反相离子对高效液相色谱法测定蔬菜中多菌灵残留量

建立了一种用HPLC测定蔬菜中多菌灵残留量的分析方法。样品中多菌灵经甲醇提取,在pH 1~2时用二氯甲烷液液净化,水相调至弱碱性,再用二氯甲烷提取,提取液经浓缩,癸烷磺酸钠离子对试剂处理后,用HPLC-DAD分离测定,外标法定量。对于50 g样品,定容至10 mL,进样量20μL,检出限为0.05mg/kg,样品回收率>80%,RSD<10%,能满足农药残留分析的要求。     

QuEChERS-液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定果蔬中16种农药残留

建立了果蔬中吡虫啉、咪鲜胺、苯醚甲环唑、嘧菌酯、噻虫嗪等16种常见农药多残留的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)分析方法。以乙腈为提取剂,样品经高速匀浆方法提取后,提取液采用液-液萃取静置分层,取上清液进行净化处理。比较了石墨化碳-氨基复合固相萃取与QuEChERS两种不同净化技术的净化效果,最终确定采用QuEChERS方法为净化手段。即提取液经装有150 mg N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)填料、900 mg无水硫酸镁的净化管净化,除去样品中大部分的色素及有机酸等干扰基质,再经LC-MS/MS分析,有效地降低了样品中的复杂基质所带来的背景干扰。加标水平为5、10、20 μg/kg时,16种农药的平均回收率为75%~111%,相对标准偏差小于16%。16种农药的检出限为0.2~5 μg/kg。采用LC-MS/MS定性分析、基质匹配标准曲线法定量分析,线性关系和回收率结果均令人满意。实验证明,建立的QuEChERS净化与LC-MS/MS相结合的检测方法具有快速、准确、灵敏度高等优点,能够准确测定果蔬中16种农药残留。     

离子交换固相萃取-高效液相色谱法研究吡虫啉在梨中的分布及残留动态

建立一种以固相萃取(SPE)、高效液相色谱(HPLC)为基础的测定梨果皮、果肉中吡虫啉残留量的方法。样品用乙腈进行提取,经二氯甲烷液液分配后用阳离子交换固相萃取(SCX-SPE)柱净化,高效液相色谱/二极管阵列检测法(HPLC/DAD)测定。各种添加水平(果皮:0.05、0.1、0.5、2 mg/kg;果肉:0.05、0.5、1mg/kg)的回收率为83%~103%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于10%,方法的检出限为0.05 mg/kg。运用此方法分别对梨果皮和果肉中吡虫啉的残留动态进行研究,发现吡虫啉主要在梨果皮中残留,得到吡虫啉在果皮中的消解动态方程为:wt=w0×exp(-0.235t),半衰期是2.98 d。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定浓缩苹果汁中的多菌灵残留量

报道了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定浓缩苹果汁中多菌灵残留量的方法.样品经适量水稀释后,C18固相萃取柱提取净化,用V(甲醇)∶V(二氯甲烷)=1∶1淋洗,HPLC法测定.在添加水平为0.10,0.50,2.0 mg/kg时,多菌灵的回收率在92.6%～108.3%之间;RSD＜3% (n=6),检出限为0.02 mg/kg,该方法的测定结果满足农药残留量的检测要求.     

动物源性食品中吡喹酮残留量的LC-MS/MS测定

应用固相萃取液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)技术建立了动物源性食品中吡喹酮药物残留的检测方法。用乙酸乙酯提取样品中的吡喹酮残留,提取液经碱性氧化铝小柱净化,LC-MS/MS测定,在10~40μg/kg范围内添加回收率为91%~111%,定量下限(LOQ)为10μg/kg。本文还讨论了吡喹酮残留物的提取条件、流动相对吡喹酮ESI离子化的影响,并借助准MS/MS/MS技术探讨了吡喹酮主要质谱碎片的产生机理。     

在线固相萃取净化-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中10种大环内酯类抗生素

建立了在线固相萃取净化-液相色谱-串联质谱检测猪肉中10种大环内酯类抗生素残留的方法。样品经过乙腈提取,提取液40℃旋蒸至干后,分析物用2 mL磷酸盐缓冲液溶解,溶解液经在线固相萃取柱(HLB柱)富集净化,甲醇洗脱,然后转移至XBridge BEH C18色谱柱上,以10 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液和乙腈溶液为流动相进行分离,最后用串联四极杆质谱检测。结果表明,10种大环内酯类抗生素在0.1~200μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.990。方法的检出限范围为0.05~0.30μg/kg,定量限范围为0.10~1.00μg/kg;添加水平为0.10~10.0μg/kg时,方法回收率为69.6%~115.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)10%。该方法可以作为猪肉中大环内酯类抗生素的检测方法。     

