聚甲基丙烯酸-聚酯接枝共聚物

本工作合成了含有聚甲基丙烯酸和各种聚酯(聚ω-羟基庚酸酯,聚ω-羟基壬酸酯或聚ω-羟基十一酸酯)的接枝共聚物。结果表明,接枝共聚物的产率和反应速率与原料的比例以及所用聚酯结构单位中—CH_2—数目有关。 所得接枝共聚物只溶于含有极性和非极性的溶剂(例如苯甲醇)中,它在单一的极性或非极性溶剂中的溶胀度与接枝共聚物中聚甲基丙烯酸主链和聚酯枝链的比值以及所用聚酯分子结构有关。 不同聚酯枝链的结构和含量使所得的接枝共聚物具有不同的结晶度。结晶形的接枝共聚物有可能形成球晶。 接枝共聚物在高于原来聚酯的熔点和高于ΠMAK的分解温度以上的宽广温度范围内(220—250℃)出现高弹态。     

甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯共聚物的研究

含有甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯的聚合物是热活性高分子,它们可以被用来合成体型共聚物或接枝共聚物。 当甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、和甲基丙烯酸三种单体一起进行共聚合时,首先得到一种綫型的共聚物。这种共聚物经过在120℃以上热处理,就转化成一种透明的体型的共聚物,红外光谱的研究证示,在热处理时分子链间的环氧基和羧基起了反应,交联的结果使共聚物的玻璃化温度由110℃左右提高到150℃左右。 把甲基丙磷酸环氧丙酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物与消去末端氨基的聚己内酰胺共溶于热的苯甲醇并150℃加热,可以得到一种接枝共聚物。这种接枝共聚物一旦析出并干燥以后,在常温下不溶于包括苯甲醇、间甲苯酚在内的大多数溶剂,但却易溶于极性较强的溶剂如98％的甲酸。这个反常的表现被认为是由于分子链间氢键作用所引起的。 作为骨干的甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物及其聚己内酰胺的接枝共聚物在苯甲醇及在间甲苯酚中作了溶液粘度测定,在间甲苯酚溶液内,由于接枝,Huggins常数k′值增加了;但在苯甲醇溶液内,k′值却无甚变化。这说明由于主链和枝链化学性貭的不同,溶剂对它们的作用不一样,接枝对溶液粘度的影响不能和普通的枝化高分子等 量齐观。     

Poly(MMA-co-MBA-co-MA-POSS)三元共聚物溶液性质的反气相色谱表征

以20种溶剂作为探针分子,采用反气相色谱技术表征了甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基七环戊基倍半硅氧烷三元共聚物[poly(MMA-co-MBA-co-MA-POSS)]的一系列物理化学性质,并分析了溶剂探针分子与共聚物分子间的相互作用以及共聚物在溶剂中的溶解性.结果表明:在实验温度范围内(343～393K),乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、芳烃、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷是良溶剂,乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸戊酯、四氯化碳是中等溶剂,烷烃类和醇类是劣溶剂;随着共聚物中POSS含量的增大,溶剂探针分子溶解聚合物的能力增强,但引入POSS对共聚物的溶度参数无明显影响.     

PS-PMMA嵌段共聚物/PMMA在选择性溶剂中的自组装行为

用动态光散射和透射电镜研究了嵌段共聚物聚苯乙烯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PS-b-PMMA)和其对应的均聚物聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)在选择性溶剂四氢呋喃/环己烷(THF/CYH)中的自组装行为.选择性溶剂对PS嵌段是良溶剂,对PMMA嵌段和均聚物PMMA是非良溶剂,实验结果表明,在适当的分子量及组成条件下,PS-PMMA/PMMA在选择性溶剂中形成了单分散的纳米胶束,均聚物PMMA与PMMA嵌段一同形成了胶束的核,通过控制均聚物PMMA的量可以在较大的范围内调整胶束的尺寸.     

反气相色谱法表征聚合物表面性质的方法比较

以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸丁酯-苯乙烯基七环戊基多面齐聚倍半硅氧烷三元共聚物为模型聚合物,全面介绍了反气相色谱技术表征聚合物表面性质的方法,探讨了不同的计算方法对测定结果的影响。结果表明:Schultz方法和Dorris/Gray方法均可用于计算聚合物的表面能的色散分量γsD,但两者测得的γsD值存在一定的差异,且随温度的升高,差异逐渐增大,Dorris/Gray方法更适合于计算聚合物的γsD;而Sawyer、Schultz和Papirer 3种方法都能表征聚合物表面与极性探针的特殊相互作用以及聚合物表面的酸碱特征,其中以溶剂探针的沸点作参照点的Sawyer计算方法更具有简单、快捷的优点,更具有实用性。     

