场存在协同作用。     

超声-硝酸联合法提取褐煤腐植酸工艺

实验考察了超声、硝酸预处理、酸化程度、碱液浓度、反应温度、液固比、反应时间等对腐植酸提取率的影响,并通过正交设计选择最佳预氧化条件和褐煤腐植酸的最佳提取条件.结果表明;超声硝酸联合氧化法提取腐植酸的最佳条件为：超声频率80kHz,氧化温度50℃,硝酸液固比（mL/g）为5∶1,氧化时间90min,硝酸浓度1.5mol/L.     

枸杞叶多糖的超声波辅助提取

通过单因素试验考察了样品粒度、提取时间、超声波频率、超声波功率、提取温度、液固比和提取次数对枸杞叶多糖提取率的影响,在此基础上采用正交试验优选到了最佳提取工艺方案:样品粒度80目、提取时间20min、超声波频率20kHz、超声波功率90W、提取温度65℃、液固比20:1(mL/g)、提取次数1次。超声波提取法的提取率显著高于水提醇沉法,重现性较好,为工业化生产提供了依据。     

微波-超声波辅助提取枸杞中的多糖工艺

利用微波-超声波辅助提取枸杞中的多糖物质,采用正交试验法考察料液比、浸提温度、微波和超声波功率以及时间等对枸杞中多糖物质提取效率的影响,得到最佳提取工艺:料液比为1∶10(g/mL),微波提取温度为100℃,微波功率为300W,提取时间6min,超声处理时间20min,超声功率80W,温度为70℃.     

酶法提取香椿叶中总黄酮的工艺研究

采用酶法工艺提取香椿叶中总黄酮,与传统水提工艺相比提取率明显提高,提取条件温和,且不使用有机溶剂。本实验确定的较佳工艺条件为:酶浓度0.20mg/mL,酶解温度45℃,酶解pH5.0,酶解时间120min,浸提温度90℃,浸提时间120min,料液比1∶40。     

加拿大一枝黄花总酚超声提取工艺

利用超声提取的方法,通过单因素和正交实验分析了溶液浓度、超声时间、料液比、提取次数4个主要因素对总酚提取率的影响。确立了加拿大一枝黄花总酚的最佳提取工艺条件为:60%甲醇、超声50min、料液比1∶20、提取3次。在此条件下,总酚的提取率为44.61mg/g。     

超声波法提取石榴皮多酚的最佳工艺

以石榴皮为原料,采用超声波辅助提取法对石榴皮多酚的提取工艺进行了研究.通过对提取溶剂的筛选,确定乙醇为提取溶剂,考察液固比、超声处理功率、超声处理温度和处理时间等因素对石榴皮多酚得率的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,进行L9(34)正交试验.结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为:超声波功率为180W,提取温度为70℃,液固比为15∶1(mg/mL),提取时间为40min,在此条件下石榴皮多酚得率为12.71％.     

竹节参中总皂苷提取工艺的正交试验

采用溶剂浸提法考察乙醇浓度、水浴温度、提取时间、料液比等单因素对竹节参中总皂苷提取率的影响.然后运用正交分析法确定最佳提取条件为:乙醇的浓度为60％,提取时间为4.0h,温度为80℃,料液比为1∶30(g/mL).并通过实验确定在此条件下总皂苷提取率达到了10.04％.     

离子液体/微波萃取海红果渣中总黄酮工艺

以离子液体溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([bmim]Br)水溶液为萃取剂,采用微波辅助萃取技术萃取海红果渣中的总黄酮,系统考察了[bmim]Br浓度、萃取温度、料液比等因素的影响,得出最佳工艺条件为离子液体浓度0.6mol/L,萃取温度70C,液固比30 (mL/g),萃取时间15min,重复萃取2次,在该条件下,海红果渣中总黄酮提取率为0.259％.     

