洗滤-萃取法去除ATRP法制备PMMA-b-PLLA-b-PMMA嵌段聚合物中的Cu离子

采用洗滤-萃取法去除原子转移自由基聚合法(ATRP)制备的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-聚L-乳酸-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA-b-PLLA-b-PMMA)嵌段共聚物中残留金属Cu离子。 结果表明,采用二氯甲烷(DCM)溶解共聚物,用水或酸水洗滤-萃取,当重复洗滤 萃取5次后,Cu离子的去除率能达到99%,所得嵌段共聚物的收率高于80%。 与过Al2O3层析柱或溶剂溶解 沉淀方法相比,洗滤-萃取法操作简单、可节省大量的有机溶剂,具有工业化前景。     

阴离子聚合法合成PMMA-b-PMTFPS嵌段共聚物

以含缩醛官能团的有机锂为引发剂, 将甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)与含氟硅氧烷单体1,3,5-三甲基-1,3,5-三(3',3',3'-三氟丙基)环三硅氧烷(F3)阴离子嵌段共聚, 获得了窄分子量分布的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-b-聚[甲基(3,3,3-三氟丙基)硅氧烷](PMMA-b-PMTFPS)嵌段共聚物, 并用GPC, 1H NMR, FTIR和DSC对嵌段共聚物进行了表征. 研究结果表明, 在THF中利用PMMA-OLi对F3进行阴离子开环聚合时, 单体F3浓度的选择对提高嵌段共聚物产率至关重要.     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸酰胺嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

引发剂;苯胺;聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸酰胺嵌段共聚物的合成与表征     

PS-PMMA嵌段共聚物/PMMA在选择性溶剂中的自组装行为

用动态光散射和透射电镜研究了嵌段共聚物聚苯乙烯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PS-b-PMMA)和其对应的均聚物聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)在选择性溶剂四氢呋喃/环己烷(THF/CYH)中的自组装行为.选择性溶剂对PS嵌段是良溶剂,对PMMA嵌段和均聚物PMMA是非良溶剂,实验结果表明,在适当的分子量及组成条件下,PS-PMMA/PMMA在选择性溶剂中形成了单分散的纳米胶束,均聚物PMMA与PMMA嵌段一同形成了胶束的核,通过控制均聚物PMMA的量可以在较大的范围内调整胶束的尺寸.     

PPV-b-PMMA二嵌段共聚物的ATRP合成及其有序自组装

在分子设计的基础上,合成了以Br为端基的聚(2,5-二辛氧基对亚苯基亚乙烯基)(PPV-Br)低聚体,并采用甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)原子转移自由基聚合法,以该低聚体作为大分子引发剂,合成了PPV-b-PMMA二嵌段共聚物.经FTIR、UV-Vis、1H-NMR和GPC等表征手段证明,所合成的PPV-b-PMMA二嵌段共聚物具有分子设计的预定结构.PPV大分子引发剂和PPV-b-PMMA二嵌段共聚物的多分散性指数分别为1.3和1.2.在温度、氩气流速和相对湿度分别为22℃、0.2 m3/h和85%的条件下,以CS2为溶剂,实现了该二嵌段共聚物的高度有序六角蜂窝状结构薄膜的自组装.空穴的平均直径为1.7μm.     