侧链取代的芴苯共聚物的光电性质及其溶剂化效应研究

采用Suzuki偶联聚合的方法合成了一系列化学结构明确、侧基性质(长度、体积、给/吸电子性质)不同的Hairy-Rod型芴苯共聚物. 通过光谱、电化学和模拟计算等手段研究了苯环上不同性质的侧基取代芴苯聚合物的发光性质、电化学性质和溶剂化效应等, 同时研究了侧基性质的变化对这些物理性质的影响规律. 苯环上烷基侧链长度的改变对取代共聚物的光谱、电化学和发光效率等影响很小|而随着苯环上烷氧基侧链长度的增加, 聚合物的光谱稳定性逐渐增强, 荧光发射光谱中的0-1转变逐渐被抑制, 荧光发射半峰宽减小. 苯环上取代侧基的给/吸电子性质变化对聚合物的光电性能具有全面的影响, 改变取代侧基的给/吸电子性质可调节芴苯共聚物的发光颜色和HOMO, LUMO能级以及HOMO-LUMO能隙等, 因此, 通过引入不同性质的侧基可实现对此类聚合物光物理性能的调控. 溶剂的极性对聚合物溶液的光谱性质具有显著影响, 溶液光谱随溶剂极性的增大逐渐向长波移动. 当聚合物本身带有强极性基团时, 在强极性溶剂中将发生聚合物分子链与溶剂分子间的强极性相互作用, 从而会引起更复杂的结果.     

C60-苯乙烯-顺丁烯二酸酐的三元自由基共聚

自从研制出克量的Ｃ6 0 [1],其在超导光、电、磁、生物等领域的研究迅速发展 .由于Ｃ6 0 只溶于几种非极性溶剂中 ,其使用受到限制 ,从而制备Ｃ6 0 的高分子衍生物一直被认为是Ｃ6 0 材料化的重要途径[2 6 ].文献 [39]报道 ,富勒烯与含双键的单体如苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯等可很方便地进行自由基共聚 ,得到富勒烯与烯类单体的共聚物 ,产物可溶于四氢呋喃等有机溶剂 .但迄今为止 ,可溶于水或其它强极性溶剂中的Ｃ6 0 聚合物研究的很少[10 ,11],而Ｃ6 0 的三元共聚物的制备几乎未见报道 ,为此 ,我们采用自由基共聚制备了Ｃ6 0 苯乙烯 顺丁烯…     

氯甲基聚苯乙烯的鋰金属化反应及其在接枝聚合上的应用

使用不同条件,如不同溶剂、温度、反应时间、丁基锂用量及加料次序,将氯甲基化聚苯乙烯与丁基锂反应;然后选择没有交联的产物,使其与甲基丙烯酸甲酯进行接枝聚合。另外,又用氯甲基化聚苯乙烯在金属锂的存在下与甲基丙烯酸甲酯反应。 在乙醚溶液制得的聚苯乙烯次甲基锂与甲基丙烯酸甲酯反应不能分离出聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯及它的接枝共聚物。在甲苯溶液所制得的聚苯乙烯次甲基锂(表1甲_(45)及甲_(46))与甲基丙烯酸甲酯反应,产物通过分离提钝后,由元素分析,水解与交换量测定,浊度滴定,及红外光谱证明系接枝共聚物。甲基丙烯酸甲酯约占该接枝体重量的50％左右。 氯甲基化聚苯乙烯在金属锂存在下与甲基丙烯酸甲酯反应,产物通过分离提钝后,用浊度测定、水解后滴定交换量与热机械曲线也证明是接枝共聚物,但甲基丙烯酸甲酯只占该接枝体重量的3—3.5％左右。     

洗滤-萃取法去除原子转移自由基聚合法制备PMMA-b-PLLA-b-PMMA嵌段聚合物中的Cu离子

采用洗滤-萃取法去除原子转移自由基聚合法(ATRP)制备的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-聚L-乳酸-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA-b-PLLA-b-PMMA)嵌段共聚物中残留金属Cu离子。结果表明,采用二氯甲烷(DCM)溶解共聚物,用水或酸水洗滤-萃取,当重复洗滤-萃取5次后,Cu离子的去除率能达到99%,所得嵌段共聚物的收率高于80%。与过Al2O3层析柱或溶剂溶解-沉淀方法相比,洗滤-萃取法操作简单、可节省大量的有机溶剂,具有工业化前景。     

