固相萃取/高效液相色谱荧光法测定草珊瑚中苯并[α]芘残留

采用固相萃取方法,建立了草珊瑚中苯并[α]芘的高效液相色谱荧光测定方法。以正己烷为提取溶剂对草珊瑚样品进行提取,经中性氧化铝固相萃取柱净化样品后,用高效液相色谱荧光检测器检测,荧光检测器激发波长为370 nm,发射波长为425 nm,流动相为乙腈-水(85∶15),流速为1.0 m L/min。结果表明:苯并[α]芘在0~20 ng/m L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)为0.999 9,定量下限为0.36μg/kg,回收率为84.4%~101.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.6%~5.6%。该方法准确,灵敏度高,重复性好,适用于植物药材中苯并[α]芘残留的测定。     

采用新型固相萃取柱快速测定食用植物油中苯并［a］芘

研究了Bond Elut ENV新型固相萃取柱在食用植物油中苯并[a]芘快速检测中的应用,建立了快速测定食用植物油样品中苯并[a]芘残留量的固相萃取/液相色谱/荧光检测法。样品用正己烷溶解,固相萃取净化,SUPELCOSILTMLC-PAH(25 cm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱分离,以乙腈-水(95∶5)为流动相,荧光检测(λex=297 nm,λem=408 nm),外标法定量。苯并[a]芘的检出限为0.3μg/kg,在1.0～50.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 6,方法的回收率为79%～102%,相对标准偏差不高于9.4%。该方法准确、实用、简便、快速,在食用植物油的苯并[a]芘残留量检测方面有广泛的应用前景。     

Rapid Determination of Benzo[a] pyrene in Edible Vegetable Oil Using a New Type of Solid Phase Extraction Column

研究了Bond Elut ENV新型固相萃取柱在食用植物油中苯并[a]芘快速检测中的应用,建立了快速测定食用植物油样品中苯并[a]芘残留量的固相萃取/液相色谱/荧光检测法.样品用正己烷溶解,固相萃取净化,SUPELCOSILTM LC - PAH(25 cm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱分离,以乙腈-水(95:5)为流动相,荧光检测(λ(n) =297 nm,λem=408 nm),外标法定量.苯并[a]芘的检出限为0.3μg/kg,在1.0 ～50.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9996,方法的回收率为79％～102％,相对标准偏差不高于9.4％.该方法准确、实用、简便、快速,在食用植物油的苯并[a]芘残留量检测方面有广泛的应用前景.     

高效液相色谱法测定生活饮用水中的苯并[a]芘

建立高效液相色谱二极管阵列检测器检测生活饮用水苯并[a]芘的测定方法。采用C18反相色谱柱(150mm×4.6 mm,5μm),在流动相为甲醇–水(体积比为90∶10)、流量1.0 mL/min、检测波长295 nm、柱温35℃、进样体积20μL的条件下测定生活饮用水中苯并[a]芘。该方法检出限为6 ng/L,线性范围0～100 ng/mL,加标回收率为88.1%～93.4%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.06%(n=9)。该法样品预处理简单,分离度高,分析时间短,适用于生活饮用水中苯并[a]芘的准确定性定量测定。     

气相色谱质谱法测定化妆品中9种多环芳烃

建立了气相色谱质谱法测定化妆品中9种多环芳烃的分析方法。化妆品中的萘、苯并[a]蒽、、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[j]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[e]芘、苯并[a]芘、二苯并[a,h]蒽等9种多环芳烃用甲醇超声提取后,用环己烷液-液萃取后浓缩,经硅胶-中性氧化铝柱净化后,采用气相色谱-质谱测定。多环芳烃浓度在0.05～2 mg/L范围内,质量浓度与其峰面积呈良好的线性关系。在低、中、高3个添加水平下,9种多环芳烃化合物的平均回收率为81.6%～100.2%,相对标准偏差为1.3%～5.8%。方法可用于化妆品中多环芳烃的检测。     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定螺旋藻中苯并[a]芘残留

