Abel群的一些分解定理的推广(Ⅲ)

从主理想整环上有界模分解的Prüfer-Baer定理出发,研究(无限维)向量空间的代数的线性变换的几个基本问题,得到了如下结果:设V是域F上的(无限维)向量空间,A是V上的一个代数的线性变换,则有(1)若任何与A可交换的线性变换均与线性变换B可交换,则B=f(A),其中f是F上的多项式.进而线性变换B也是代数的.(2) V中存在一组基,使A在这组基下的矩阵是有理标准型(经典标准型)矩阵.当F是代数闭域时,经典标准型矩阵即为若当标准型矩阵.(3)当F是代数闭域时,A存在相应的Jordan-Chevalley分解.进一步,该结论在完全域上仍成立.这些研究推广了有限维向量空间上线性变换的相关结果.     

交换环上全矩阵代数的迹恒等式

本文研究了交换环上全矩阵代数的迹恒等式，特别研究了积的迹为零的多项式．     

一类方阵特征值的四种求法

设A为数域F上的三阶矩阵,a是F上的三维向量,a,Aa,A^2a线性无关,且3Aa-2A^2a-A^3a=0,分别利用相似矩阵、特征方程、特征值和特征向量的定义及性质,可以得出求矩阵A的特征值的4种方法．     

交换环上全矩阵代数迹恒等式的几个定理

本文研究了交换环上全矩阵代数的迹恒等式，特别研究了积的迹为零的多项式，它好比矩阵或多项式正交，在现代物理学中有着十分广泛的应用．     

关于两个矩阵之和逆阵的讨论

在数域F上的n阶矩阵环中讨论两个矩阵之和的逆阵（A＋B）-1与矩阵A,B之逆A-1,B-1的关系,给出复数域和实数域上等式（A＋B）-1=A-1＋B-1成立的充要条件.     

交换环上的形式矩阵环的零因子和零因子图（英文）

本文主要研究交换环R上的形式矩阵环M_n(R;{S_(ijk)})的零因子和零因子图.首先给出了环上形式线性方程组的概念,并且得到了交换环上形式齐次线性方程组有非平凡解的充分必要条件.然后证明了A是M_n(R;{S_(ijk)})的零因子当且仅当A的行列式是R的零因子当且仅当A是R[A]的零因子.最后研究了交换环R上的形式矩阵环M_n(R;{S_(ijk)})的零因子图的性质.     

非交换主理想整环上三矩阵乘积的Moore-Penrose逆的倒换顺序律

本文研究非交换主理想整环R上三矩阵乘积M-P逆的倒序律成立的刻划问题文中阐述R上矩阵的秩的定义,并利用R上矩阵与 R所嵌入的商除环K上矩阵的秩之间的关系,把文[2]中复矩阵的主要结果直至推广到R上,得到了倒序律成立的若干个刻划.     

Hilbert空间中算子迹的Bellman不等式

本文利用矩阵论和泛函分析知识,证明了在Hilbert空间中算子迹的Bellman不等式tr(AB)^k≤tr(A^kB^k)当A,B为正迹类算子时,对一切自然数k都成立;当A,B为自伴迹类算子时,对一切偶数k都成立.     

完全正矩阵的整数分解

n阶矩阵A称为完全正的,如果A有分解:A=BB^T,其中B为元素非负矩阵,B的最小可能列数称为A的分解指数.本文考察低阶双非负矩阵在整数环上的完全正分解及其分解指数.     

体上特征矩阵的法式与弱法式存在定理

<正> 设 K 为任意体(非交换域),A 为 K 上一个 n 阶矩阵.在[1]文中,我们证明了:特征矩阵λI—A 在非交换多项式环 K[λ]上的初等变换下,可以化为(其中φ_1|φ_2表可左、右整除):     

从对称矩阵代数到全矩阵代数的线性群逆保持

设F是一个特征不为2的域,Mn(F)和Sn(F)分别记F上的n×n全矩阵代数和对称矩阵代数.所有的从Sn(F)到Mn(F)的保群逆的线性映射被刻划,作为一个中间步骤,三个矩阵的同时相似标准形也被证明.这个标准形简化了从Sn(F)到Mn(F)的保群逆的线性映射的刻划.     

Non-commutative Hopf algebra of formal diffeomorphisms

This paper deals with two Hopf algebras which are the non-commutative analogues of two different groups of formal power series. The first group is the set of invertible series with the group law being multiplication of series, while the second is the set of formal diffeomorphisms with the group law being a composition of series. The motivation to introduce these Hopf algebras comes from the study of formal series with non-commutative coefficients. Invertible series with non-commutative coefficients still form a group, and we interpret the corresponding new non-commutative Hopf algebra as an alternative to the natural Hopf algebra given by the co-ordinate ring of the group, which has the advantage of being functorial in the algebra of coefficients. For the formal diffeomorphisms with non-commutative coefficients, this interpretation fails, because in this case the composition is not associative anymore. However, we show that for the dual non-commutative algebra there exists a natural co-associative co-product defining a non-commutative Hopf algebra. Moreover, we give an explicit formula for the antipode, which represents a non-commutative version of the Lagrange inversion formula, and we show that its coefficients are related to planar binary trees. Then we extend these results to the semi-direct co-product of the previous Hopf algebras, and to series in several variables. Finally, we show how the non-commutative Hopf algebras of formal series are related to some renormalization Hopf algebras, which are combinatorial Hopf algebras motivated by the renormalization procedure in quantum field theory, and to the renormalization functor given by the double-tensor algebra on a bi-algebra.     