洗滤-萃取法去除ATRP法制备PMMA-b-PLLA-b-PMMA嵌段聚合物中的Cu离子

采用洗滤-萃取法去除原子转移自由基聚合法(ATRP)制备的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-聚L-乳酸-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA-b-PLLA-b-PMMA)嵌段共聚物中残留金属Cu离子。 结果表明,采用二氯甲烷(DCM)溶解共聚物,用水或酸水洗滤-萃取,当重复洗滤 萃取5次后,Cu离子的去除率能达到99%,所得嵌段共聚物的收率高于80%。 与过Al2O3层析柱或溶剂溶解 沉淀方法相比,洗滤-萃取法操作简单、可节省大量的有机溶剂,具有工业化前景。     

THE COMPATIBILITY OF BLENDS OF POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE) OR CHLORINATED POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE) WITH POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE)

IR spectral shifts of carbonyl vibrational absorption for ethyl acetate, which acts analogically as the structural unit of poly(methyl methacrylate), in cyclohexane, chloroform, chlorinated paraffins, poly(vinyl chloride) and chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) were measured. The results suggest that there are specific interactions between the carbonyl groups and the chlorinated hydrocarbons which could be responsible for the apparent compatibility of poly(vinyl chloride)—poly(methyl methacrylate) and chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride)—poly(methyl methacrylate) blends. Additionally, the effects of the preparation mode of blend films on phase separation and observed compatibility are discussed.     

SYNTHESIS OF POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE)-graft-POLYSTYRENE BY ATOM TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION

The radical copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate was carried out via atomtransfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiated by ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate and catalyzed by CuBr/2,2'-bipyridinecomplex. This polymerization proceeds in a living fashion with controlled molecular weight and low polydispersity. Theobtained copolymer was esterified with 2-bromoisobutylryl bromide yielding a macroinitiator, poly(methyl methacrylate-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-2-(2-bromoisobutyryloxy)ethyl methacrylate), and its structure was characterized by ~1H-NMR. This macroinitiator was used for ATRP of styrene to synthesize poly(methyl methacrylate)-graft-polystyrene. Themolecular weight of graft copolymer increased with the monomer conversion, and the polydispersity remained relatively low.The individual grafted polystyrene chains were cleaved from the macroinitiator backbone by hydrolysis and the hydrolyzed product was characterized by ~1H-NMR and GPC.     

CuX2络合物催化甲基丙烯酸甲酯的氧化聚合

研究了高氧化态过渡金属卤化物络合物催化甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的氧化聚合.首先在叔胺类聚合物存在条件下以CuBr2/2,2′-联吡啶(bPy)络合物催化MMA在不同溶剂中的氧化聚合,结果在环己酮中得到PMMA均聚物,CuBr2/bPy同叔胺的氧化还原引发可以忽略.随后在环己酮中分别以不同络合物催化MMA的氧化聚合.结果...     

原子转移自由基聚合制备聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-b-苯乙烯)时单体聚合顺序对嵌段效率的影响

采用原子转移自由基聚合研究了聚（ 甲基丙烯酸甲酯 ｂ 苯乙烯） 嵌段共聚物的合成,实验结果表明,当先进行甲基丙烯酸甲酯的聚合,然后再进行苯乙烯的聚合时,得到了完全的嵌段共聚物;反之,如果改变单体的聚合顺序,则嵌段效率很低．用聚合物末端Ｃ—Ｘ（Ｘ＝ Ｃｌ,Ｂｒ） 键的断裂能对实验结果进行了解释．     

异戊二烯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段共聚物的合成与微结构研究

用稀土催化剂ＲＥ（Ｐ２０４）３ （ｉ Ｂｕ）３Ａｌ ＢｒＣＨ２ＣＨ２Ｂｒ（ＲＥ＝Ｎｄ,Ｐｒ,Ｙ等）合成嵌段共聚物Ｐ（ＩＰ ｂ ＭＭＡ）．系统考察了共聚合反应特征,以ＤＳＣ,１Ｈ ＮＭＲ,１３Ｃ ＮＭＲ技术研究了该嵌段共聚物的微结构．发现以二溴乙烷为添加剂的稀土催化体系是制备Ｐ（ＩＰ ｂ ＭＭＡ）的良好催化剂,共聚物含２个玻璃化转变温度,分别为－７５６℃和１２９℃,嵌段共聚物的结构规整,（ＩＰ）ｍ段以ｃｉｓ １,４结构为主,其含量为９７％左右,３,４ 结构为３％左右,链节间以头 尾方式连接．（ＭＭＡ）ｎ段以间同立构为主,其含量达７４％．     

Block copolymer mediated synthesis of amphiphilic gold nanoparticles in water and an aqueous tetrahydrofuran medium: An approach for the preparation of polymer–gold nanocomposites