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of three bufadienolides from Chinese medicine ChanSu

In this study, the application of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method was shown to be more efficient in extracting anti-tumor bufadienolides (bufalin, cinobufagin and resibufogenin) from important animal medicine of ChanSu than the maceration extraction (ME) and soxhlet extraction (SE) method. The effects of ultrasonic variables including extraction solvent, solvent concentration, solvent to solid ratio, ultrasound power, temperature, extraction time and particle size on the yields of three bufadienolides were investigated. The optimum extraction conditions found were: 70% (v/v) methanol solution, solvent to solid ratio of 10ml/g, ultrasound power of 125W, temperature of 20°C, extraction time of 20min and particle size of 60-80 mesh. The extraction yields of bufalin, cinobufagin and resibufogenin were 43.17±0.85, 52.58±1.12, 137.70±2.65mg/g, respectively. In order to achieve a similar yield as UAE, soxhlet extraction required 6h and maceration extraction required much longer time of 18h. The results indicated that UAE is an alternative method for extracting bufadienolides from ChanSu.     

Optimization and kinetic modeling of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of fucoxanthin from edible brown algae Sargassum fusiforme using green solvents

The development of green and sustainable extraction technologies for various naturally active biomaterials is gaining increasing attention due to their environmentally friendly advantages. In this work, the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of fucoxanthin from edible brown algae Sargassum fusiforme using different green solvents was presented. Ethyl lactate, limonene, soybean oil, and sunflower oil were used in place of traditional organic solvents. Ethyl lactate showed similar performance to organic solvents, whereas limonene and vegetable oil exhibited higher selectivity for fucoxanthin. Moreover, the effects of various extraction factors, including liquid/solid ratio, extraction time, extraction temperature, as well as amplitude were studied. The optimal conditions were optimized as follows: liquid/solid ratio, 40 mL/g; extraction time, 27 min; extraction temperature, 75 ℃; amplitude, 53%; and solvent, ethyl lactate. Optimal model of second-order kinetic parameters (rate constant, equilibrium concentration, and initial extraction rate) was successfully developed for describing the dynamic ultrasonic extraction process under different operating conditions.     

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of capsaicinoids from Capsicum frutescens on a lab- and pilot-plant scale

The influence of operating parameters (solvent type, powder to solvent ratio and temperature) on the ultrasonically assisted extraction of capsaicinoids from dried Capsicum frutescens (fruit) was studied. From the economic perspective, the suitable condition for capsaicinoid extraction by indirect sonication in an ultrasonic bath with a working frequency of 35 kHz was at a ratio of 1g of solid material: 5 ml of 95% (v/v) ethanol, 45 degrees C, where 85% of the capsaicinoids were removed from the raw material in 3h. In an experimental pilot study in 20-l extraction tank at the fixed ultrasonic frequency of 26 kHz and 70 kHz, the recovery of capsaicinoids was 76% and 70%, respectively. It was shown that the ultrasonic extraction produced a significant reduction in extraction time at a lower operational temperature than under a conventional industrial hot maceration process.     

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of hesperidin from Penggan (Citrus reticulata) peel

Hesperidin, an abundant and inexpensive bioflavonoid in Penggan (Citrus reticulata) peel, has been reported to possess a wide range of pharmacological properties. Ultrasonic extraction is an effective technique for the isolation of bioactive compounds from vegetable materials. In this study, the application of ultrasonic method was shown to be more efficient in extracting hesperidin from Penggan (C. reticulata) peel than the classical method. The effects of main ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions on extraction yields of hesperidin from Penggan (C. reticulata) peel were evaluated, including extraction solvents, solvent volume, temperature, extraction time, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic frequency. Results showed that solvent, frequency and processing temperature were the most important factors for improving the extracting yields of hesperidin. When performed at the same temperature under the same time using three frequencies, methanol as the solvent improved the extraction yield evidently compared with ethanol or isopropanol; by comparison of the frequency influence, the yield of hesperidin was higher at 60 kHz than at 20 kHz and 100 kHz. The optimum ultrasonic conditions were determined as: methanol, frequency of 60 kHz, extraction time of 60 min, and temperature of 40 degrees C. In addition, the ultrasonic power had a weak effect on the yields of hesperidin within the experimental range. Extending ultrasonic treatment times did not result in degradation of hesperidin; the rotary beaker for materials can increase the yields of hesperidin.     