多臂聚丙烯酸丁酯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段共聚物的合成及性能研究

采用电子转移再生催化剂原子转移自由基聚合(ARGET ATRP)制备了端羟基聚丙烯酸丁酯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段共聚物(HO-PBA-b-PMMA),在此基础上,与六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体(N3390)反应,合成了多臂聚丙烯酸丁酯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段共聚物.通过凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、核磁共振仪(1H-NMR)、傅里叶变换红外光谱计(FTIR)对聚合物的结构进行了表征,利用原子力显微镜(AFM)观察了其形貌,采用动态热机械分析仪(DMA)和万能拉伸机研究了聚合物的热性能、力学性能及多臂嵌段共聚物对PMMA的增韧性能.结果表明:成功制备了端羟基聚丙烯酸丁酯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,以及多臂聚丙烯酸丁酯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段共聚物.在异氰酸酯基/羟基(NCO/OH)摩尔比为1.2/1时,制得的多臂嵌段共聚物相对分子质量最大,Mark-Houwink参数α值最小,表明此时三臂嵌段共聚物最多.多臂嵌段聚合物的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率比线型聚合物均有明显提高,且在NCO/OH摩尔比为1.2/1时达到最大,分别为7.6 MPa和73%.多臂嵌段聚合物具有更高的玻璃化转变温度(Tg).通过原子力显微镜(AFM)表明,多臂聚丙烯酸丁酯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段共聚物形成了以聚丙烯酸丁酯链段为核,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯为壳的核壳结构.具有核壳结构的多臂聚丙烯酸丁酯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段共聚物对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯有明显的增韧作用.     

极性单体锂系阴离子嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

以酚锂作为副反应抑制剂, 以正丁基锂或1,1-二苯基乙烯盖帽的正丁基锂为引发剂, 通过顺次添加单体的方法, 合成了结构明确的聚异戊二烯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PI-b-PMMA)和聚甲基丙烯酸正丁酯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PBMA-b-PMMA)2种嵌段聚合物. 嵌段聚合反应中甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的转化率均高于90%, 通过核磁图谱计算的链节摩尔比与理论设计值吻合. PI-b-PMMA和PBMA-b-PMMA的分子量分别达到4×10⁴和1.6×10⁴. 在环己烷中, 通过顺次添加单体的方法, 合成了结构明确的聚苯乙烯-b-聚异戊二烯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PS-b-PI-b-PMMA)三嵌段共聚物, 各单体的转化率均达到100%, 并且产物中的链节摩尔比和理论设计值一致, 最终产物的分子量达到7.4×10⁴, 分子量分布仅为1.28, 为极性三嵌段热塑性弹性体以及有机玻璃透明增韧剂的工业化奠定了基础.     

温度和pH值双敏感的生物相容性三嵌段共聚物聚(2-乙基-2- 唑啉)-b-聚(ε-己内酯) -b-聚(L-谷氨酸)的合成和表征

研究了由温敏的聚(2-乙基-2-噁唑啉)和pH值敏感的聚(L-谷氨酸)组成的三嵌段共聚物,聚(2-乙基-2-噁唑啉)-b-聚(ε-己内酯)-b-聚(L-谷氨酸)的合成方法,(1)以对甲苯磺酸甲酯为引发剂引发2-乙基-2-噁唑啉进行正离子开环聚合反应,得到了羟基封端的聚(2-乙基-2-噁唑啉)(PEOz-OH);(2)以PEOz-OH为引发剂,以辛酸亚锡为催化剂,在氯苯中合成了PEOz-b-聚(ε-己内酯)两嵌段共聚物(PEOz-b-PCL-OH);(3)将PEOz-b-PCL-OH末端的羟基转换为氨基,得到氨基封端的两嵌段共聚物(PEOz-b-PCL-NH2);(4)以PEOz-b-PCL-NH2为引发剂引发γ-苄基-L-谷氨酸-N-羧酸酐(BLG-NCA)开环聚合,得到了PEOz-b-PCL-b-聚(γ-苄基-L-谷氨酸)(PEOz-b-PCL-b-PBLG)三嵌段共聚物;(5)以HBr的醋酸溶液为脱保护剂脱去苄基保护基,得到PEOz-b-PCL-b-聚(L-谷氨酸)(PEOz-b-PCL-b-PLGlu)三嵌段共聚物.采用1H-NMR、GPC和FT-IR表征了各步聚合物的结构、分子量和分子量分布.     

