衬底对原位氧化制备的ZnO薄膜结构和光学性质的影响

 采用射频反应溅射法在不同衬底上制备Zn₃N₂薄膜,然后对其原位氧化制备ZnO薄膜。利用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和光致发光谱(PL)等表征技术研究了不同衬底对ZnO薄膜的结晶特性和发光性能的影响。XRD研究结果显示:Zn₃N₂薄膜在500 ℃原位氧化3 h后完全转变为ZnO薄膜,在玻璃和熔融石英衬底上制备的多晶ZnO薄膜无择优取向,而单晶硅（100）衬底上的多晶ZnO薄膜具有较好的沿（002）方向的择优取向。PL测试结果显示:硅和熔融石英衬底上的多晶ZnO薄膜发光性能良好,激子复合产生的紫外发光峰很强,且半高宽较窄,而来自于深能级发射的绿色发光峰很弱;而玻璃衬底上的多晶ZnO薄膜发光性能较差。     

射频磁控反应溅射制备的Ag2O薄膜的椭圆偏振光谱研究

Ag₂O薄膜在新型超高存储密度光盘和磁光盘方面具有潜在的应用前景.利用射频磁控反应溅射技术, 通过调节衬底温度在沉积气压为0.2 Pa、氧氩比为2:3的条件下制备了一系列Ag₂O 薄膜.利用通用振子模型(包括1个Tauc-Lorentz振子和2个Lorentz 振子)拟合了薄膜的椭圆偏振光谱.在1.5-3.5 eV能量区间,薄膜的折射率在2.2-2.7之间, 消光系数在0.3-0.9之间. 在3.5-4.5 eV能量区间,薄膜呈现了明显的反常色散,揭示Ag₂O薄膜的等离子体振荡频率在 3.5-4.5 eV之间. 随着衬底温度的升高,薄膜的光学吸收边总体上发生了红移, 该红移归结于薄膜晶格微观应变随衬底温度的升高而增大. Ag₂O薄膜的光学常数表现出典型的介质材料特性.     

近空间升华法制备CdS多晶薄膜的研究

系统地研究了近空间升华法(CSS)制备CdS薄膜沉积速率的影响因素。发现CdS薄膜的沉积速率随升华源温度的升高而增大,但随衬底温度和沉积气压的上升而下降。对所制备样品的结构、表面形貌和光谱透过率特性进行了测试,结果表明：(1)不同氧分压下沉积的CdS薄膜沿(103)晶向择优生长。CdCl₂氛围下退火后,(103)晶向的优势得到进一步加强;(2)不同氧分压制备的CdS薄膜致密且粒径均匀,晶粒的大小随着衬底温度的升高而增大,但薄膜的粗糙度也随之增大;(3)随着CdS薄膜厚度的减小,可见光中短波段的透过率有所增大,有利于提高太阳电池的短波光谱响应。并将CSS制备的CdS多晶薄膜用于CdTe太阳电池的制作,获得了10.29%的光电转换效率,初步验证了该制作工艺的可行性。     

衬底温度对ZnMgO薄膜结构和光致发光性能的影响

利用超声喷雾热解方法以不同的沉积温度(450～550 ℃)在石英衬底上制备出一系列ZnMgO薄膜。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和光致发光谱(PL)表征了样品的晶体结构、表面形貌和光学性能。结果表明衬底温度对薄膜结构性能和光学特性影响显著。所有薄膜都呈六角纤锌矿多晶结构,其中在530 ℃条件下制备的样品C轴择优最明显,晶粒尺寸均匀,表面形貌平整,结晶质量最好。薄膜的光致发光谱显示随着温度的升高深能级跃迁范围逐渐减小,近紫外带边发光峰逐步出现。衬底温度为530 ℃时在374.5 nm处出现了明显的近紫外发光峰,且几乎没有明显的深能级跃迁出现。     

脉冲激光沉积GaN薄膜的结构和光学特性研究

采用准分子脉冲激光,在Si(111)衬底上生长了带有AlN缓冲层的GaN薄膜, 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和光致发光光谱(PL)等测试手段研究了不同沉积温度所生长的GaN薄膜结构特征和光学性能.研究表明:沉积温度影响GaN薄膜结构和光学性能,黄带发射峰主要与晶体缺陷有关.在400～700℃沉积范围内随着温度升高,GaN薄膜结构和光学性能提高.     