(Quasi-)Poisson enveloping algebras

We introduce the quasi-Poisson enveloping algebra and Poisson enveloping algebra for a non-commutative Poisson algebra. We prove that for a non-commutative Poisson algebra, the category of quasi-Poisson modules is equivalent to the category of left modules over its quasi-Poisson enveloping algebra, and the category of Poisson modules is equivalent to the category of left modules over its Poisson enveloping algebra.     

Generalized fuzzy matrices

We give a systematic development of fuzzy matrix theory. Many of our results generalize to matrices over the two element Boolean algebra, over the nonnegative real numbers, over the nonnegative integers, and over the semirings, and we present these generalizations. Our first main result is that while spaces of fuzzy vectors do not have a unique basis in general they have a unique standard basis, and the cardinality of any two bases are equal. Thus concepts of row and column basis, row and column rank can be defined for fuzzy matrices. Then we study Green's equivalence classes of fuzzy matrices. New we give criteria for a fuzzy matrix to be regular and prove that the row and column rank of any regular fuzzy matrix are equal. Various inverses are also studied. In the next section, we obtain bounds for the index and period of a fuzzy matrix.     

On poset similarity

Let P be a poset, and let A be an element of its strict incidence algebra. Saks (SIAM J. Algebraic Discrete Methods 1 (1980) 211–215; Discrete Math. 59 (1986) 135–166) and Gansner (SIAM J. Algebraic Discrete Methods 2 (1981) 429–440) proved that the kth Dilworth number of P is less than or equal to the dimension of the nullspace of A^k, and that there is some member of the strict incidence algebra of P for which equality is attained (for all k simultaneously). In this paper we focus attention on the question of when equality is attained with the strict zeta matrix, and proceed under a particular random poset model. We provide an invariant depending only on two measures of nonunimodality of the level structure for the poset that, with probability tending to 1 as the smallest level tends to infinity, takes on the same value as the inequality gap between the width of P and the dimension of the nullspace of its strict zeta matrix. In particular, we characterize the level structures for which the width of P is, with probability tending to 1, equal to the dimension of the nullspace of its strict zeta matrix. As a consequence, by the Kleitman–Rothschild Theorem 5, almost all posets in the Uniform random poset model have width equal to the dimension of the nullspace of their zeta matrices. We hope this is a first step toward a complete characterization of when equality holds in Saks’ and Gansner's inequality for the strict zeta matrix and for all k. New to this paper are also the canonical representatives of the poset similarity classes (where two posets are said to be similar if their strict zeta matrices are similar in the matrix-theoretic sense), and these form the setting for our work on Saks’ and Gansner's inequalities. (Also new are two functions that measure the nonunimodality of a sequence of real numbers.)     

Decomposition of Matrices into Involutory Matrices and Symmetric Matrices

Let \Omega be a field, and let F denote the Frobenius matrix: $[F = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} 0&{ - {\alpha _n}}\{{E_{n - 1}}}&\alpha \end{array}} \right)\]$ where \alpha is an n-1 dimentional vector over Q, and E_n- 1 is identity matrix over \Omega. Theorem 1. There hold two elementary decompositions of Frobenius matrix: (i) F=SJB, where S, J are two symmetric matrices, and B is an involutory matrix; (ii) F=CQD, where O is an involutory matrix, Q is an orthogonal matrix over \Omega, and D is a diagonal matrix. We use the decomposition (i) to deduce the following two theorems: Theorem 2. Every square matrix over \Omega is a product of twe symmetric matrices and one involutory matrix. Theorem 3. Every square matrix over \Omega is a product of not more than four symmetric matrices. By using the decomposition (ii), we easily verify the following Theorem 4(Wonenburger-Djokovic') . The necessary and sufficient condition that a square matrix A may be decomposed as a product of two involutory matrices is that A is nonsingular and similar to its inverse A^-1 over Q (See [2, 3]). We also use the decomosition (ii) to obtain Theorem 5. Every unimodular matrix is similar to the matrix CQB, where C, B are two involutory matrices, and Q is an orthogonal matrix over Q. As a consequence of Theorem 5. we deduce immediately the following Theorem 6 (Gustafson-Halmos-Radjavi). Every unimodular matrix may be decomposed as a product of not more than four involutory matrices (See [1] ). Finally, we use the decomposition (ii) to derive the following Thoerem 7. If the unimodular matrix A possesses one invariant factor which is not constant polynomial, or the determinant of the unimodular matrix A is I and A possesses two invariant factors with the same degree (>0), then A may be decomposed as a product of three involutory matrices. All of the proofs of the above theorems are constructive.     

Additive maps preserving M-P inverses of matrices over Fields

Suppose F is a field of characteristic not 2 or 3. A characterization is given for all additive maps, on the algebra of all n × n matrices over F. which preserve Moore -Penrose(M-P) Inverses of matrices.     

τ-可测正算子生成的交换子的若干不等式

设M是具有正规忠实的半有限迹τ的von Neumann代数,‖.‖ρ是任意非交换Banach函数空间范数,‖.‖是M上的通常范数.证明了若A和B是τ-可测正算子,X∈M,则‖AX-XB‖ρ≤‖X‖‖AB‖ρ.还证明了若A,B是M中的正算子,X是τ-可测算子,则‖AX-XB‖ρ≤max(‖A‖,‖B‖)‖X‖ρ.由此得到了若A∈M是正算子,X是τ-可测正算子,则‖AX-XA‖ρ≤1/2‖A‖‖XX‖ρ.     

A hydrodynamic exercise in free probability: Setting up free Euler equations

For the free probability analogue of Euclidean space endowed with the Gaussian measure we apply the approach of Arnold to derive Euler equations for a Lie algebra of non-commutative vector fields which preserve a certain trace. We extend the equations to vector fields satisfying non-commutative smoothness requirements. We introduce a cyclic vorticity and show that it satisfies vorticity equations and that it produces a family of conserved quantities.