温度和pH值双敏感的生物相容性三嵌段共聚物聚(2-乙基-2-噁唑啉)-b-聚(ε-己内酯)-b-聚(L-谷氨酸)的合成和表征

研究了由温敏的聚(2-乙基-2-噁唑啉)和pH值敏感的聚(L-谷氨酸)组成的三嵌段共聚物,聚(2-乙基-2-噁唑啉)-b-聚(ε-己内酯)-b-聚(L-谷氨酸)的合成方法,(1)以对甲苯磺酸甲酯为引发剂引发2-乙基-2-噁唑啉进行正离子开环聚合反应,得到了羟基封端的聚(2-乙基-2-噁唑啉)(PEOz-OH);(2)以PEOz-OH为引发剂,以辛酸亚锡为催化剂,在氯苯中合成了PEOz-b-聚(ε-己内酯)两嵌段共聚物(PEOz-b-PCL-OH);(3)将PEOz-b-PCL-OH末端的羟基转换为氨基,得到氨基封端的两嵌段共聚物(PEOz-b-PCL-NH2);(4)以PEOz-b-PCL-NH2为引发剂引发γ-苄基-L-谷氨酸-N-羧酸酐(BLG-NCA)开环聚合,得到了PEOz-b-PCL-b-聚(γ-苄基-L-谷氨酸)(PEOz-b-PCL-b-PBLG)三嵌段共聚物;(5)以HBr的醋酸溶液为脱保护剂脱去苄基保护基,得到PEOz-b-PCL-b-聚(L-谷氨酸)(PEOz-b-PCL-b-PLGlu)三嵌段共聚物.采用1H-NMR、GPC和FT-IR表征了各步聚合物的结构、分子量和分子量分布.     

2-亚甲基丁二酸酐和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚反应研究

2—亚甲基—丁二酸酐(M_1,ITANH)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(M_2,MMA)在四氢呋喃(THF)中以过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)作引发剂进行自由基共聚合。由作图法衣得这两种单体在66℃的共聚竞聚率:表明它们趋于嵌均共聚。用粘度法和GPC测量了共聚物的分子量和分子量分布。共聚物在温和的条件下进行部分水解,得到一带有短的羧基侧链的聚电解质[11]。将[11]与无机盐LiClO_4混合后测得电导率δ-2.8272×10~(-4)S·cm~(-1),表明它具有较好的离子导电性。     

Synthesis,surface accumulation,and micellar properties of amphiphilic block copolymers

Amphiphilic block copolymers, i.e., poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(2-dimethylethylammoniumethyl methacrylate), were synthesized by the reaction between two prepolymers. Carboxyl-terminated poly(methyl methacrylate) and hydroxyl-terminated poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) were prepared by radical polymerization of the corresponding monomers in the presence of thioglycolic acid and 2-mercaptoethanol as a chain transfer agent, respectively. Two condensation methods, i.e., DCC and the acid chloride method, were used for the reactions of these prepolymers. The subsequent quarternization produced the amphiphilic block copolymers. Surface property of poly(methyl methacrylate) films containing this amphiphilic block copolymer was examined by measuring contact angles for water. The addition of only 0.5 wt% of the block copolymer was sufficient to make poly(methyl methacrylate) surfaces hydrophilic. The block copolymer formed a polymeric micelle in acetone–water mixed solvent.     

RAFT-细乳液法合成PMMA-b-PGMA两嵌段共聚物

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为单体,S-正十二烷基-S′-(α,α′-二甲基-α″-乙酸基)三硫代碳酸酯为链转移剂,经RAFT/细乳液法制得PMMA(PDI 1.44)。以PMMA细乳液为种子乳液,与甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯聚合合成了PMMA-b-PGMA两嵌段聚合物(1),其结构和性能经¹H NMR, FT-IR, GPC和DSC确证。结果表明：1的PDI为2.04,玻璃化转变温度为92.35 ℃。     