动物组织与水产品中头孢氨苄残留量的液相色谱-串联质谱检测

建立了牛肉、猪肉、肝脏、肾脏、脂肪、鱼肉、虾肉中头孢氨苄残留的LC-MS/MS检测方法.组织样品中的头孢氨苄用甲醇-0.2%偏磷酸 (体积比3 ∶ 7)溶液提取,采用Oasis HLB固相萃取小柱净化.分析样品以甲酸溶液(体积分数0.1%)-乙腈为流动相,经MG-Ⅱ C18色谱柱分离,在LC-MS/MS多反应监测模式下进行定性、定量分析,采用正离子扫描.头孢氨苄的定量下限为0.01 mg/kg,动物组织和水产品样品在0.01、0.05、0.1、0.2 mg/kg添加水平的回收率为75% ～106%,相对标准偏差(n=10)为5.3% ～12.1%.     

蔬菜中苯甲酰脲类药物残留的测定方法研究

建立了一步有机溶剂提取、HPLC分离、紫外检测器检测7种苯甲酰脲类药物(除虫脲、灭幼脲、杀铃脲、氟铃脲、氟苯脲、氟虫脲和氟啶脲)在蔬菜中残留量的方法。考察了不同提取溶剂(乙酸乙酯和乙腈)的提取效率;研究了不同C18固相萃取小柱、活性碳、自制弗罗里硅土柱和GPC对蔬菜样品的净化效果;实验了不同的梯度淋洗程序分离7种药物。通过对黄瓜、大白菜、西红柿和包心菜4种蔬菜的4种添加水平和4次重复性实验,建立了一种以乙腈为提取溶剂和以弗罗里硅土柱为净化柱的高效液相色谱法测定7种苯甲酰脲类药物。该方法线性范围为:0.02~1.5mg/L,7种苯甲酰脲类药物的相关系数均大于0.999,其检出限为0.02~0.05mg/kg(S/N=10);在0.05~1.0mg/kg之间的添加回收率为80%~120%;相对标准偏差小于15%。方法完全符合残留分析的要求。     

分散固相萃取净化液相色谱-质谱联用快速检测糙米中的多种残留农药

建立了同时检测糙米中多种农药残留的分析方法.采用乙腈提取,使用N-丙基乙二胺键合固相吸附材料(PSA)和C18硅胶胶联吸附剂分散固相萃取(dispersive-SPE)净化,高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱,正离子模式检测,内标法定量.30种农药在0.05～2mg/kg范围内线性良好,方法检出限和定量限分别为0.5～20 μg/kg和2～60 μg/kg,30种农药平均回收率在73%～109%之间,相对标准偏差<10%,均能够满足农药残留分析的要求.     

UPLC-MS-MS快速分析烟草中的农药残留

采用基质分散固相萃取净化、超高效液相色谱分离与串联质谱检测建立了烟草中50种农药及其代谢物残留的分析方法。在0.02~0.50 mg/kg添加水平下,50种农药的回收率在68.3%~102.3%之间,相对标准偏差在2.1%~7.5%之间,定量限为4~15μg/kg。     

Application of matrix solid-phase dispersion to the determination of a new generation of fungicides in fruits and vegetables

A method based on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and gas chromatography to determine eight fungicides in fruits and vegetables is described. Fungicide residues were identified and quantified using nitrogen-phosphorus detection and electron-capture detection connected in parallel and confirmed by mass spectrometric detection. The method required 0.5 g of sample, C18 bonded silica as dispersant sorbent, silica as clean-up sorbent and ethyl acetate as eluting solvent. Recoveries from spiked orange, apple, tomato, artichoke, carrot and courgette samples ranged from 62 to 102% and relative standard deviations were less than 15% in the concentration range 0.05-10 mg kg(-1). Detection and quantitation limits ranged 3-30 microg kg(-1) and 10-100 microg kg(-1), respectively, with linear calibration curves up to 10 mg kg(-1). The analytical characteristics of MSPD compared very favourably with the results of a classical multiresidue method, which uses ethyl acetate and anhydrous sodium sulphate for the extraction.     

