Al3+-芦丁二元络合物荧光光度法测定银杏叶中总黄酮的含量

根据黄酮类化合物能与Al3+形成稳定的荧光络合物,以芦丁为标样,建立了一种测定银杏叶总黄酮的荧光分光光度法.激发波长λex=436 nm,发射波长λem=483 nm,方法检出限为1.27×10-9 mol·L-1,线性范围在1.64×10-9～3.63×10-5 mol·L-1之间,回收率为99.8%～104.2%,相对标准差(RSD)为1.94%.     

银杏叶中聚异戊烯醇化合物的分光光度法测定

基于秋加耶夫（Chugaev）反应，采用分光光度法测定银杏叶中聚异戊烯醇化合物含量；以ZnCl2的CH3COOH溶液－CH3COCl（体积比10：1）为显色剂，通过在388nm处测定溶液的吸光度确定聚异戊烯醇化合物的含量；聚异戊烯醇化合物在0．103－2．060mg范围内与吸光度值有良好线性关系；方法的回收率为97％－103％，相对标准偏差（RSD）为5．7％；方法简便、快速。     

红外光谱法测定芹菜叶提取物中总黄酮的含量

本文建立了红外光谱测定芹菜叶提取物中总黄酮含量的新方法。以黄酮类化合物的羰基特征峰为定量峰,依据朗伯-比耳定律,采用面积定量法,测定了芹菜叶提取物中总黄酮的含量,结果与紫外分光光度法一致。芹菜叶提取物中总黄酮的含量为86.62%;方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.12%(n=6),加标回收率在92.90%~104.06%范围。     

分光光度测定总黄酮法的适用性

为建立测定天南星总黄酮含量的方法,通过比较黄酮及苷、黄酮醇及3位苷共12个化合物的NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH法和AlCl3-KAc法的紫外和可见光谱,分析了分光光度测定总黄酮法的适用性.结果显示,与相应方法的有关原理相矛盾,尤其是芹菜素及苷在两方法中均未有相应现象产生.为此,进行了新方法研究,比较了各黄酮在三乙胺介质中的紫外可见光谱,结果显示, 黄酮及苷和3-黄酮醇苷最大吸收均红移;将三乙胺法应用于天南星,方法验证结果符合含量测定要求,对照品夏佛托苷在1.54～21.5 mg/L范围内与吸光度有良好线性关系(r=0.9997),平均回收率为99.3%(RSD=1.1%, n=9).方法重现性好,可操作性强.适用性研究表明, 3种方法均只适用于部分黄酮类成分分析.     

花生壳提取物中木犀草素及总黄酮含量的测定

首次采用高效液相色谱法测定不同溶剂提取物中木犀草素的含量;并用分光光度法测定花生壳不同提取物中的黄酮类化合物.结果表明,60%丙酮为提取剂时,提取物中木犀草素及总黄酮含量较高.     

银杏叶黄酮类化合物的提取分离Ⅰ.银杏黄酮化合物的提取

银杏叶为银杏科银杏属植物银杏（Ginkgo biloba L.)的叶子,银杏在植物学和化学上占有重要地位。据《本草纲目》记载,银杏果具有敛肺平喘,止遗尿,白带作用,近年来,国内外学者对银杏提取物（GBE）进行了大量的研究,发现其主要药用成分之一为黄酮类化合物,以银杏 叶为原料提取制成的药物,用于对心血管,脑血管,动脉硬化,高血压等疾病的治疗,有其他药物不能达到的特殊疗效^[1-4]。另外,银杏制剂长期服用几乎没有毒副作用,银杏叶制品还可用于生物农药,保健食品,化妆品等方面,如何从银杏叶中提取有效成分有研究的关键。银杏叶黄酮化合物的提取包括银杏叶黄酮化合物的浸取和浸出液的富集分离两大部分。本文主要讨论银杏叶黄酮类化合物的浸取。     

硫酸高铈铵分光光度法测定葡萄籽提取物中原花青素

建立了葡萄籽提取物中原花青素测定的新方法 硫酸高铈铵分光光度法。它是基于原花青素与Ce4 在强酸性介质中反应生成无色的Ce3 ,通过测定黄色高铈盐的吸光度,间接测定原花青素,Ce4 在319nm波长处具有最大吸收。该方法的线性范围为0.12～10μg mL,RSD为0.98%～1.1%,回收率为97.2%～102.8%,相关系数r=0.9992,检出限为0.04μg mL。     

银杏叶提取物活性成分的简介

简要介绍银杏叶提取物的化学成分--黄酮类化合物、萜内酯类、银杏糖类、其他活性物质的结构、药理作用和用途。     

明日叶黄酮类化合物清除羟基自由基活性研究

为了研究明日叶黄酮类化合物对羟基自由基的清除作用,以明日叶（主要取叶片）为原料,用体积分数为65％乙醇提取明日叶总黄酮,测定其总黄酮含量.通过Fenton反应体系产生羟基自由基,利用明日叶提取液中的功能成分黄酮类化合物对羟基自由基的清除作用进行研究.结果表明：明日叶提取物总黄酮质量分数为10.18％,且黄酮类化合物对羟基自由基有较强清除效力,当提取物总黄酮浓度在0.1～1.0 mg/mL范围内,其与清除率呈正相关.明日叶中黄酮类化合物对羟基自由基有较强清除效力,作为天然抗氧化产品开发具有一定价值.     

双波长分光光度-K系数法同时测定荷花玉兰花叶中三种黄酮成分

应用双波长分光光度K系数法测定了荷花玉兰花叶中主要黄酮类成分芦丁、槲皮素和山萘酚.选择297 nm/293 nm,381 nm/397 am,428 nm/451 mn为分析波长对,三种组分的线性范围分别为0.635～12.7,0.576～11.5,0.456～9.12 mg·L-1;样品测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=5)分别为0.1%,0.9%,2.1%;样品加标回收率分别为103.0%,98.4%,97.7%.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。