疏水链段对两亲性三嵌段共聚物在水中聚集行为的影响

以结构明确的两端为短的聚苯乙烯(PS)或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)链段,中间为长的聚乙二醇(PEG)链段的PS-b-PEG-b-PS和PMMA-b-PEG-b-PMMA两亲性三嵌段共聚物为对象,研究了PS和PMMA链段对其在水中形成胶束和凝胶的影响.两种三嵌段共聚物在水中形成以PS或PMMA链段为核、PEG链段为壳的球形胶束,流体力学半径Rh,app为15.3~24.3 nm,并随PEG链段长度增长而增大.临界胶束浓度CMC均小于0.01 mg/mL,随着PS和PMMA链段长度的增加而减小.PS-b-PEG-b-PS浓度高于4.5 wt%可形成较强的疏水缔合的物理凝胶,平衡模量Ge可达到103Pa;PMMA-b-PEG-b-PMMA浓度高于7.5 wt%可以形成弱的凝胶,Ge<10 Pa.凝胶的储存模量G′和损耗模量G″均随着PS或PMMA链段的增长而增大.     

Synthesis of poly(vinyl acetate) block copolymers by successive RAFT and ATRP with a bromoxanthate iniferter

Poly(vinyl acetate)-b-polystyrene, poly(vinyl acetate)-b-poly(methyl acrylate) and poly(vinyl acetate)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) block copolymers with low polydispersity (M(w)/M(n) < 1.25) were prepared by successive reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) employing a bromoxanthate iniferter (initiator-transfer agent-terminator).     

One-pot synthesis of block copolymers in supercritical carbon dioxide: a simple versatile route to nanostructured microparticles

We present a one-pot synthesis for well-defined nanostructured polymeric microparticles formed from block copolymers that could easily be adapted to commercial scale. We have utilized reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization to prepare block copolymers in a dispersion polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide, an efficient process which uses no additional solvents and hence is environmentally acceptable. We demonstrate that a wide range of monomer types, including methacrylates, acrylamides, and styrenics, can be utilized leading to block copolymer materials that are amphiphilic (e.g., poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)) and/or mechanically diverse (e.g., poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate)). Interrogation of the internal structure of the microparticles reveals an array of nanoscale morphologies, including multilayered, curved cylindrical, and spherical domains. Surprisingly, control can also be exerted by changing the chemical nature of the constituent blocks and it is clear that selective CO(2) sorption must strongly influence the block copolymer phase behavior, resulting in kinetically trapped morphologies that are different from those conventionally observed for block copolymer thin films formed in absence of CO(2).     

Two strategies for the self-assembly of gold nanoparticles: Photoreaction and radical reaction

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-poly(vinylpyridine) (PNIPAAm-b-PVP) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-hydroxylethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(vinylphenol) (P(NIPAAm-co-HEMA)-b-PVPhol) were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Above two copolymers could form complex in pure water and in DMF/water environment with the DMF content lower than 40% by hydrogen bondings. The morphologies of the complex were investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was found that the dimension of the complex in strong acid (pH 1.0) or base environment (pH 12.0) was smaller than the one in weak acid or in neutral environment. After the shell cross-linking of the complex, the complex showed a type of "swollen" state in acid or base environment which is similar to the properties of microgel.     

Surface complexation modeling of Fe(3)O(4)-H(+) and Mg(II) sorption onto maghemite and magnetite

New fluorinated copolymers of poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(butyl methacrylate) or poly(n-octadecyl methacrylate) end-capped with 2-perfluorooctylethyl methacrylate (PMMA(x)-b-PBMA(y)-ec-PFMA(z) or PMMA(x)-b-PODMA(y)-ec-PFMA(z)) were synthesized by living atom transfer radical polymerization. Thin films made of PMMA(230)-b-PODMA(y)-ec-PFMA(1) were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. These films were found to exhibit robust surface segregation of the end groups. Furthermore, the fluorine enrichment factor at the film surface was found to increase linearly with increasing degree of polymerization of poly(n-octadecyl methacrylate) and its increasing fusion enthalpy in the second block, which enhances the segregation of the fluorinated moieties.