Application of matrix solid-phase dispersion and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry to fungicide residue analysis in fruits and vegetables

A method based on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and liquid chromatography-electrospay ionization-mass spectrometry used to analyze fifteen fungicide residues in fruits and vegetables is described. The method required only 0.5 g of sample, C(18)-bonded silica was used as dispersant sorbent, and ethyl acetate was used as eluting solvent. Fortified recoveries in apple, orange, banana, lettuce, grape and tomato samples ranged from 71% to 102% and relative standard deviations were less than 13% with fortified levels of 0.03-1.5 mg kg(-1). Detection and quantification limits were 1 approximately 30 microg kg(-1) and 4 approximately 100 microg kg(-1), respectively, with linear calibration curves extending up to 15 mg kg(-1). The analytical characteristics of MSPD compared very favorably with those found for a classical multiresidue method: the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method. The method was applied to determine the fungicides in real samples. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) was used as confirmatory tool for positive samples.     

Multiresidue method for determination of 90 pesticides in fresh fruits and vegetables using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

A multiresidue method for analysis of 90 pesticides with different physico-chemical properties in fruits and vegetables was developed. The method involves a rapid and small-scale extraction procedure with acetone using vortex mixing. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) on a highly cross-linked polystyrene divinylbenzene column (LiChrolut EN) was used for clean-up and pre-concentration of the pesticides from the water-diluted acetone extracts. For most fruit and vegetable samples this partial clean-up was sufficient, but some of them with more co-extracting substances need further clean-up (cereals, spinach, carrots, etc.). Diethylaminopropyl (DEA) modified silica was used for efficient removal of interferences caused by various organic acids, sugars, etc. The pesticide residues were determined by gas chromatography with a mass selective detector (GC-MS). The majority of pesticide recoveries for various fruits and vegetables were >80% in the concentration range from 0.01 to 0.50 mg/kg, except for the most polar pesticides (methamidophos, acephate, omethoate) which cannot be determined by this method. The limit of quantitation for most of the pesticides was 0.01 mg/kg with majority of relative standard deviations (R.S.D.s) below 10%.     

Determination of phosmet and its metabolites in olives by matrix solid-phase dispersion and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

An accurate method based on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was developed for determination of phosmet residues and its metabolites (phosmet-oxon, phthalimide, N-hydroxymethylphthalimide, and phthalic acid) in olive fruits. After testing different sorbents and eluents for MSPD extraction, C₁₈ and acetonitrile were found to be the most appropriate for clean-up of the samples, in terms of yields and efficient removal of interfering compounds. All analytes were determined in selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode following a derivatization step with N,O-bis-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) containing 1% of trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS), except for phosmet and phosmet-oxon which were analyzed directly. The method showed suitable linearity (correlation coefficients higher than 0.8919 for all the compounds) and suitable sensitivity (limit of detection lower than 0.06 mg/kg). It was successfully applied in the analysis of olive fruits collected during the preharvest interval and olive oil. Phosmet residues found in all samples were lower than the maximum residue limits established by legislation (2 mg/kg).     

固相萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定大葱等蔬菜中23种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物残留

建立了气相色谱-串联质谱联用(GC-MS/MS)同时测定蔬菜中23种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(塑化剂)的方法。蔬菜经乙腈提取,玻璃Florisil固相萃取柱净化,正己烷定容,Agilent DB-5MS UI超高惰性毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)程序升温分离,MS/MS(选择反应监测模式)分析,外标法定量。考察了大葱等复杂基质蔬菜中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的提取和净化方法,并对色谱和质谱条件进行了优化,提出了扣除本底的办法;通过基质加标校准曲线补偿对邻苯二甲酸酯检测的基质效应。23种邻苯二甲酸酯的线性范围除邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(DINP)、邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯(DIDP)为0.1~5 mg/L外,其余均为0.02~1 mg/L,相关系数(r)除邻苯二甲酸二(2-甲氧基乙基)酯(DMEP)外均大于0.99。方法的检出限(S/N=3)为0.01~0.05 mg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)为0.02~0.1 mg/kg。3个加标水平下目标物的平均回收率为81.3%~104.2%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为3.2%~11.2%。该方法稳定可靠,应用串联质谱很好地消除了基质效应的干扰,灵敏度高,定性定量更为准确,适用于蔬菜中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的检测和确证。     

Determination of dithiocarbamate fungicide residues by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and stable isotope dilution assay

A rapid and very sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) method for the simultaneous determination of dithiocarbamate (DTC) fungicide residues in fruits and vegetables was developed. The surface extraction of samples used an alkaline buffer consisting of sodium hydrogen carbonate and DL-penicillamine. The three DTC subclasses, i.e. dimethyldithiocarbamates (DMDs), ethylenebis(dithiocarbamates) (EBDs), and propylenebis(dithiocarbamates) (PBDs), were separated on a Sequant ZIC-pHILIC column using an acetonitrile/10 mM ammonia gradient. Because of the instability of DTC residues extracted from plant samples, a stable isotope dilution assay was applied. For each DTC subclass, the limits of detection and quantification were approximately 0.03 mg kg(-1) and 0.05 mg kg(-1), respectively. Recoveries from grapes, cucumbers, tomatoes, and rucola, spiked in the range of 0.01-0.9 mg kg(-1), averaged between 90 and 100%.     