建立了高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定螺旋藻中苯并[a]芘残留的分析方法。螺旋藻样品用正己烷提取,经中性Al2O3固相萃取(SPE)柱净化。用Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱分离,流动相为乙腈-水(85∶15,V/V),流速1.0mL/min,荧光检测器检测。苯并[a]芘的质量浓度在0~20ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.9999,检出限为0.12μg/kg,定量限为0.40μg/kg,回收率为96.60%~101.2%,相对标准偏差为1.38%~5.68%。该方法准确,灵敏度高,重复性好,适用于螺旋藻中苯并[a]芘残留的测定。     

在线液相-气相二维色谱测定卷烟主流烟气中的苯并[a]芘

建立了在线液相-气相二维色谱测定卷烟主流烟气中的苯并[a]芘方法.采用剑桥滤片捕集烟气粒相物,环己烷萃取,以D12-苯并[a]芘为内标,然后用在线液相-气相二维色谱测定:样品直接进样进入液相色谱,经微型硅胶柱分离,含苯并[a]芘的部位切割进人气相色谱,排干溶剂后启动气相色谱升温,经毛细管柱进行分离,用质谱检测.本方法将烟气苯并[a]芘测定中的硅胶柱层析和气相色谱-质谱分析在线连接起来,可不经样品前处理净化直接进样分析;而且每次进样可达40 μL,与常规气相色谱-质谱分析最大进样2.0 μ.L相比,分析灵敏度提高了20倍.方法线性范围达0.08～ 50 ng/L,相关系数为r2=0.999,回收率为94.2％～105.5％;检出限和定量限分别为0.09和0.30 ng/支,应用本方法对14个不同类型市售卷烟和2R4F标准烟进行了测定,结果与GB/T21130-2007测定结果相符合.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱-荧光法测定方便面和烤肠中的苯并[a]芘

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱-荧光法检测方便面和烤肠中苯并[a]芘的方法。采用正己烷作为提取溶剂,经苯并[a]芘专用固相萃取柱HiCapt Benzo富集净化,高效液相色谱-荧光法对样品中苯并[a]芘进行分离分析。苯并[a]芘的质量浓度在0.5~20.0μg/kg范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R2为0.9997。方便面和烤肠中苯并[a]芘的加标回收率分别为92.2%~98.3%和95.9%~97.9%,日内和日间相对标准偏差分别为3.34%~5.01%和2.11%~4.07%。与传统方法相比,该方法快速简单、有机溶剂消耗少,在油炸烟熏食品的苯并[a]芘分析中具有较大应用前景。     

GC–MS法同时测定聚氨酯塑胶跑道中16种多环芳烃

建立气相色谱–质谱法同时测定聚氨酯塑胶跑道中16种多环芳烃如萘、苊、二氢苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、芘、苯并[a]蒽、屈、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘、1-甲基奈、2-甲基萘的检测方法。样品采用甲苯为提取剂,经超声提取和硅胶柱净化后,用气相色谱–质谱法测定16种多环芳烃残留量。16种多环芳烃的质量浓度在0.2~10.0 mg/kg范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,线性相关系数r20.998,检出限为5.0~60.0μg/kg。回收率为72.4%~101.6%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.9%~7.2%(n=6)。该方法准确度高、精密度好,适用于聚氨酯塑胶跑道中多环芳烃多残留检测。     

皂化提取-高效液相色谱荧光法测定油炸食品中5种多环芳烃

建立了皂化提取-高效液相色谱荧光法测定油炸食品中苯并(a)芘、苯并(a)蒽、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽及苯并[g,h,i]苝等5种多环芳烃的检测方法。油炸食品样品经皂化法处理,用正己烷提取,经浓缩处理后,用乙腈溶解,经高效液相色谱荧光定量检测。分离柱为Waters PAH C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm i.d.,5μm);流动相为水-乙腈体系,梯度洗脱;流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长:苯并(a)蒽:λex=290 nm,λem=400 nm;其它4种目标物:λex=290 nm,λem=430 nm。不同基质样品中5种多环芳烃的定量限为0.1~0.6μg/kg。不同基质样品中5种多环芳烃的回收率为84.7%~106.3%,RSD为1.1%~3.2%(n=6),在相应浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.999。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。