高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定鸡肉及鸡肝中10种砷形态化合物

建立了一种有效分离检测鸡肉及鸡肝样品中洛克沙砷(ROX)、阿散酸(ASA)、硝苯胂酸(NPAA)、卡巴胂(CBS)、砷酸(AsⅤ)、亚砷酸(AsⅢ)、一甲基胂酸(MMA)、二甲基胂酸(DMA)、砷甜菜碱(As B)和砷胆碱(As C)共10种砷形态化合物的高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS)分析方法。采用10%甲醇为提取液,碳酸铵溶液为流动相,以阴离子分析柱将样品提取液进行分离,最后进行ICP-MS测定。10种砷形态化合物在0.1~100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)均大于0.999,检出限为0.3~1.5μg/kg,定量下限为1.0~5.0μg/kg,加标回收率为81.3%~97.7%,相对标准偏差为0.1%~3.5%。该法重现性好、灵敏度高,且采用组织研磨仪机械振荡5 min即可成功提取10种砷形态化合物,与常规水浴加热振荡提取相比更加简便、高效。该法适用于鸡肉及鸡肝样品中10种砷形态化合物的同时检测,通过对实际样品的分析测定,在鸡肝样品中检出阿散酸和亚砷酸。     

高效液相色谱–原子荧光光谱法测定水产品中4种砷形态

建立高效液相色谱–原子荧光光谱法对水产品中4种砷形态[亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ)、砷酸盐As(Ⅴ)、一甲基砷酸、二甲基砷酸]进行测定。优化后的实验条件:负高压为270 V,灯电流为80 m A,原子化高度为10 mm,硼氢化钾浓度为20 g/L(含5 g/L KOH),载流为体积分数5%的盐酸。方法的线性范围为0~100μg/L,线性相关系数大于0.999。各种砷形态的检出限为0.20~0.45μg/L;测量结果的相对标准偏差为1.98%~4.81%(n=6);加标回收率为88.4%~101.7%。该方法灵敏度高,快速、准确,检测成本低,可用于水产品中砷形态的检测。     

微波酸提取/液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定动物源性中药中6种砷形态

建立了微波酸提取/液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用(LC-ICP-MS)测定动物源性中药中6种砷形态(亚砷酸盐As(Ⅲ),砷酸盐As(V),一甲基砷MMA,二甲基砷DMA,砷甜菜碱As B和砷胆碱As C)的分析方法。采用1%HNO_3溶液在80℃微波提取10 min,经离心分层,过固相萃取SEP C18柱和0.45μm滤膜,以25 mmol/L NH_4H_2PO_4溶液(p H 6.7)-乙醇(99∶1,体积比)为流动相进行等度洗脱,各砷形态在10 min内实现基线分离。结果显示,6种砷形态在1.0~100.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 5~0.999 7,方法检出限(LOD)为0.24~1.0μg/kg,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.96%~2.0%。将方法应用于地龙、水蛭、海螵蛸、桑螵蛸、石决明和鸡内金中6种砷形态的测定,加标回收率为94.2%~103.8%,提取效率为95.5%~102.8%,优于热提取法。方法快速、准确、重现性好,适用于动物源性中药及类似样品中的砷元素形态分析及质量监控。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析食用菌中6种砷形态及其分布特征

建立同时测定食用菌中亚砷酸根、砷酸根、一甲基砷酸、二甲基砷酸、砷甜菜碱、砷胆碱6种砷形态化合物的高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱分析方法。选择5 mmol/L和80 mmol/L(pH 8.0)碳酸铵溶液作为梯度洗脱的流动相，0.50 mol/L乙酸溶液作为提取剂，采用微波萃取的提取方式进行分析。6种砷形态化合物的质量浓度在0～100μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好，相关系数均大于0.999 0，亚砷酸根、砷酸根、一甲基砷酸、二甲基砷酸、砷甜菜碱、砷胆碱的检出限分别为0.04、0.05、0.08、0.07、0.05、0.09μg/L，定量限分别为0.13、0.15、0.20、0.20、0.16、0.28μg/L。样品加标回收率为88.3%～96.3%，测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.37%～8.98%(n=6)。采用该方法研究市售食用菌中砷形态分布特征，结果表明，不同类型食用菌中砷形态分布种类和含量不同，需综合无机砷和有机砷的含量评估食用菌中砷的危害性。     

浊点萃取-原子荧光光谱法测定水产品中砷形态

建立了浊点萃取-原子荧光光谱法测定水产品中砷形态的新方法。在p H 4.6,As(III)可与吡咯啶二硫代氨基甲酸铵(APDC)生成疏水性络合物,通过水浴加热,络合物被萃取到Triton X-114表面活性剂相。测定前,表面活性剂相加入0.4 m L Antifoam 204溶液,并用5%(V/V)HCl溶液定容至3 m L。在优化的实验条件下,As(III)在0.2~4.0μg/L范围内与荧光强度有良好的线性关系,方法检出限为0.009μg/L,RSD为3.4%,对于50 m L样品溶液的富集倍数为9.3。方法成功应用于水产品中砷形态分析,加标回收率为95.8%~104.3%。     