Residues analysis of post-harvest imidazole fungicides in citrus fruit by HPLC and GLC

The determination of imazalil and prochloraz fungicide residues has been carried out by HPLC with an UV detector at 204 nm and by GLC with an electron capture detector (ECD). In both cases fungicide residues were extracted with hexane/acetone (90:10, v/v) after pH adjustment and purified by a liquid-liquid partitioning process. When HPLC was used for prochloraz and imazalil analysis, it was necessary to eliminate the interfering substances with a further clean-up process. This was also required when samples with low residue levels were analyzed by GLC. Recovery was always higher than 70%. The detection limit was 0.04 ppm for the HPLC method and 0.02 for the GLC method. Imazalil and prochloraz residues in "Washington Navel" oranges and "Hernandina" clementine fruits, dipped in a 1000 ppm fungicide solution, are reported.     

Determination of fungicide residues in fruits and vegetables by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry

A liquid chromatography (LC) method for the quantitative determination of five fungicide residues (dichloran, flutriafol, o-phenylphenol, prochloraz and tolclofos methyl) in oranges, lemons, bananas, peppers, chards and onions is described. The residues were extracted by matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) using C8. Quantitative analysis was performed by isocratic LC coupled to quadrupole mass spectrometer using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in the negative ionization mode. The limit of quantification was 0.01 mg kgmicro for flutriafol, o-phenylphenol and dichloran, and 0.1 mg kg(-1) for prochloraz and tolclofos methyl. The MSPD method is also suitable for LC-UV analysis but higher limits of quantification (between 1 and 5 mg kg(-1)) were obtained. Validation of the method was performed between 0.01 and 25 mg kg(-1). Recoveries for fungicides ranged from 52.5 to 91.1% with relative standard deviations between 6.1 and 11.9%. The method was applied to the determination of residues in samples taken from agricultural cooperatives. The fungicides most often detected were o-phenylphenol and prochloraz.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜和水果中6种新型酰胺类杀菌剂的残留量

建立了蔬菜、水果中啶酰菌胺、氟啶酰菌胺、环氟菌胺、嘧菌胺、双炔酰菌胺和硅噻菌胺6种新型酰胺类杀菌剂残留量的液相色谱-串联质谱(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)检测方法。试样经乙腈提取、Florisil固相萃取柱净化、以乙腈和水为流动相梯度洗脱、结合新型核壳型填料色谱柱(Poroshell 120 EC-C₁₈)分离,采用电喷雾正离子扫描、多反应监测模式质谱检测,外标法定量。结果表明:固相萃取结合新型色谱柱分离解决了酰胺类农药分析中基质效应强的难点问题。6种杀菌剂在0.5~100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)≥0.9990;对7种蔬菜及3种水果进行0.5、5和50 μg/kg 3个加标水平的回收试验,回收率为65%~124%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=5)为1%~18%; 6种杀菌剂的方法检出限(S/N≥3)为0.10~0.17 μg/kg。该净化、分离模式显著降低了蔬菜、水果中6种新型酰胺类农药的基质效应,方法简单准确,可满足蔬菜和水果中啶酰菌胺等6种新型酰胺类杀菌剂残留检测的要求。     

Solid-phase extraction on sorbents of different retention mechanisms followed by determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric and gas chromatography-electron capture detection of pesticide residues in crops

Implementation of a mixed-mode solid-phase extraction is discussed as a promising approach for matrix clean-up in multiresidue/multimatrix methods. Sorbents characterized by different mechanisms of sorption such as reversed-phase (graphitized carbon), weak anion exchange (primary-secondary amine) and strong anion exchange (quaternary amine) were studied for their effectiveness in the removal of the matrix co-extractives in grains, fruits and vegetables for trace pesticide residues analysis. The pesticide residues were determined by gas chromatography with electron capture and mass spectrometric detection. Recoveries data of 25 pesticides from different groups at 0.01 mg/kg level ranged between 73 and 117% and with standard deviation below 15%. The limits of quantification were below or at 0.01 mg/kg.