生长温度对Ga掺杂ZnO薄膜光电性能的影响

在不同衬底温度(室温~750 ℃)条件下,采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)方法在石英玻璃和单晶硅(111)衬底上制备了Ga掺杂ZnO(GZO)薄膜。结果显示:衬底温度的变化导致衬底表面吸附原子扩散速率和脱附速率的不同,从而导致合成薄膜结晶质量的差异,衬底温度450 ℃时制备的GZO薄膜具有最好的结晶特性;GZO薄膜中载流子浓度随衬底温度升高而单调减小的现象与GZO薄膜中的本征缺陷密切相关,晶界散射强度的变化导致迁移率出现先增大后减小的趋势,衬底温度450 ℃时制备的GZO薄膜具有最小的电阻率~0.02 Ω·cm;随着衬底温度的升高,薄膜载流子浓度的单调减小导致了薄膜光学带隙变窄,所有合成样品的平均可见光透过率均达到85%以上。采用PLD方法制备GZO薄膜,衬底温度的改变可以对薄膜的光电性能起到调制作用。     

Bi3.15Eu0.85Ti3O12铁电薄膜的结构与光学性能

采用化学溶液沉积法在石英衬底上制备了Bi_3.15Eu_0.85Ti₃O₁₂ (BEuT) 铁电薄膜,研究了 BEuT薄膜的结构和光学性能。XRD结果表明,不同温度退火的BEuT皆形成铋层状钙钛矿型结构,其晶粒尺寸随着退火温度的升高而增大,与SEM观察结果一致。对BEuT薄膜的拉曼光谱研究表明,Eu³⁺主要取代钙钛矿层中的Bi³⁺位。光学透过率曲线显示,在大于500 nm的波段,各BEuT薄膜的透过率均比较高,其禁带宽度约为 3.69 eV。BEuT薄膜的发光随着退火温度的升高而增强,这可归因于其结晶状况的改善。     

衬底温度对电子束沉积ZnSe薄膜性能影响研究

为了研究衬底温度对硒化锌薄膜微观结构和光学特性的影响,采用电子束蒸发技术在K9玻璃基底上制备了单层的硒化锌薄膜。通过研究薄膜的X射线衍射谱、透射光谱特性、表面形貌及粗糙度,分析了不同衬底温度下薄膜微观晶体结构和光学特性的变化规律。实验结果表明:在20～200℃的衬底温度范围内制备的ZnSe薄膜均为具有(111)晶面择优取向的纳米晶薄膜,随着衬底温度升高,基片上原子获得的动能增加,导致薄膜的晶粒尺寸变大、内应力和位错密度降低;同样在不同衬底温度下,薄膜的光学特性也不尽相同,随着衬底温度的升高,折射率和消光系数减小、光学带隙增加、薄膜的表面粗糙度降低。分析表明折射率下降是薄膜中空隙部分所占比例增加所致,而消光系数的下降是薄膜结晶度提高,内部缺陷减少造成的。     

Ga-Ti共掺杂ZnO薄膜的制备及其光电性能

采用ZnO:Ga2O3:TiO2为靶材,在玻璃衬底上射频磁控溅射制备了多晶Ga-Ti共掺杂ZnO(GTZO)薄膜,通过XRD、四探针、透射光谱测试研究了生长温度对薄膜结构和光电性能的影响.结果表明:所制备的薄膜具有c轴择优取向,光学带隙均大于本征ZnO的禁带宽度.当生长温度为620K时GTZO薄膜的结晶质量最佳、电阻率最低、透射率最大、品质因数最高.     

电子束蒸发和离子束溅射HfO_2紫外光学薄膜

HfO2薄膜在紫外光学中具有十分重要的地位,不同方法制备的HfO2薄膜特性不同,可以满足不同的实际应用需求。本文分别利用电子束蒸发和离子束溅射方法制备了用于紫外光区域的HfO2薄膜,并对薄膜的材料和光学特性进行了表征与比较。通过对单层HfO2薄膜的实测透射和反射光谱进行数值反演,得到了HfO2薄膜在230～800 nm波段的折射率和消光系数色散曲线,结果表明两种方法制备的HfO2薄膜在250nm的消光系数均小于2×10-3。在此基础上,制备了两种典型的紫外光学薄膜元件(紫外低通滤波器和240nm高反射镜),其光谱性能测试结果表明,两种不同方法制备的器件均具有较好的光学特性。     

温度条件对反应电子束蒸发制备TiO2薄膜结构和性能的影响

研究基片温度(120～300 ℃)和热处理温度(400℃)对电子束蒸发TiO₂薄膜的结构和光学性能的影响.XRD分析表明,在120 ℃, 200 ℃和300 ℃的普通玻璃基片上采用电子枪加热蒸发制备的TiO₂薄膜具有非晶态结构,沉积态薄膜经过400 ℃保温1 h的热处理后得到的相为具有(004)取向的锐钛矿相,晶粒大小在3.6～8.1 nm之间.透射谱分析表明,薄膜的折射率随着基片温度的升高而增加;热处理后,薄膜的折射率也相应提高,其原因来自于薄膜的晶化.     