HPLC-ICP-MS测定植物样品中6种砷形态化合物

通过优化色谱分离、样品前处理条件,同时对比了电感耦合等离子体质谱的标准模式(STD)、碰撞模式(KED)、氧气反应模式(Oxygen-DRC)、甲烷反应模式(Methane-DRC)的检测结果,建立了一种有效分离植物样品中砷甜菜碱(AsB)、二甲基砷酸(DMA)、亚砷酸(As(Ⅲ))、砷胆碱(AsC)、一甲基砷酸(MMA)、砷酸(As(Ⅴ))6种砷形态化合物的高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS)分析方法。样品以1%HNO₃溶液为提取溶剂,90℃加热提取2.5 h,RP小柱净化,然后采用AS7阴离子交换柱分离,25~80 mmol/L(NH₄)₂CO₃溶液梯度洗脱,在STD模式下测定,6种砷形态化合物在9 min内完全分离。方法检出限为0.10~0.25μg/L,加标回收率为87.5%~117.8%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)为1.2%~1.8%。方法适用于植物样品中6种砷形态化合物的测定。     

高效液相色谱-(紫外)氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定南极磷虾及其制品中6种砷形态

建立了南极磷虾及其制品中6种砷形态的高效液相色谱-(紫外)氢化物发生原子荧光光谱(HPLC-(UV) HG-AFS)分析方法,对流动相浓度及pH值、泵速和负高压等条件进行了优化。在最佳实验条件下,亚砷酸(As(Ⅲ))、砷酸(As(Ⅴ))、一甲基砷酸(MMA)、二甲基砷酸(DMA)、砷甜菜碱(AsB)和砷胆碱(AsC)在5～100μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r~20.999 0),检出限(LOD,S/N≥3)均为0.01 mg/kg,定量下限(LOQ,S/N≥10)均为0.03 mg/kg;在0.01、0.05、0.10 mg/kg加标水平下,回收率为89.2%～108%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为3.4%～14%。采用该方法测定了南极磷虾及其制品中6种砷形态,无机砷(AsⅢ和AsⅤ)含量均低于水产品及其制品中无机砷的国家限量标准。该方法操作简单,适用范围广,结果准确可靠,可用于南极磷虾及其制品中砷的形态分析。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子质谱法分析雄黄在大鼠脏器中代谢的砷形态

采用HPLC-ICP-MS联用技术建立了大鼠脏器中AsB,As?,MMA,DMA和As?等砷形态的分析方法。采用超声水浴提取对样品进行前处理,Dionex IonPac AS19阴离子交换柱,20 mmol/L(NH4)2CO3(pH 9.7)为流动相,对雄黄染毒后大鼠肝肾中的砷形态进行分析。实验表明,方法不受40Ar35Cl+干扰,常见的5种砷形态化合物的线性范围为1~300μg/L,相关系数(R2)均大于0.999,检出限为0.3~0.5(μg/L),RSD均小于5%,加标回收率为83.8%~111.7%。通过对肝肾的形态分析,表明经雄黄染毒后大鼠肝脏中的砷形态主要为DMA、As?和未知物2;肾脏中的砷形态主要为DMA、MMA、As?、未知物1、未知物2和未知物3。综合表明,此方法适用于雄黄代谢后的主要砷形态分析。     

南极磷虾油中总砷含量及砷形态分析

南极磷虾油富含Omega-3磷脂而具有强大的保健功能,但由于其砷含量较高,在保健品领域的应用受到一定限制.由于南极磷虾油中含有大量的磷脂质,采用常规的提取方法分析难以对其砷形态进行准确定量分析.本研究采用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱((HPLC-ICP-MS)联用技术建立了针对砷甜菜碱(AsB)、二甲基砷酸(DMA)、一甲基砷酸(MMA)、三价砷As(Ⅲ)、五价砷As(Ⅴ)5种砷形态的分析方法.采用C18固相萃取进行样品脱脂前处理,采用阴离子交换色谱IonPac AS9-H阴离子分析柱(250 mm×4 mm),流动相采用38 mmol/L Na2SO4+15 mmol/L乙酸钠;流速0.6 mL/min,流速1 mL/min,进行5种形态砷化合物的分析.结果表明,5种砷化合物的线性范围为0.5～500 μg/L,相关系数R＞0.9993.检出限(LOD)为0.1 ～0.2 μg/L,定量限(LOQ)为1.5 ～2.6 μg/L,RSD＜5％.加标回收率为88.9％ ～ 106.3％.样品的测定结果显示,南极磷虾油中砷形态的主要存在形式为无毒的砷甜菜碱,因此可以安全地应用于食品及保健品.     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体-串联质谱法同时测定饲料中As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)、氨苯胂酸和洛克沙胂

建立了饲料中As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)、氨苯胂酸(p-ASA)和洛克沙胂(ROX)不同形态砷的高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体-串联质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS/MS)检测方法。样品经甲醇-水(1∶1,V/V)超声提取,用Shiseido MGⅡC18色谱柱(250×4.6 mm,5μm)对4种砷形态进行分离,以pH=4.7的6mmol/L四丁基氢氧化铵(TBAH)-甲醇(92∶8,V/V)溶液及pH=1.9的0.05%三氟乙酸(TFA)-甲醇(92∶8,V/V)溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。然后通过电感耦合等离子体质谱进行监测,外标法定量。结果表明,在优化的实验条件下,各形态砷在0~50μg/L范围内线性良好(R≥0.9999),As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)、氨苯胂酸(p-ASA)和洛克沙胂(ROX)的检测限分别为0.05、0.10、0.08、0.60μg/L,4种形态砷的加标回收率范围在85.9%~104.6%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5%。通过对实际样品的检测,该方法适用于饲料中常见形态砷的检测。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.