The synthesis of polymer‐matrix‐compatible amphiphilic gold (Au) nanoparticles with well‐defined triblock polymer poly[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] and diblock polymers poly(methyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate], polystyrene‐b‐poly[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate], and poly(t‐butyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] in water and in aqueous tetrahydrofuran (tetrahydrofuran/H₂O = 20:1 v/v) at room temperature is reported. All these amphiphilic block copolymers were synthesized with atom transfer radical polymerization. The variations of the position of the plasmon resonance band and the core diameter of such block copolymer functionalized Au particles with the variation of the surface functionality, solvent, and molecular weight of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of the block copolymers were systematically studied. Different types of polymer–Au nanocomposite films [poly(methyl methacrylate)–Au, poly(t‐butyl methacrylate)–Au, polystyrene–Au, poly(vinyl alcohol)–Au, and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)–Au] were prepared through the blending of appropriate functionalized Au nanoparticles with the respective polymer matrices {e.g., blending poly[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate‐stabilized Au with the poly(methyl methacrylate)matrix only}. The compatibility of specific block copolymer modified Au nanoparticles with a specific homopolymer matrix was determined by a combination of ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry analyses. The facile formation of polymer–Au nanocomposites with a specific block copolymer stabilized Au particle was attributed to the good compatibility of block copolymer coated Au particles with a specific polymer matrix. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1841–1854, 2006     

EFFECTS OF SOLVENT TREATMENT ON SURFACE MORPHOLOGY AND COMPOSITION OF POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE)-g-POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE)

Surface morphology and composition of solution-cast films of poly(methyl methacrylate)-g-poly(ethylene oxide)(PMMA-g-PEO) were investigated by using XPS, DSC, SEM and contact angle measurement. The microphase separatedstructure of the copolymers was studied by TEM. Generally, for the same graft copolymer, the surface content of PEO orhydrophilicity can be as follows: Surface treated with petroleum ether or cyclohexane>surface untreated with solvent>surface treated with water or ethyl alcohol. Graft copolymer having longer PEO side chains and higher PEO content shows aseparated PEO phase with even a certain degree of crystallinity on the surface. PEO crystallinity was destroyed by water orethyl alcohol treatment, however, surface treatment with petroleum ether or cyclohexane favors the growth of PEO crystal.TEM shows that graft copolymers with longer PEO side chains (M_n of PEO, 3200) may readily undergo microphase separation and the shape and size of domains depend on the copolymer's composition.     

Tacticity control in the radical polymerization of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate with fluoroalcohol

The free-radical polymerization of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TEMA) was carried out in fluoroalcohols to achieve stereoregulation. The polymerization reactivity at low temperature and syndiotactic specificity were enhanced by the use of fluoroalcohol as a solvent. The polymer having triad syndiotacticity (rr) of 70% was obtained in perfluoro-t-butyl alcohol. It was noted that the stereochemistry was nearly independent of reaction temperature. The stereoeffect of fluoroalcohols seemed to be due to the hydrogen-bonding interaction between the alcohol and the monomer or growing species. The hydrogen-bonding formation was determined by FTIR. The copolymerization of TEMA with methyl methacrylate (MMA) in hexafluoroisopropanol afforded a copolymer with syndiotactic specificity. By this method, a cladding material for an optical fiber based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with high mechanical strength and low refractive index could be obtained.     

Synthesis,surface accumulation,and micellar properties of amphiphilic block copolymers

Amphiphilic block copolymers, i.e., poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(2-dimethylethylammoniumethyl methacrylate), were synthesized by the reaction between two prepolymers. Carboxyl-terminated poly(methyl methacrylate) and hydroxyl-terminated poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) were prepared by radical polymerization of the corresponding monomers in the presence of thioglycolic acid and 2-mercaptoethanol as a chain transfer agent, respectively. Two condensation methods, i.e., DCC and the acid chloride method, were used for the reactions of these prepolymers. The subsequent quarternization produced the amphiphilic block copolymers. Surface property of poly(methyl methacrylate) films containing this amphiphilic block copolymer was examined by measuring contact angles for water. The addition of only 0.5 wt% of the block copolymer was sufficient to make poly(methyl methacrylate) surfaces hydrophilic. The block copolymer formed a polymeric micelle in acetone–water mixed solvent.     

聚甲基异丙烯基酮和聚异亚丙基丙酮的不对称硅氢化反应

光活性高分子的合成具有重要意义，它在生物活性高分子、用于不对称合成的高分子试剂或催化剂以及不对称选择性色谱柱填料等领域具有潜在的应用价值．研究表明，不对称选择性聚合反应难以获得高光学活性的高分子［１］，而手性过渡金属络合物催化的高分子不对称反应是获得...