Room temperature deposition of ZnO and Al:ZnO ultrathin films on glass and PET substrates by DC sputtering technique

In the present work, ultrathin films of Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) with 20 nm thick were fabricated at 300 K on glass and Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates by means of direct-current sputtering method. The structural morphology of the films were analyzed by (XRD) diffractometry. The average transmittance of films deposited on different substrates showed high transparency (over 80%) in the visible spectrum. The objective of the present work is to investigate the thicknesses and optical constants of ZnO and AZO ultrathin films prepared by DC sputtering onto (glass and PET) substrates using two methods (UV–Vis–NIR spectrophotometer and ellipsometer (SE) by new amorphous dispersion formula) with comparison to check and confirm the results that obtained from UV with those obtained from SE measurements. The optical constants of films were extracted and compared using UV and SE techniques in the range of (200–2200 nm) with increment of 1 nm in order to confirm the accuracy of the UV and shown an excellent agreement.     

Spray pyrolysis deposition of ZnO thin films on FTO coated substrates from zinc acetate and zinc chloride precursor solution at different growth temperatures

ZnO thin films were fabricated using zinc chloride and zinc acetate precursors by the spray pyrolysis technique on FTO coated glass substrates. The ZnO films were grown in different deposition temperature ranges varying from 400 to 550 °C. Influences of substrate temperature and zinc precursors on crystal structure, morphology and optical property of the ZnO thin films were investigated. XRD patterns of the films deposited using chloride precursor indicate that (1 0 1) is dominant at low temperatures, while those deposited using acetate precursor show that (1 0 1) is dominant at high temperatures. SEM images show that deposition temperature and type of precursor have a strong effect on the surface morphology. Optical measurements show that ZnO films are obviously influenced by the substrate temperatures and different types of precursor solutions. It is observed that as temperature increases, transmittance decreases for ZnO films obtained using zinc chloride precursor, but the optical transmittance of ZnO films obtained using zinc acetate precursor increases as temperature increases.     

退火对ZnO薄膜光学特性的影响

用射频磁控溅射法在蓝宝石衬底上制备出ZnO薄膜,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和光致发光(PL)谱等研究了退火温度对ZnO薄膜结构和光学性质的影响。测量结果显示,所制备的ZnO薄膜为六角纤锌矿结构,具有沿c轴的择优取向;随着退火温度的升高,(002)XRD峰强度和平均晶粒尺寸增大,(002)XRD峰半高宽(FWHM)减小,光致发光紫外峰强度增强。结果证明,用射频磁控溅射法通过适当控制退火温度可得到高质量ZnO薄膜。     

Influences of the iron ion (Fe)-doping on structural and optical properties of nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films prepared by sol-gel spin coating

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) thin films doping of various iron ion (Fe³⁺) concentrations were deposited on silicon (Si) (100) and quartz substrates by sol-gel Spin Coating technique followed by a thermal treatment at 600 °C. The structure, surface morphology and optical properties, as a function of the doping, have been studied by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Raman, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE). XRD and Raman analyzes of our thin films show that the crystalline phase of TiO₂ thin films comprised only the anatase TiO₂, but the crystallinity decreased when the Fe³⁺ content increased from 0% to 20%. During the Fe³⁺ addition to 20%, the phase of TiO₂ thin film still maintained the amorphous state. The grain size calculated from XRD patterns varies from 29.3 to 22.6 nm. The complex index and the optical band gap (E_g) of the films were determined by the spectroscopic ellipsometry analysis. We have found that the optical band gap decreased with an increasing Fe³⁺ content.     

Microstructural and optical properties of nanocrystalline undoped zirconia thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition

The zirconium oxide (ZrO₂) thin films are deposited on Si (100) and quartz substrates at various substrate temperatures (room temperature–973 K) at an optimized oxygen partial pressure of 3×10^?2 mbar using pulsed laser deposition technique. The effect of substrate temperature on microstructural, optical and mechanical properties of the films is investigated. The X-ray diffraction studies show that the films deposited at temperatures ≤773 K are monoclinic, while the films deposited at temperatures ≥873 K show both monoclinic and tetragonal phases. Tetragonal phase content increases with the increase of substrate temperatures. The surface morphology and roughness are investigated using atomic force microscope in contact mode. The optical properties of the films show that the refractive indices (at 550 nm) are found to increase from 1.84 to 2.35 as the temperature raises from room temperature (RT) to 973 K. Nanoindentation measurements show that the hardness of the films is 11.8 and 13.7 GPa for the films deposited at 300 and 973 K, respectively.     