Aqueous ionic liquid based ultrasonic assisted extraction of four acetophenones from the Chinese medicinal plant Cynanchum bungei Decne

In this study, an aqueous ionic liquid based ultrasonic assisted extraction (ILUAE) method for the extraction of the four acetophenones, namely 4-hydroxyacetophenone (1), 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone (2), baishouwubenzophenone (3) and 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone (4) from the Chinese medicinal plant Cynanchum bungei was developed. Three kinds of aqueous l-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids with different anion and alkyl chain were investigated. The results indicated that ionic liquids (ILs) showed remarkable effects on the extraction efficiency of acetophenones. In addition, the ILUAE, including several ultrasonic parameters, such as the ILs concentration, solvent to solid ratio, power, particle size, temperature, and extraction time have been optimized. Under these optimal conditions (e.g., with 0.6 M [C₄MIM]BF₄, solvent to solid ratio of 35:1, power of 175 W, particle size of 60–80 mesh, temperature of 25 °C and time of 50 min), this approach gained the highest extraction yields of four acetophenones 286.15, 21.65, 632.58 and 205.38 μg/g, respectively. The proposed approach has been evaluated by comparison with the conventional heat-reflux extraction (HRE) and regular UAE. The results indicated that ILUAE is an alternative method for extracting acetophenones from C. bungei.     

Intensification of extraction of curcumin from Curcuma amada using ultrasound assisted approach: Effect of different operating parameters

Curcumin, a dietary phytochemical, has been extracted from rhizomes of Curcuma amada using ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and the results compared with the conventional extraction approach to establish the process intensification benefits. The effect of operating parameters such as type of solvent, extraction time, extraction temperature, solid to solvent ratio, particle size and ultrasonic power on the extraction yield have been investigated in details for the approach UAE. The maximum extraction yield as 72% was obtained in 1 h under optimized conditions of 35 °C temperature, solid to solvent ratio of 1:25, particle size of 0.09 mm, ultrasonic power of 250 W and ultrasound frequency of 22 kHz with ethanol as the solvent. The obtained yield was significantly higher as compared to the batch extraction where only about 62% yield was achieved in 8 h of treatment. Peleg’s model was used to describe the kinetics of UAE and the model showed a good agreement with the experimental results. Overall, ultrasound has been established to be a green process for extraction of curcumin with benefits of reduction in time as compared to batch extraction and the operating temperature as compared to Soxhlet extraction.     

正交设计优选银杏黄酮苷的超声提取条件

使用正交设计优化超声提取银杏黄酮苷的工艺条件。得到的最佳提取条件为:对于1g原料,采用60%乙醇水作提取溶剂,盐酸调节其pH值为4.5,在温度50℃下超声提取40min,黄酮苷的平均提取率为81.38%。该工艺简单、无污染且重复性好,适合大量制备银杏黄酮苷。     

柑橘皮黄酮提取工艺及抑制亚硝化反应

研究柑橘皮中黄酮类化合物的提取工艺及黄酮类物质对亚硝化反应的抑制能力.通过单因素及L9（34）正交试验,探讨最佳提取工艺条件及相关工艺参数,并采用分光光度法测定黄酮提取液对亚硝胺抑制能力和对亚硝酸盐清除能力.结果表明,柑橘皮中黄酮类化合物的最佳提取工艺条件为乙醇体积分数60％、料液比1∶40（g/mL）、提取时间50min、提取温度70℃.柑橘皮中黄酮类化合物提取液对亚硝胺合成的最大阻断率为75.8％,对亚硝酸钠的最大清除率为85％.柑橘皮中黄酮类化合物提取液对亚硝化反应的抑制能力较强,且最佳工艺操作简单快捷,适用于工业化大批量提取柑橘皮中黄酮类化合物.