直流反应磁控溅射在氮化的蓝宝石衬底上制备AlN薄膜

通过直流磁控反应溅射装置,在蓝宝石(0001)衬底和氮化的蓝宝石(0001)衬底上成功制备了氮化铝(AIN)薄膜。利用X射线衍射仪、原子力学显微镜和双光束扫描分光计,研究了蓝宝石氮化对AIN薄膜结构、应力、晶粒尺寸、形貌和光学性质的影响。X射线衍射研究表明:制备的AIN薄膜具有较强的(0002)择优取向,蓝宝石衬底的氮化不仅能够改善AIN结晶质量,而且还可以减少薄膜的残余应力。但是,原子力学显微镜结果表明:在蓝宝石衬底上制备的AIN薄膜的晶粒大小分布比在氮化的蓝宝石衬底上制备的AIN薄膜的晶粒大小分布更加均匀。我们认为,蓝宝石衬底在氮化的过程中形成的AIN具有过多的位错和缺陷,正是这些位错和缺陷造成了在氮化的蓝宝石衬底上制备的AIN薄膜的晶粒大小分布的不均匀性。吸收光谱显示:蓝宝石衬底的氮化并没有对AIN薄膜的光学性质产生明显的改善。     

基片温度对PLD制备ZnO薄膜光学常数的影响

光谱椭偏仪被用来研究用脉冲激光沉积方法在Si(100)基片上,温度分别为400,500,600,700 ℃制备的ZnO薄膜的特性。利用三层Cauchy散射模型拟合椭偏参数,计算了每个温度下制备的ZnO薄膜在400~800 nm波长范围内的折射率(n)和消光系数(k)。发现基片温度对光学常数有很大的影响。通过分析XRD表征的晶体结构和 AFM表征的薄膜表面形貌,发现折射率的变化归因于薄膜堆积密度的变化。为了获得具有较好的光学和薄膜质量的ZnO薄膜,相比与其他沉积温度600 ℃或许是最佳的沉积温度。     

Physical investigations on pulsed laser deposited nanocrystalline ZnO thin films

The nanocrystalline ZnO thin films were deposited by pulsed laser deposition on quartz and i-Si (100) substrates at different substrate temperatures (473 K–873 K) and at different mixed partial pressures (0.05, 0.01, and 0.5 mbar) of Ar+O₂. The structural studies from XRD spectra reveals that the films deposited at 0.05 mbar and at lower substrate temperatures were c-axis oriented with predominant (002) crystallographic orientation. At 873 K along with (002) orientation, additional crystallographic orientations were also observed in case of films deposited at 0.01 and 0.5 mbar pressures. The composition of Zinc and Oxygen in ZnO films from EDAX reveals that the films deposited at lower partial pressures were have high at.% of O₂ whereas higher partial pressures and substrate temperatures had high at.% Zn. The surface microstructure of the films show that the films deposited at lower partial pressures (0.05 mbar ) and at lower substrate temperatures (473 K) were found to have nanoparticles of size 15 nm where as films deposited at 873 K have nanorods. The length of these nanorods increases with increasing Ar+O₂ partial pressure to 0.5 mbar. The optical energy gap of the film deposited at lower partial pressure and substrate temperature was 3.3 eV and decrease with the increase of substrate temperatures. The films deposited at 0.5 mbar and at 873 K emitted an intense luminescence at a wavelength of 390 nm. The measured thickness of deposited films by spectroscopic ellipsometry is around 456 nm.     

Deposition of quasi-crystal Al-doped ZnO thin films for photovoltaic device applications

Quasi-crystal aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) films were prepared by in situ radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering (sputtering without annealing) on glass substrates. The influence of deposition parameters on the optoelectronic and structural properties of the in situ deposited quasi-crystal AZO films was investigated in order to compare resulting samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show that the quasi-crystal AZO thin films have excellent crystallization improved with increase of the RF power and substrate temperature, with an extremely preferential c-axis orientation exhibit sharp and narrow XRD pattern similar to that of single-crystal. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images show that quasi-crystal AZO thin films have uniform grains and the grain size increase with the increase of RF power and substrate temperature. Craters of irregular size with the columnar structure are observed in the quasi-crystal AZO thin films at a lower substrate temperature while many spherical shaped grains appeared at a higher substrate temperature. The average optical transmittance of all the quasi-crystal AZO films was over 85% in the 400-800 nm wavelength range. The resistivity of 4.176 × 10⁻⁴ Ω cm with the grain size of 76.4891 nm was obtained in the quasi-crystal AZO thin film deposited at 300 °C, under sputtering power of 140 W.